Nhoroondo yetrombone

bhosvo rinzwike – mhepo chiridzwa chiridzwa. Inozivikanwa muEurope kubva muzana ramakore rechi 15, kunyangwe munguva dzekare mapaipi akati wandei akagadzirwa nesimbi uye aine akakombama uye akatwasuka maumbirwo aiitwa, kutaura zvazviri aive madzitateguru ari kure etrombone. Somuenzaniso, nyanga muAsiria, pombi huru neduku dzakagadzirwa nendarira, dzaishandiswa kuridza muChina yekare mudare uye muhondo. Mutsika yekare, iyo yakatangira chiridzwa inowanikwawo. MuGirisi yekare, salpinx, hwamanda yesimbi yakatwasuka; muRoma, tuba directa, hwamanda inoyera ine ruzha rwakaderera. Munguva yekuchera kwePompeii (maererano neruzivo rwenhoroondo, guta rekare reGreek rakarega kuvapo pasi pemadota egomo rinoputika Vesuvius muna 79 BC), zviridzwa zvakati wandei zvebhuronzi zvakafanana netrombone zvakawanikwa, zvakanyanya kunge aive "mahombe" mapaipi aive. mumhanza, dzaiva nemikombe yendarama uye yakanga yakashongedzwa nematombo anokosha. Trombone zvinoreva "hwamanda huru" muItaly.

Iyo rocker pombi (sakbut) ndiye tateguru weiyo trombone. Nokufambisa pombi ichienda mberi nekudzoka, mutambi aigona kushandura huwandu hwemhepo muchiridzwa, izvo zvaiita kuti zvikwanise kuburitsa ruzha rwainzi chromatic scale. Kurira kwemutinhimira kwakafanana nenzwi remunhu, saka nyere idzi dzaishandiswa zvakanyanya mukwaya yechechi kuti inzwi riwedzere uye kudanidzira manzwi epasi.Kubva payakavambwa, kutaridzika kwetrombone hakuna kuchinja zvakanyanya. Iyo sakbut (chaizvoizvo trombone) yaive yakati diki pane chiridzwa chemazuva ano, chine ruzha rwakasiyana rwerejista (bass, tenor, soprano, alto). Nekuda kwekurira kwayo, yakatanga kushandiswa nguva dzose mumaokestra. Apo masaga akanatswa uye akagadziridzwa, izvi zvakapa simba rekubuda kwetrombone yemazuva ano (kubva pashoko rechiItalian rokuti "Trombone" mukushandura "pombi hombe") inozivikanwa kwatiri.

Mhando dzetrombones

Maokestra ainyanya kuve nemhando nhatu dzetrombones: alto, tenor, bass. Pakurira, mutinhimira wakasviba, wakasuwa uye wakasuruvara wakawanikwa panguva imwe cheteyo, izvi zvakaparira kubatanidzwa nesimba rinopfuura romuzvarirwo, rine simba, kwakanga kuri muitiro kuashandisa muzvikamu zvokufananidzira zvokuridza opera. Iyo trombone yakanga yakakurumbira naMozart, Beethoven, Gluck, Wagner, Tchaikovsky, Berlioz. Yakava yakapararira kuvonga kumapoka akawanda anodzungaira enziyo dzezviridzwa zvinofuridza, achipa mitambo muEurope neAmerica.

Iyo nguva yerudo yakakwevera kune yakasarudzika mikana yetrombone nevanyori vazhinji. Vakataura nezve chiridzwa icho chakapihwa ine simba, inoratidzira, inonzwika ruzha, yakatanga kushandiswa kazhinji mumitambo mikuru yemimhanzi. Muhafu yekutanga yezana ramakore rechi 19, kuita kwega kunoenderana netrombone kwakave kwakakurumbira (vakakurumbira trombonist soloists F. Belke, K. Queiser, M. Nabih, A. Dieppo, F. Cioffi). Nhamba huru yemabhuku emakonti uye mabasa evanyori vari kugadzirwa.

Munguva dzazvino, kune kufarira kutsva mumasacbuts (trombone yekare) nemhando dzayo dzakasiyana dzaive dzakakurumbira kare.