Camille Saint-Saens |

Camille Saint-Saens

Saint-Saens ndewemunyika yake kune denderedzwa diki revamiriri vepfungwa yekufambira mberi mumimhanzi. P. Tchaikovsky

C. Saint-Saens akaenda pasi munhoroondo kunyanya semuimbi, piano, mudzidzisi, kondakita. Nekudaro, tarenda reuhu hunhu hune chipo chepasi rose harina kupedzwa nezvikamu zvakadaro. Saint-Saens aive zvakare munyori wemabhuku ehuzivi, mabhuku, pendi, yemitambo, akanyora nhetembo nemitambo, akanyora zvinyorwa zvinotsoropodza uye akadhirowa macaricature. Akasarudzwa nhengo yeFrench Astronomical Society, nokuti ruzivo rwake rwefizikiki, nyeredzi, matongo uye nhoroondo yakanga isiri pasi pekudzidzira kwevamwe masayendisiti. Muzvinyorwa zvake zvinonetsa, munyori akataura achipokana nemiganhu yezvido zvekugadzira, dzidziso, uye akakurudzira kudzidza kwakadzama kwezvido zveunyanzvi zveveruzhinji. “Kuravira kwevoruzhinji,” munyori wacho akasimbisa kudaro, “kungava kwakanaka kana kuti kwakapfava, hazvina basa, inhungamiro inokosha zvikuru kumugadziri. Angave ari nyanzvi kana tarenda, achitevera kuravira uku, achakwanisa kugadzira mabasa akanaka.

Camille Saint-Saens akaberekerwa mumhuri yakabatana nehunyanzvi (baba vake vakanyora nhetembo, amai vake vaive muimbi). Tarenda yemimhanzi yakajeka yemunyori yakazviratidza muhuduku hwakadaro, izvo zvakamuita kubwinya kwe "Mozart yechipiri". Kubva pazera remakore matatu, munyori weramangwana akanga atodzidza kuridza piyano, pazera remakore mashanu akatanga kuumba mimhanzi, uye kubva kune gumi aiimba sepiyano yemakonti. Muna 5, Saint-Saens akapinda muParis Conservatory, kwaakapedza makore matatu gare gare, kutanga mukirasi yenhengo, uye mukirasi yekunyora. Panguva yaakapedza kudzidza kubva kuimba yemitambo, Saint-Saens akanga atova muimbi akura, munyori wenziyo dzakawanda, kusanganisira First Symphony, iyo yakafarirwa zvikuru naG. Berlioz naC. Gounod. Kubva 1848 kusvika 3 Saint-Saens akashanda mumacathedrals akasiyana muParis. Hunyanzvi hwake hwekuvandudza nhengo dzakakurumidza kuhwina kuzivikanwa pasi rose muEurope.

Murume ane simba risinganeti, Saint-Saens, zvisinei, haagumiri pakuridza ogani uye kugadzira mimhanzi. Anoshanda semupiyano uye kondakita, anogadzirisa uye anodhinda mabasa nevakuru vekare, anonyora mabasa edzidziso, uye anova mumwe wevatangi nevadzidzisi veNational Musical Society. Kuma70s. nziyo dzinobuda dzakatevedzana, dzichisangana nechido nevemazuva ano. Pakati pawo pane nhetembo dzinonzi Omphala's Spinning Wheel neDance of Death, nziyo dzinoti The Yellow Princess, The Silver Bell naSamson naDelilah – imwe yenhongonya dzebasa remunyori.

Achisiya basa mumacathedrals, Saint-Saens anozvipira zvachose pakuumba. Panguva imwe cheteyo, anofamba zvakawanda kupota nyika. Muimbi ane mukurumbira akasarudzwa nhengo yeInstitute of France (1881), chiremba anokudzwa weYunivhesiti yeCambridge (1893), nhengo inoremekedzwa yebazi reSt. Petersburg reRMS (1909). Unyanzvi hweSaint-Saens hwakagara huchiwana kugamuchirwa kweushamwari muRussia, iyo munyori akashanyira kakawanda. Akanga aine hushamwari naA. Rubinstein naC. Cui, aifarira zvikuru mimhanzi yaM. Glinka, P. Tchaikovsky, uye vanyori veKuchkist. Aive Saint-Saens akaunza Mussorgsky's Boris Godunov clavier kubva kuRussia kuenda kuFrance.

Kusvikira pakupera kwemazuva ake, Saint-Saens akararama hupenyu hwekugadzira huzere neropa: akanyora, asingazivi kuneta, akapa makonzati uye akafamba, akanyorwa pane zvinyorwa. Muimbi ane makore 85 okukura akapa makonzati ake okupedzisira muna Nyamavhuvhu 1921 nguva pfupi asati afa. Muhupenyu hwake hwese hwekusika, munyori akashanda zvakanyanya muchero mumunda wezviridzwa, achipa nzvimbo yekutanga kune virtuoso konzati mabasa. Mabasa akadaro naSaint-Saëns seIntroduction uye Rondo Capriccioso yeViolin neOrchestra, Third Violin Concerto (yakatsaurirwa kumuimbi weviolinist ane mukurumbira P. Sarasata), uye Cello Concerto yava kuzivikanwa zvikuru. Aya nemamwe mabasa (Organ Symphony, nhetembo dzesymphonic, 5 piano concerto) akaisa Saint-Saens pakati pevanyori vakuru veFrance. Akasika maopera gumi nemaviri, ayo ainyanya kufarirwa naSamsoni naDherira, akanyorwa panhau yemubhaibheri. Yakatanga kuitwa muWeimar yakaitwa naF. Liszt (12). Mimhanzi ye opera inobata nehupamhi hwemhepo inofema, kukwezva kwechimiro chemimhanzi chemufananidzo wepakati - Dherira. Maererano naN. Rimsky-Korsakov, basa iri "ndiro rakanakira chimiro che operatic."

Inyanzvi yeSaint-Saens inoratidzirwa nemifananidzo yemashoko akareruka, kufungisisa, asi, nekuwedzera, nzira dzakanaka uye mafungiro emufaro. Mavambo enjere, ane musoro anowanzokunda manzwiro mumimhanzi yake. Muimbi anoshandisa zvakanyanya mataurirwo engano nemhando dzemazuva ese munziyo dzake. Nziyo uye declamatory melos, mobile rhythm, nyasha uye akasiyana masikirwo, kujeka kweruvara rweorchestra, synthesis yetsika uye nhetembo-yerudo misimboti yekuumbwa - zvese izvi zvinoratidzwa mumabasa akanakisa eSaint-Saens, akanyora rimwe reanopenya. mapeji munhoroondo yepasi rose mimhanzi tsika.

I. Vetlitsyna

Sezvo akararama hupenyu hwakareba, Saint-Saens akashanda kubva paudiki kusvika pakupera kwemazuva ake, kunyanya zvine muchero mumunda wezviridzwa zvemhando. Mutsara wezvaanofarira wakapamhama: muimbi ane mukurumbira, piano, kondakita, ane njere mutsoropodzi-polemicist, aifarira mabhuku, nyeredzi, zoology, botany, akafamba zvakanyanya, uye aitaurirana zvine hushamwari nevakawanda vakuru vemimhanzi.

Berlioz akacherekedza symphony yekutanga yeSaint-Saens ane makore gumi nemanomwe nemashoko okuti: "Jaya iri rinoziva zvese, rinoshaya chinhu chimwe chete - kusaziva." Gounod akanyora kuti symphony inomanikidza munyori wayo "kuva tenzi mukuru". Nezvisungo zvehushamwari hwepedyo, Saint-Saens aisanganiswa neBizet, Delibes uye akati wandei evamwe vanyori vechiFrench. Akanga ari muvambi wekusika kwe "National Society".

Mumakore makumi manomwe, Saint-Saens akaswedera pedyo naLiszt, uyo akaonga zvikuru tarenda rake, uyo akabatsira kuridza opera Samsoni naDelilah muWeimar, uye nokusingaperi akachengeta chiyeuchidzo chekutenda chaLiszt. Saint-Saens akashanyira Russia kakawanda, aive shamwari naA. Rubinstein, pazano rekupedzisira akanyora yake yakakurumbira Yechipiri Piano Concerto, aifarira zvikuru mumhanzi weGlinka, Tchaikovsky, uye Kuchkists. Kunyanya, akaunza vaimbi veFrance kuna Mussorgsky's Boris Godunov clavier.

Hupenyu hwakadai hwakapfuma mukuona uye kusangana kwemunhu hwakadhindwa mune mazhinji emabasa eSaint-Saens, uye vakazvimisikidza padanho rekonzati kwenguva yakareba.

Ane chipo chakasarudzika, Saint-Saens akagona hunyanzvi hwekunyora kunyora. Aive nehunyanzvi hwekuchinjika hunoshamisa, akachinjika zvakasununguka kune akasiyana masitaera, maitiro ekugadzira, akaumbwa akasiyana emifananidzo, madingindira, uye marongero. Akarwisana nemiganhu yemasekete yemapoka ekugadzira, achipesana nekutetepa mukunzwisisa kugona kwehunyanzvi hwemimhanzi, uye saka aive muvengi wechero system mune art.

Iyi thesis inomhanya seshinda dzvuku kuburikidza nezvose zvakakosha zvinyorwa zveSaint-Saens, izvo zvinokatyamadza nekuwanda kwemakanganisi. Munyori anoita seanozvipikisa nemaune: “Munhu wese akasununguka kuchinja zvaanotenda,” anodaro. Asi iyi ingori nzira yekurodza pfungwa. Saint-Saens inosemeswa nedzidziso mune chero yekuratidzira kwayo, kungave kuri kuyemurwa kwemakirasi kana kurumbidza! fashionable art trends. Anomira nokuda kwehupamhi hwekuona maonero.

Asi kuseri kweiyo polemic kune pfungwa yekusagadzikana kwakakomba. “Kubudirira kwedu kutsva kweEurope,” akanyora kudaro muna 1913, “kuri kufambira mberi munzira inopesana neunyanzvi.” Saint-Saëns akakurudzira vaimbi kuti vazive zviri nani zvidikanwi zvevateereri vavo. “Zvinoravira veruzhinji, zvakanaka kana zvakaipa, hazvina basa, igwara rakakosha kunyanzvi. Angave ari nyanzvi kana tarenda, achitevera kuravira uku, achakwanisa kugadzira mabasa akanaka. Saint-Saens akanyevera pwere pamusoro penyengano yenhema: “Kana uchida kuva chinhu chipi nechipi, gara muFrench! Iva iwe, iva wenguva yako uye nenyika yako ... ".

Mibvunzo yechokwadi yenyika uye democratism yemimhanzi yakasimudzwa zvine simba uye nenguva neSaint-Saens. Asi kugadziriswa kwenyaya idzi mudzidziso uye mukuita, mukusika, kunoratidzwa nekupokana kwakanyanya maari: mutsigiri wekusarerekera kwehunyanzvi kuravira, runako uye kuwirirana kwechimiro sechivimbiso chekuwanikwa kwemimhanzi, Saint-Saens, kuvavarira zviri pamutemo kukwana, dzimwe nguva kunoregeredzwa pithiness. Iye pachake akataura pamusoro peizvi muzvinyorwa zvake pamusoro peBizet, kwaakanyora kwete pasina shungu: "Takatsvaga zvinangwa zvakasiyana - akanga achitarisa kutanga kune zvose nekuda kwekuda uye hupenyu, uye ini ndaidzingirira chimera chekuchena kwemaitiro uye kukwana kwechimiro. ”

Kutsvaga "chimera" chakadaro kwakakanganisa kukosha kwekuda kwekugadzira kwaSaint-Saens, uye kazhinji mumabasa ake ainyura pamusoro pezviitiko zvehupenyu pane kuburitsa kudzika kwekupokana kwavo. Zvakangodaro, maitiro ane hutano kuhupenyu, anogara maari, kunyangwe kukahadzika, maonero epasirese evanhu, ane hunyanzvi hwehunyanzvi, pfungwa inoshamisa yemaitiro uye chimiro, akabatsira Saint-Saens kugadzira akati wandei mabasa akakosha.

M. Druskin

Zvinyorwa:

dhanzi (zvizere 11) Kunze kwaSamsoni naDherira, mazuva ekutanga chete anopihwa mumaparentheses. The Yellow Princess, libretto by Galle (1872) The Silver Bell, yakasununguka naBarbier naCarré (1877) Samson naDelilah, yakasununguka naLemaire (1866-1877) "Étienne Marcel", libretto naGalle (1879) "Henry VIII", Libretto by Detroit and Sylvester (1883) Proserpina, libretto by Galle (1887) Ascanio, libretto by Galle (1890) Phryne, libretto by Augue de Lassus (1893) "Barbarian", libretto naSardu i Gezi (1901) "Elena" 1904) "Ancestor" (1906)

Dzimwe nziyo nemitambo yemitambo Javotte, ballet (1896) Mimhanzi yemitambo yakawanda yemitambo (kusanganisira Sophocles 'dambudziko Antigone, 1893)

Symphonic inoshanda Mazuva ekuumbwa anopiwa mumaparentheses, ayo kazhinji asingaenderani nemazuva ekubudiswa kwemabasa ane zita (somuenzaniso, Second Violin Concerto yakabudiswa muna 1879 - makore makumi maviri nerimwe mushure mokunge yanyorwa). Zvimwe chetezvo muchikamu chechamber-instrumental. Kutanga Symphony Es-dur op. 2 (1852) Second Symphony a-moll op. 55 (1859) Third Symphony (“Symphony neOrgan”) c-moll op. 78 (1886) "Omphal's spinning vhiri", symphonic poem op. 31 (1871) "Phaeton", symphonic nhetembo kana. 39 (1873) "Dance of Death", symphonic nhetembo op. 40 (1874) "Youth of Hercules", symphonic nhetembo op. 50 (1877) "Carnival yeMhuka", Great Zoological Fantasy (1886)

Concerts Yekutanga Piano Concerto muD-dur op. 17 (1862) Yechipiri Piano Concerto mu g-moll op. 22 (1868) Yetatu Piano Concerto Es-dur op. 29 (1869) Yechina Piano Concerto c-moll op. 44 (1875) "Africa", fantasy yepiyano uye orchestra, op. 89 (1891) Yechishanu Piano Concerto muF-dur op. 103 (1896) Yekutanga Violin Concerto A-dur op. 20 (1859) Nhanganyaya uye rondo-capriccioso yeviolin uye orchestra op. 28 (1863) Yechipiri Violin Concerto C-dur op. 58 (1858) Yechitatu violin concerto muh-moll op. 61 (1880) Concert chidimbu cheviolin uye orchestra, op. 62 (1880) Cello Concerto a-moll op. 33 (1872) Allegro appassionáto for cello uye orchestra, op. 43 (1875)

Chamber instrumental works Piano quintet a-moll op. 14 (1855) Chekutanga piyano vatatu muF-dur op. 18 (1863) Cello Sonata c-moll op. 32 (1872) Piano quartet B-dur op. 41 (1875) Septet yehwamanda, piyano, 2 violin, viola, cello uye kaviri bass op. 65 (1881) Chekutanga violin sonata mu d-moll, op. 75 (1885) Capriccio paDanish neRussia Madingindira enyere, oboe, clarinet uye piano op. 79 (1887) Chechipiri piano vatatu mu e-moll op. 92 (1892) Yechipiri Violin Sonata Es-dur op. 102 (1896)

Mabasa ezwi Zvinenge zana zverudo, nziyo dzemitambo, nhamba dzekwaya, mabasa mazhinji emimhanzi inoera (pakati pavo: Misa, Kisimusi Oratorio, Requiem, makumi maviri motets nevamwe), oratorios uye cantatas ("Muchato wePrometheus", "Mafashamo", "Ryre nembira" nezvimwe).

Zvinyorwa zvinyorwa Kuunganidzwa kwezvinyorwa: "Harmony uye Melody" (1885), "Portraits uye Memoirs" (1900), "Tricks" (1913) nevamwe.