Zara Alexandrovna Dolukhanova |

Zara Dolukhanova

Iye akaberekwa March 15, 1918 muMoscow. Baba - Makaryan Agassi Markovich. Amai – Makaryan Elena Gaykovna. Hanzvadzi – Dagmara Alexandrovna. Vanakomana: Mikhail Dolukhanyan, Sergey Yadrov. Vazukuru: Alexander, Igor.

Mai vaZara vaive nezwi rerunako rwusingawanzo. Akadzidza kuimba naAV Yuryeva, muimbi ane mukurumbira, comrade-mu-maoko uye shamwari yaAV Nezhdanova munguva yakapfuura, uye akadzidziswa piyano unyanzvi naVV Barsova, muduku zvikuru mumakore iwayo, mune ramangwana prima donna yeBolshoi Theatre. . Baba vangu vaive mainjiniya emuchina, vaifarira mimhanzi, vakazvimirira vega kuridza violin nepiyano, vaive nyere mune imwe orchestra yeamateur symphony. Saka, vanasikana vaviri vevabereki vane tarenda, Dagmara naZara, kubva pamazuva ekutanga ehupenyu hwavo, vaive mumhepo yakazara nemimhanzi, kubva paudiki vakaunzwa kune yechokwadi tsika yemimhanzi. Kubva pazera remakore mashanu, Zara muduku akatanga kutora zvidzidzo zvepiyano kubva kuKarandasheva-Yakovleva, uye pazera remakore gumi akapinda chikoro chevana chemimhanzi chinonzi KN Igumnov. Atova mugore rechitatu rekudzidza, achitungamirirwa nemudzidzisi wake SN Nikiforova, akaridza sonatas yaHaydn, Mozart, Beethoven, preludes yaBach uye fugues. Nenguva isipi, Zara akatamira kukirasi yeviolin uye gore rakatevera akava mudzidzi paGnessin Music College, kwaakadzidza kubva muna 1933 kusvika muna 1938.

Muchikoro chemitambo yemitambo, mutungamiri wake akanga ari tenzi anoshamisa, uyo akaunza boka renyeredzi revanyori veviolin vakakurumbira, Pyotr Abramovich Bondarenko, purofesa paGnessin Institute uye Conservatory. Pakupedzisira, Zara ane makore gumi nematanhatu, akatanga kujoinha hunyanzvi hwezviridzwa zviviri, akawana nzira yake huru. Kukodzera mune iyi muimbi wekamuri uye mudzidzisi VM Belyaeva-Tarasevich. Mudzidzisi, achivimba nemanotsi emuchipfuva echisikigo uye akanaka, akazivisa inzwi rake semezzo-soprano. Makirasi naVera Manuilovna akabatsira izwi remuimbi weramangwana kuti riwedzere kusimba, rakaisa hwaro hwakasimba hwekuwedzera kwakasimba.

Makore ekudzidza kwaZara paKoreji yeMimhanzi akabatana neheyday yemuimbi weRussia uye kuita chikoro. Munzvimbo yekuchengetedza uye Column Hall yeImba yeMubatanidzwa, pamwe chete nevaimbi vekumba, vanozivikanwa vekunze vakaitwa, masters echizvarwa chekare vakatsiviwa nevadiki vahwina, vanozobatana nemuimbi. Asi kusvika pari zvino, mumakore makumi matatu, haana kumbofunga nezve nhanho yehunyanzvi uye akasiyana nevamwe vake - vadzidzi vekutanga chete mukubudirira kwake kukuru uye kusimba, nyota isinganeti yezviitiko zvitsva. Pakati pevaimbi vepamba, Zare mumakore iwayo aive pedyo ne NA Obukhova, MP Maksakova, VA Davydova, ND Shpiller, S.Ya. Lemeshev. Muimbi wezviridzwa achangoburwa, mudiki Zara akakwevera manzwiro akapfuma pamakonzati evaridzi veviolin, piano, uye ensembles dzekamuri.

Kubudirira kwehunyanzvi hwaZara Alexandrovna, kukura uye kuvandudzwa kwehunyanzvi hwake zvakange zvisisabatanidzwe nesangano redzidzo. Asina kupedza chikoro chehunyanzvi, akaenda kuYerevan nekuda kwezvikonzero zvake - musangano naAlexander Pavlovich Dolukhanyan, wechidiki, akanaka, ane tarenda, rudo uye muchato zvakachinja zvakanyanya mararamiro ehupenyu hwemudzidzi akarurama, anoshingaira. Chidzidzo chacho chakambomiswa nguva pfupi bvunzo dzekupedzisira dzisati dzatanga. Dolukhanyan akatora basa remudzidzisi wezwi uye akatendesa mudzimai wake nezvekuda kweshanduro yemhuri ye "conservatory", kunyanya sezvo aive munhu ainyanya kugona mukutaura uye tekinoroji nyaya, aiziva sei uye aida kushanda naye. vaimbi, uyezve, muimbi ane erudite muyero mukuru, aigara achigutsikana nezvekururama kwake. Akapedza kudzidza semupiyano kubva kuLeningrad Conservatory, uye muna 1935 akapedzawo zvidzidzo zvepamusoro naSI Savshinsky, purofesa ane simba guru, mukuru wedhipatimendi, uye nguva pfupi mushure mekuroorana kwake akatanga kuvandudza mukuumbwa naN.Ya. Myaskovsky. Atova muYerevan, achidzidzisa piyano uye makirasi emakamuri panzvimbo yekuchengetedza, Dolukhanyan akapa makonzati akawanda mumusangano pamwe nemudiki Pavel Lisitsian. Zara Alexandrovna anoyeuka nguva iyi yehupenyu hwake, yakazvipira kukugadzira, kuunganidza unyanzvi, sekufara uye kubereka.

Kubva mumatsutso a1938 muYerevan, muimbi asingazivi akabatana nehupenyu hwemitambo uye akanzwa mhepo yakaoma yekugadzirira kwemakore gumi eArmenian art muMoscow, achinetseka pamusoro pehama dzake - vatori vechikamu: mushure mezvose, gore risati raroorana naDolukhanyan. , akaroora nyeredzi inokwira yearmenian stage - baritone hanzvadzi yaPavel Lisitsian Dagmar yakabuda. Mhuri mbiri dzakakwana muna October 1939 dzakaenda kuMoscow kwemakore gumi. Uye nokukurumidza Zara pachake akava soloist yeYerevan Theater.

Dolukhanova akaita saDunyasha muThe Tsar's Mwenga, Polina muThe Queen of Spades. Ose maviri opera akaitwa achitungamirwa neconductor MA Tavrizian, muimbi akasimba uye anonyatsoita. Kutora chikamu muzvigadzirwa zvake muedzo wakakomba, muedzo wekutanga wekukura. Mushure mekuzorora kwenguva pfupi nekuda kwekuzvarwa kwemwana uye akapedza nemurume wake muMoscow, Zara Alexandrovna akadzokera kuYerevan Theatre, yaive pakutanga kwehondo, uye akaramba achishanda pane opera zvikamu zve mezzo-soprano. repertoire. Upenyu hwemimhanzi hweguta guru reArmenia panguva iyoyo hwakaenderera mberi nechisimba chikuru nekuda kwevaimbi vakatanhamara vakaendeswa kuYerevan. Muimbi wechidiki aive nemumwe munhu wekudzidza kubva kwaari pasina kudzikisira kukura kwake kwekugadzira. Mukati memwaka yakati wandei yebasa muYerevan, Zara Dolukhanova akagadzirira uye akaita chikamu cheCountess de Ceprano uye Peji muRigoletto, Emilia muOthello, Musikana Wechipiri muAnush, Gayane muAlmast, Olga muEugene Onegin. Uye kamwe-kamwe pazera remakore makumi maviri nematanhatu - kuoneka kune theatre! Sei? Wekutanga kupindura uyu mubvunzo wakaoma, achiona shanduko iri kuuya, aive Mikael Tavrizian, mutungamiriri mukuru weYerevan Opera panguva iyoyo. Pakupera kwa1943, akanzwa zvakajeka kusvetuka kwehunyanzvi kwakaitwa nemuimbi wechidiki mukuvandudza matekiniki ekuita, akacherekedza kupenya kwakakosha kwecoloratura, mavara matsva etimbre. Zvakava pachena kuti tenzi akanga atoumbwa akanga achiimba, uyo akanga akamirira ramangwana rakajeka, asi asina kushamwaridzana neimba yemitambo, asi nebasa rekonzati. Maererano nemuimbi pachake, kuimba kwekamuri kwakapa mukana kune chido chake chekududzirwa kwega uye basa rekusununguka, risina muganhu pamusoro pekukwana kwezwi.

Kuvavarira kunyatsoita mazwi ndechimwe chezvinhu zvinonyanya kunetsa muimbi. Akawana izvi kunyanya paaiita mabasa naA. naD. Scarlatti, A. Caldara, B. Marcello, J. Pergolesi nevamwe. Kurekodhwa kweaya mabhuku kunogona kuva yamuro inokosha yokudzidzisa kuvaimbi. Zvakanyanya kujeka, kirasi yemuimbi yakaratidzwa mukuita kwemabasa naBach naHandel. Makonti aZara Dolukhanova aisanganisira kutenderera kwezwi uye anoshanda naF. Schubert, R. Schumann, F. Liszt, I. Brahms, R. Strauss, pamwe naMozart, Beethoven, Stravinsky, Prokofiev, Shostakovich, Sviridov nevamwe. Mumhanzi wekamuri yeRussia murepertoire muimbi akazvipira zvirongwa zvakawedzerwa. Pakati pevanyori vemazuva ano, Zara Alexandrovna akaitawo mabasa naY. Shaporin, R. Shchedrin, S. Prokofiev, A. Dolukhanyan, M. Tariverdiev, V. Gavrilin, D. Kabalevsky nevamwe.

Kuita kwaDolukhanova kunobata nguva yemakore makumi mana. Akaimba muhoro dzemakonzati dzakanakisa muEurope, North neSouth America, Asia, Australia neNew Zealand. Mumazhinji enzvimbo huru dzemimhanzi munyika, muimbi aipa makonzati nguva dzose uye nekubudirira kukuru.

Inyanzvi yeZA Dolukhanova inofarirwa zvikuru munyika uye kunze kwenyika. Muna 1951, akapiwa Mubayiro weHurumende nokuda kwekuita zvakanaka kwekonzati. Muna 1952, akapiwa zita Rekukudzwa Artist of Armenia, uye ipapo, muna 1955, People's Artist of Armenia. Muna 1956, ZA Dolukhanova - People's Artist yeRSFSR. Musi waKukadzi 6, Paul Robeson akapa Dolukhanova Chitupa cheKutenda chaakapihwa neWorld Peace Council maererano nekupemberera kusvitsa makore gumi bato rerunyararo repasi rose “Nekuda kwekubatsira kwake kukuru mukusimbaradza runyararo neushamwari pakati pevanhu. Muna 1966, wekutanga wevaimbi veSoviet, Z. Dolukhanova, akapiwa Lenin Prize. Muna 1990, muimbi akagamuchira zita rokuremekedza People's Artist of the USSR. Kufarira kusingagumi mubasa rake kunoratidzwawo nechokwadi chokuti, semuenzaniso, chete munguva kubva muna 1990 kusvika muna 1995, maCD masere akabudiswa nefemu Melodiya, Monitor, Austro Mechana uye Russian Disc.

PER. Dolukhanova aiva purofesa paGnessin Russian Academy of Music uye akadzidzisa kirasi paGnessin Institute, achishingaira kutora chikamu mujuri remakwikwi emimhanzi. Ane vadzidzi vanopfuura makumi matatu, vazhinji vavo vakave vadzidzisi pachavo.

Akafa December 4, 2007 muMoscow.