Musical paleography |

Musical paleography (kubva kuGreek palaios - yekare, yekare uye grapo - ndinonyora) - inzvimbo yeuXNUMXbuXNUMXbhistorical musicology, yakakosha mimhanzi-nhoroondo. kuranga. Anodzidza masisitimu ekare ekurekodha mimhanzi, maitiro ekushanduka kwemamuses. zviratidzo, kugadziriswa kwemifananidzo yavo. mafomu, pamwe chete nezviyeuchidzo zvemuses. kunyora (ch. arr. kuimba manyoro ezvinangwa zvechitendero) maererano nehurongwa hwemimhanzi, nguva nenzvimbo yekusika, vanyori. Kuwanda kweP.m. inosanganisira kudzidza kwemapepa watermark (filigrees), zvinyorwa uye chimiro chemimhanzi. manyoro. Muchidzidzo chemazuva ano chekutsvaga P.m. inoitawo source-vedch. mabasa: kuzivikanwa, tsananguro uye systematization yemamouse akanyorwa nemaoko. zviyeuchidzo, tsanangudzo yekubatana kwavo kwemhando, kudzidza kwekushanduka kwemhando pachavo, nezvimwewo P. m. inodzidza masisitimu akasiyana-siyana emamuses. zvinyorwa: alfabheti, dhijitari, notolinear, uchishandisa akasarudzika zviratidzo (ekphonetic, neumatic, znamenny, nezvimwewo).

Chinangwa chekupedzisira chemimhanzi-paleographic. tsvakiridzo-kududzira masisitimu akasiyana-siyana emamuses. kurekodha uye kushandura mimhanzi. magwaro ezviyeuchidzo akanyorwa nemaoko emazuva ano. linear notation. Nokudaro, inonyanya kukosha inoshanda Basa reP.m. ndiko kuvandudzwa kwehunyanzvi hwakavakirwa pasainzi uye nzira dzekuverenga mimhanzi. magwaro ezvinyorwa zvekare, kubudiswa kwemataurirwo emitauro-madimikira emumisi. mitauro yenguva dzakasiyana. Panyaya iyi, P. M. inoongorora semantics yemuses. tsamba, kusanganisira (mune imwe nhoroondo) matambudziko emimhanzi yekodhi. ruzivo. P. m. inotarisanawo nematambudziko akawanda enhoroondo yevanhu. uye mumhanzi. kurongeka - genesis yehurongwa hwemuses. marekodhi, kupatsanurwa kwavo uye kudyidzana kwavo mukushanduka-shanduka, hunhu hwemhindumupindu iyi, kupindirana kwemazwi uye misisi. zvinyorwa, kubatanidza kwechirevo chenyika-yekufananidzira yemamisi. tsika dzechinyakare dzakanyorwa uye ngano, nzira yekudzidza yezvinyorwa zvakanyorwa nemaoko. monuments.

Zvakadini. chikamu cheP.m. inosanganisirwa munhoroondo uye philological. paleography, inoshandisa nzira dzayo dzekudzidza zvinhu zvakanyorwa nemaoko. P. m. sesainzi. chirango chakaumbwa panosangana nhoroondo. musicology, paleography uye mimhanzi. sosi zvidzidzo, saka, muPm paleographic nzira dzakabatanidzwa, mumhanzi uye analytical. uye mimhanzi-nhoroondo. tsvakurudzo, yakashandiswa dzidziso. kusimukira uye nzira dzehuwandu, ruzivo rwedzidziso, uye mamwe sainzi uye dzidziso.

Kutsvakurudza kwemimhanzi. zvakanyorwa nemaoko zvinopfuura tekinoroji inotevera. matanho:

1) sosi yekudzidza (kuzivikanwa kwechiyeuchidzo, tsananguro yayo uye kupatsanura);

2) general paleographic (paleographic study of the manuscript: out features, dating, authorship, kuchengetedza, kunyora maitiro ezvinyorwa zvemashoko nemimhanzi, pagination, nezvimwewo);

3) mimhanzi-paleographic (maficha ekuwirirana kwemazwi uye mimhanzi zvinyorwa, kupatsanurwa kweiyo sisitimu yekurekodha mimhanzi, kuenzanisa kuongororwa uye kurongeka kwegraphic complexes uye zvinhu zvekurekodha mimhanzi, nezvimwewo). Musical-paleographic. nhanho yekutsvagisa inosanganisira kushandiswa kwekuenzanisa nhoroondo, mimhanzi uye theoretical, masvomhu. nedzimwe nzira, denderedzwa riri kuwedzera sezvo zvinhu zvinounganidza uye kukura kweP.m. pachayo semumhanzi-tekinoroji. dzidziso.

Mhedzisiro yemimhanzi-paleographic. zvidzidzo zvinoratidzwa muzvinyorwa, kusanganisira facsimile editions yemuses. zviyeuchidzo zvine tsvakiridzo yesainzi netsanangudzo, iyo inowanzove ine kugadzirwa kwenzira yekududzira nekushandura mimhanzi. mavara kune mutsara notation.

Muna P. M., Russian inogona kusiyaniswa. chanter paleography, Byzantine (chiGiriki) mimhanzi. paleography, Latin (Gregorian) mimhanzi. paleography, ruoko. mimhanzi paleography nedzimwe nzvimbo. Kupatsanurwa kunobva pane graphic, syntactic. nezvimwe zvinhu zvemumhanzi. zvinyorwa mumatunhu ezviyeuchidzo. Imwe neimwe yenzvimbo dzakadzidzwa dzeP. rinoenderana nedenderedzwa rezvinyorwa, sekutonga, mune mumwe mutauro, une mutauro chaiwo. zviri mumasisitimu akashandiswa emimhanzi. zvinyorwa. Mune ramangwana, nehunyanzvi hukuru uye kuunganidzwa kwezvinhu, mhando nyowani dzeP.m dzinogona kubuda.

Sesainzi yakakosha, P.m. yakatanga kuumbwa muma50s. Zana remakore rechi19 Anokosha zvikuru aiva mabasa eFrench. musayendisiti EA Kusmaker, akatanga chidzidzo cheMiddle Ages. mimhanzi inonyora pane yakasimba sainzi uye yakaramba fungidziro dzisina hwaro nezvekwakabva Western Europe. nevm. Zvadaro, X. Riemann, O. Fleischer, P. Wagner akaita mupiro mukuru pakudzidza nekududzira manyorero akadhindwa, uye pane imwe nguva yakatevera – P. Ferretti, J. Handshin, E. Yammers nevamwe. Muna 1889-1950 muFrance, pasi pemupepeti we. A. Mokro (kubvira 1931 - J. Gazhar) akaburitsa muunganidzwa wakawanda wezviyeuchidzo zvekunyora kwakadzama netsvakiridzo yakadzama. tsananguro ("Paleographie musicale" - "Musical paleography", 19 vols.). Zvimiro zveByzantine Middle Ages. zvinyorwa zvakatanga kufukidzwa zvakafara mumabhuku aA. Gastuet naJB Thibaut pamavambo ezana ramakore rechi 19 nerechi20; zvisinei, kubudirira kwakasimba kwakawanikwa munzvimbo iyi muma20s uye 30s. nekuda kwekutsvagisa kwaE. Welles, GJW Tilyard naK. Hög. Vakakwanisa kunyatsotsanangura kuMiddle Byzantine notation, iyo yakazarura nzira yekunzwisisa zviyeuchidzo zvePaleo-Byzantine notation. Kubva 1935, iyo Monumentae musicae byzantinae (Monument of Byzantine Music) yakateedzana yakaburitswa, iyo inosanganisira zvinyorwa zvesainzi uye zvidzidzo zvakakosha. Mumazuva ano Mumabasa esainzi, pfungwa yekusangana kwenheyo dzeByzantine iri kuwedzera kuzivikanwa. uye Western European non-criminal kunyora uye mukana wekugadzira imwechete yepasirese P. m., inofukidza ese marudzi eMiddle Ages. kunyora mimhanzi.

Rus. Kuimba paleography inotsvaga Slavic-Russian kuimba yakanyorwa nemaoko zviyeuchidzo zve12 - kutanga. Muzana remakore rechi18 (manyoro akasiyana - kusvika muzana remakore rechi20): Kondakari, Stihirari, Irmologii, Oktoikhi, etc. Mune zvinyorwa izvi, sekutonga, ideographic (znamenny) maitiro emuses anoshandiswa. zvinyorwa: kondakar, mbiru, kufamba, etc. Panguva imwecheteyo, kuimba kweRussia paleography inofunga kunyora notolinear, iyo yaiva muzana remakore rechi17. chaiyo muRussia. maficha (ayo anonzi Kiev banner, ayo maficha asati anyatsodzidza), uye mabhanari-notolinear manyoro e con. 17 - kupemha. 18th century (ona. Double banner), ichipa mukana wekuenzanisa. kuongororwa kwemaitiro maviri akasiyana emimhanzi coding system. intonation. Chidzidzo chekunyora Znamenny chakatangwa naVM Undolsky (1846) uye IP Sakharov (1849). Musical-paleographic. tsvakurudzo yakaitwa naVF Odoevsky uye VV Stasov. Danho idzva, iro rakapa zvakakosha nhoroondo generalizations uye nesainzi. systematization yezvinhu, aive mabasa eDV Razumovsky. Kubatsira kwakakosha mukuvandudza kwematambudziko eRussia. Kuimba paleography kwakatangwa naSV Smolensky, VM Metallov, AV Preobrazhensky, uye gare gare naVM Belyaev, MV Brazhnikov, ND Uspensky, nevamwe. Brazhnikov akaita basa rakakosha mukuvandudza kwesainzi. nheyo dzekuRussia kuimba paleography. Akagadzira kosi yakakosha mumhanzi wemimhanzi yevadzidzi vemimhanzi, yaakadzidzisa kuLeningrad Conservatory kubva muna 1969 kusvika pakupera kwehupenyu hwake (1973). Akagadzira pfungwa chaiyo yeRussia. kuimba paleography sesainzi. chirango (kare, zvakawanda zvezvikamu zvaro zvairangarirwa neRussia familyography kana chechi-kuimba matongo). Padanho remazuva ano rekukura kwesainzi iyi yakava iyo inonyanya kukosha, methodological uye muz.-paleographic. Matambudziko. Nzira yekutsanangura zvinyorwa zvekuimba yakagadziridzwa mune zvakajairika (Brazhnikov), asi nyaya dzehurongwa uye kupatsanurwa kweRussia hadzisati dzagadziriswa. zviyeuchidzo zvemimhanzi, kushanduka kwemhando dzekuimba; dambudziko rekwakabva kweRussia harisati ragadziriswa. music systems. inorekodha zvese kubva kudivi re syntactic uye kubva kudivi re semantics. Zvinechekuita nedambudziko re genesis ndiwo matambudziko ekukodha muses. ruzivo muznamenny systems uye kushanduka kweznamenny systems pachavo. Imwe yemativi emhindumupindu yakanga iri mubvunzo wenhau. periodization yeZnamenny script (Brazhnikov akakurudzira paleographic periodization zvichienderana nekuchinja magirafu emabhana); kupatsanurwa kweznamenny masisitimu kuri kugadzirwa.

Imwe yematambudziko makuru ekuRussia kuimba paleography - kutsanangura tsamba yeZnamenny yenguva isina kunyorwa (ona Kryuki). Muzvinyorwa zvesainzi, nzira mbiri dzakasiyana dzekugadzirisa dambudziko iri dzakaonekwa. Imwe yacho inzira “kubva kune inozivikanwa kuenda kune isingazivikanwe”, kureva kubva kumarudzi ekupedzisira ehook notation, ane hukama hunokosha ("yakaiswa chiratidzo" uye "siginicha" kunyora), kune yekutanga iyo isati yave zvizere. deciphered. Iyi nzira yakaiswa mberi naSmolensky, gare gare yakadzivirirwa naMetallov, Brazhnikov, uye kunze kwenyika naI. Gardner. Imwe nzira inoteverwa nenhamba yevasayendisiti vekuMadokero (M. Velimirovic, O. Strunk, K. Floros, K. Levi) inobva pakuenzanisa kwemhando dzekare dzeZnamenny naKondakar kunyora nePaleo-Byzantine notation. Hapana imwe yeiyi nzira chete inogona kutungamirira kumagumo. kugadzirisa dambudziko, uye kuwana mhedzisiro yakanaka, inokurudzirwa nesainzi, kudyidzana kwavo kwakakosha.

Arm. mimhanzi paleography inodzidza masisitimu ekare emamuses. zvinyorwa muzvinyorwa zveArmenian. mimhanzi tsika dze5th-18th mazana emakore. (kubva muzana remakore rechisere - khaz notation). Mutsvagiridzo yazvino, Vanyori vanocherekedza kuti yakazvimirira notation system yakagadziridzwa muArmenia, iyo yaive neyakananga nat. maitiro. Ruoko rwekare. zvinyorwa zvemimhanzi zvinounganidzwa uye zvinodzidzwa muHurumende. dura rezvinyorwa zvekare pasi peDare reMakurukota eArm. SSR (Matenadaran), iyo yakakosha pasi rose. Pakati pematambudziko makuru emaoko. mimhanzi paleography inosanganisira misi yemanyoro ekutanga, genesis of Arm. notation uye kutsvaga prototypes yehaz notation, kududzira, kudzidza hukama hweMiddle Ages. Prof. uye Nar. mimhanzi, nezvimwewo.

Kuvandudzwa kwemimhanzi-paleographic. matambudziko eArmenian mimhanzi paleography inosanganiswa nemazita eGr. Gapasakalyan, E. Tntesyan, Komitas. Iyo yekupedzisira kekutanga yakasimudza matambudziko egenesis uye shanduko yehaz notation, yakatanga sainzi. music-paleographic. kudzidza kwezviyeuchidzo zveArmenian. mimhanzi tsika; matambudziko edzidziso anoonekwa mumabasa eXS Kushnarev, PA Atayan, NK Tagmizyan.

References: Undolsky V., Zvinyorwa zvenhoroondo yekuimba kwechechi muRussia, “Kuverenga mu imp. Society of Russian History and Antiquities, 1846, No 3; Sakharov I., Zvidzidzo pamusoro pekuimba kwechechi yeRussia, Journal of the Ministry of Public Education, 1849, chikamu 61; Lvov A. F., O yemahara kana asymmetrical rhythm, St. Petersburg, 1858; Razumovsky D. V., Pazvinyorwa zvisiri zvemitsetse zvechechi znamenny kuimba, M., 1863; yake pachake, Materials for archaeological duramazwi, “Antiquities. Proceedings of the Moscow Archaeological Society, vol. 1, M., 1865; Smolensky S. V., Tsanangudzo pfupi yekare (XII-XIII mazana emakore) inozivikanwa hermologist ..., Kazan, 1887; yake, On Old Russian kuimba notations, St. Petersburg, 1901; yake, Pamabasa ekukurumidza anoshanda uye tsvakiridzo yesainzi mumunda wechechi yekuRussia yekuimba matongo, St. Petersburg, 1904; ake, Several itsva data pane inonzi Kondakar banner, "RMG", 1913, No 44-46, 49; Metalov V. M., ABC yekuimba hoka, M., 1899; yake pachake, Russian simiography, M., 1912; Preobrazhensky A. V., Pamusoro pekufanana kwekunyora kwemimhanzi yeRussia nechiGiriki mukuimba manyoro ezana ramakore rechi 1909-1926, St. Petersburg, XNUMX; yake, Greco-Russian kuimba yakafanana yeXII-XIII mazana emakore, "De musica", L., XNUMX; Brazhnikov M. V., Nzira dzekusimudzira uye mabasa ekududzira rwiyo rweZnamenny rwemazana emakore XII-XVII, L. – M., 1949; yake, New Monuments of Znamenny Chant, L., 1967; zvake, Zur Terminologie der altrussischen Vokalmusik, “Beiträge zur Musikwissenschaft”, 1968, Jahrg. 10, H. 3; yake, Pfupi nhungamiro uye zvirongwa zvetsanangudzo yezvinyorwa zvekare zvekuimba zvekuRussia, mubhuku. : Nhungamiro yetsanangudzo yezvinyorwa zvechiSlavonic zveRussia zveConsolidated katalogi yezvinyorwa zvakachengetwa muUSSR, vol. 1, M., 1973; yake pachake, Monuments of Znamenny Chant, L., 1974; yake pachake, Fedor Krestyanin - Russian chanter yezana remakore rechi1974, mubhuku: Krestyanin F., Stihiry, M., 1975; pachake, Russian kuimba paleography uye mabasa ayo chaiwo, "SM", 4, No 1975; zvake, Zvinyorwa zveOld Russian Music, L., XNUMX; Atayan R. A., Mibvunzo yekudzidza nekududzira Armenian khaz notation, Yer., 1954; Belyaev V. M., kunyora nziyo dzekare dzeRussia, M., 1962; Uspensky N. Д., Journal of the American Academy of Pediatrics, М., 1965, 1971; Tahmizian N., The Ancient Armenian Musical Manuscripts and Issues related to their Deciphering, “Ongororo yeArmenian Studies”, P., 1970, t. VII; его же, Spruces yeArmenian neByzantine Music muEarly Middle Ages, "Musyka", 1977, No 1, с 3-12; Apоян Н. O., Padzidziso yeMedieval Nevmennoe Notation paBass of Armenian Khazs, Yer., 1972; yake pachake, Kududzira zvisiri zvepfungwa notation yakavakirwa paArmenian Khaz, Er., 1973; Keldysh Yu. V., Padambudziko rekwakabva rwiyo rweZnamenny, “Musica antiqua”, Bydgoszcz, 1975; Nikisov G. A., Kuenzanisa paleography yekunyora kondakar kwezana remakore rekutanga neretatu, ibid.; Fleicher O., Neumen-Studien, TI 1-3, Lpz. — B., 1895-1904; Wagner P., Nhanganyaya ye Gregorian melodies, vol. 2, neumes, paleography yenziyo dzechitendero, Lpz., 1905, 1912; Thibaut P., Origine byzantine de la notation neumatique de l'йglise latine, P., 1907; Wellesz E., Zvidzidzo paPaldography yeByzantine Music, «ZfMw», 1929-1930, vol. 12, H. 7; eго жe, A History of Byzantine Music and Hymnography, Oxf., 1949, 1961; Tillyar d H. J. W., Handbook of the middle bizantine musical notation, Cph., 1935; его же, Matanho ekutanga bytantines mumhanzi notation, «Byzantinische Zeitschrift», 1952, H. 1; Коsсhmieder E., Zvimedu zvekare zveNovgorod hirmology, Lfg. 1-3, Munich, 1952-58; его же, Pakabva runyoro rweSlavic Krjuki, “Festschrift yeDmytro Cyzevskyj pa60th Geburtstag, В., 1954; Hцeg C., Iyo yekare tsika yechiSlavonic yemimhanzi yeByzantine, "Kuenderera mberi kweBritish Academy", v. 39, 1953; Palikarova-Verdeil R., La musique byzantine chez les slaves (Bulgares et Russes) aux IX-e et Xe siиcles, Cph., 1953; Gardner J., Zvimwe zvezvinyorwa zveOld Russian neumes pamberi pekuvandudzwa kwe1668, «Welt der Slaven», 1960, No 2; его же, Pamusoro pechinetso chechimiro chechiyero mumutauro wekare weRussia Neumengesang, в сб.: Musik des Ostens, (Bd) 2, Kassel, 1963; Velimirovic M., Byzantines zvinhu mukutanga Slavic chant, Cph. 1960; Arro E., Matambudziko Makuru eEastern European Music History, в сб.: Music of the East, (Bd) 1, Kassel, 1962; Bhuku rakanyorwa nemaoko reOld Russian neumatic writing, ed. naJ v. Gardner uye E. Koschmieder, Tl 1-3, Munich, 1963-72; Floros C., The decipherment of Kondakaria notation, в сб.: Musik des Ostens, (Bd) 3-4, Kassel, 1965?67; его же, Universale Neumenkunde, vols.

GA Nikishov