Livenskaya accordion: kuumbwa, nhoroondo, inzwi, kushandiswa

Harmonica yakaonekwa muRussia muzana remakore rechi1830. Yakaunzwa nevaimbi veGerman mumaXNUMXs. Masters kubva muguta reLivny, mudunhu reOryol, vakadanana nechiridzwa ichi chemimhanzi, asi havana kugutsikana nezwi rayo monophonic. Mushure mekutevedzana kwekuvakazve, yakava "parera" pakati peRussia harmonicas, yakaratidzwa mumabasa evanyori vakuru veRussia uye vadetembi Yesenin, Leskov, Bunin, Paustovsky.

Device

Chinhu chikuru cheLiven accordion nhamba huru yeborins. Vanogona kubva pamakumi maviri neshanu kusvika makumi mana, nepo mamwe marudzi asina anopfuura gumi nematanhatu. Kana uchitambanudza mabhero, kureba kwechigadzirwa chacho mamita maviri, asi huwandu hwekamuri yemhepo idiki, ndicho chikonzero chakatora kuwedzera kwenhamba yeborins.

Iyo yakagadzirwa haina tambo dzepafudzi. Muimbi anoibata nekuisa chigunwe cheruoko rwake rwerudyi muchiuno chiri kumashure kwehuro yekeyboard, uye opfuudza ruoko rwake rweruboshwe netambo iri kumucheto kwekavha yekuruboshwe. Mune imwe mutsara wekhibhodi yekurudyi, mudziyo une mabhatani 12-18, uye kuruboshwe kune mavharuvhu ayo, kana adzvanywa, anovhura ekunze mavharuvhu.

Munguva yemakore ekusikwa kweLiven harmonica, iyo yakasiyana-siyana ndeyokuti inzwi harina kutsamira pakutambanudza kwemvere mune imwe nzira. Muchokwadi, vatenzi veguta reLivny vakagadzira chiridzwa chepakutanga chisina analogues mune dzimwe nyika.

History

Pakupera kwezana ramakore rechiXNUMX, iyo harmonica yaive yakasarudzika kadhi yekufona yedunhu reOryol. Diki muhukuru nehurefu refu, yakashongedzwa nezvishongo, yakakurumidza kuzivikanwa.

Chigadzirwa chacho chakaitwa chete nenzira yemaoko uye yaiva "chidimbu nhumbi". Mhizha dzinoverengeka dzakashanda pakugadzira kumwe chete panguva imwe chete. Vamwe vakagadzira makesi nemabhero, vamwe vakagadzira mavharuvhu nemabhandi. Ipapo master staplers vakatenga zvikamu uye vakaunganidza harmonica. Mvura yekugeza yaidhura. Panguva iyoyo kukosha kwayo kwakaenzana nemutengo wemombe.

Pamberi pechimurenga cha1917, chiridzwa chakava chakakurumbira zvikuru; vanhu vanobva kwakasiyana volost vakauya kudunhu reOryol nokuda kwayo. Vashandi vemaoko havana kuenderera mberi nezvinodiwa, mafekitari eOryol, mapurovhinzi eTula, Petrograd nemamwe maguta akabatanidzwa mukugadzirwa kweLiven accordion. Mutengo wefekitari harmonica wadzikira zvakapetwa kagumi.

Nekuuya kwezviridzwa zvinofambira mberi, kufarirwa kwelivenka zvishoma nezvishoma kwakapera, vatenzi vakarega kupfuudza unyanzvi hwavo kuchizvarwa chechidiki, uye pakati pezana remakore rapfuura, munhu mumwe chete akasara muLivny akaunganidza iyi accordion.

Valentin, mumwe wevazukuru veLivensky muvezi wemaoko Ivan Zanin, akatora kuvandudzwa kwekufarira chiridzwa. Akaunganidza nziyo dzekare, nyaya, ngano kubva mumisha, akatsvaka makopi akachengetedzwa ezviridzwa zvepakutanga. Valentin akagadzirawo ensemble yakapa makonti munyika yose, achiita paredhiyo uye terevhizheni.

Kutevedzana kwenzwi

Pakutanga, chigadzirwa chacho chaive nezwi rimwe chete, gare gare maviri- uye matatu-izwi harmonicas akaonekwa. Chiyero hachisi chechisikigo, asi chakasanganiswa, chakagadziriswa mubhokisi reruoko rwerudyi. Kuwanda kunoenderana nehuwandu hwemabhatani:

• 12-mabhatani akaiswa mumutsara kubva "re" yekutanga kusvika "la" octaves;
• 14-bhatani - mu "re" system yekutanga uye "ita" yechitatu;
• 15-bhatani - kubva "la" diki kusvika "la" yechipiri octave.

Vanhu vakawira murudo nelivenka nekuda kweruzha rwayo rwakasiyana, hunhu hwekuRussia hunyoro hunofashukira. Mumabhesi, yairira senyere nenyanga. Livenka akaperekedza vanhuwo zvavo mumatambudziko uye mufaro, michato, mariro, kuenda kuhondo, mazororo evanhu uye mhemberero hazvigone kuita pasina iye.