Nikolay Vitalyevich Lysenko (Mykola Lysenko) |

Mykola Lysenko

N. Lysenko akazvipira kuita kwake kwakasiyana-siyana (munyori, nyanzvi, mutambi, kondakita, chimiro chevoruzhinji) kushumira tsika yenyika, ndiye aiva muvambi wechikoro chevanyori vekuUkraine. Hupenyu hwevanhu vekuUkraine, hunyanzvi hwavo hwepakutanga hwaive ivhu rakasimudzira tarenda raLysenko. Uduku hwake hwakapfuura munzvimbo yePoltava. Mutambo wekudzungaira ensembles, the regimental orchestra, kumba mimhanzi manheru, uye zvakanyanya - nziyo dzechivanhu, matambiro, mitambo yetsika umo mukomana akapinda nechido chikuru - "zvose izvo zvakapfuma zvakange zvisiri pasina," Lysenko anonyora mubhuku rake. autobiography, ” sekunge donhwe nedonhwe rekuporesa uye mvura mhenyu zvakawira mumweya wechidiki. Nguva yasvika yebasa, inoramba ichishandura izvo zvinyorwa muzvinyorwa, uye zvakanga zvisisiri zveumwe munhu, kubva pauduku zvakanzwisiswa nemweya, wakagadziriswa nemoyo.

Muna 1859, Lysenko akapinda muFaculty of Natural Sciences yeKharkov, ipapo Kyiv University, kwaakava pedyo nevadzidzi vakanyanyisa, akapinda mumhanzi uye basa rekudzidzisa. Kabhuku kake kanonzi "Andriashiada" kakakonzera mhere mhere yeruzhinji muKyiv. Muna 1867-69. Lysenko akadzidza paLeipzig Conservatory, uye sezvakangoita Glinka wechidiki, ari kuItaly, akazviona semunyori weRussia akazara, Lysenko muLeipzig akazosimbisa chinangwa chake chekushandisa hupenyu hwake kushandira mimhanzi yeUkraine. Anopedza uye anoshambadza 2 kuunganidzwa kwenziyo dzechiUkraine uye anotanga kushanda pane yakakura (83 mazwi enziyo) kutenderera "Mimhanzi yeKobzar" naTG Shevchenko. Kazhinji, zvinyorwa zveUkraine, ushamwari naM. Kotsyubinsky, L. Ukrainka, I. Franko vaiva simba rakasimba reunyanzvi hweLysenko. Kuburikidza nenhetembo dzeUkraine kuti dingindira rekuratidzira kwevanhu rinopinda pabasa rake, iro rakatemesa zvemukati zveakawanda emabasa ake, kutanga nekwaya "Zapovit" (paShevchenko chiteshi) uye kupera nerwiyo-rwiyo "The Eternal Revolutionary" (paFranko station), iyo yakatanga kuitwa muna 1905, pamwe chete ne opera "Aeneid" (maererano naI. Kotlyarevsky - 1910) - iyo yakaipisisa satire pamusoro pehurumende.

Muna 1874-76. Lysenko akadzidza muSt. Petersburg naN. Rimsky-Korsakov, akasangana nenhengo dzeMighty Handful, V. Stasov, vakapa nguva yakawanda uye simba rekushanda muDhipatimendi reMimhanzi yeSalt Town (nzvimbo yezviratidziro zveindasitiri, makonti. zvakaitirwa ikoko), kwaakatungamirira kwaya yevasingabhadhari pachena. Chiitiko chevanyori veRussia, chakafananidzwa naLysenko, chakava nezvibereko zvikuru. Yakabvumira padanho idzva, repamusoro nyanzvi kuita organic fusion yenyika uye pan-European stylistic mapatani. "Handingamborambi kudzidza mimhanzi pamifananidzo mikuru yeunyanzvi hweRussia," Lysenko akanyorera I. Franko muna 1885. Munyori wacho akaita basa guru rokuunganidza, kudzidza uye kusimudzira ngano dzechiUkraine, achiona mariri manyuko asingaperi okufuridzirwa uye unyanzvi. Akagadzira hurongwa hwakawanda hwenziyo dzechinyakare (dzinopfuura mazana matanhatu), akanyora akati wandei mabasa esainzi, pakati peiyo inonyanya kukosha ndeye rondedzero "Unhu hwemimhanzi maficha eChidiki Russian pfungwa nenziyo dzakaitwa naKobzar Veresai" (600). Zvisinei, Lysenko aigara achipikisa nhete ethnography uye "Little Russian". Aifarira zvakaenzana ngano dzemamwe marudzi. Akarekodha, akagadzira, akaridza kwete zveUkraine chete, asiwo zvechiPolish, Serbian, Moravian, Czech, Russian nziyo, uye kwaya yaitungamirirwa naye yakanga ine mudura remimhanzi yenyanzvi dzevanyori vekuEurope neRussia kubva kuPalestrina kuenda kuna M. Mussorgsky naC. Saint-Saens. Lysenko ndiye aive muturikiri wekutanga mumimhanzi yeUkraine yenhetembo dzaH. Heine, A. Mickiewicz.

Basa raLysenko rinotungamirirwa nemhando dzezwi: opera, nziyo dzekwaya, nziyo, dzerudo, kunyange zvazvo ariwo munyori we symphony, nhamba yekamuri uye piyano inoshanda. Asi maive mumhanzi wezwi umo kuzivikanwa kwenyika uye kuve kwemunyori kwakanyatso kujekeswa, uye maopera aLysenko (kune gumi acho, tisingaverenge vechidiki) airatidza kuzvarwa kweUkraine classical musical theatre. Iyo lyrical comic opera Natalka-Poltavka (yakavakirwa pamutambo wezita rimwe chete naI. Kotlyarevsky - 10) uye mutambo wemimhanzi wevanhu Taras Bulba (wakavakirwa pabhuku raN. Gogol - 1889) wakava iwo mapinini ehunyanzvi hwekuita. Pasinei nerutsigiro rwakasimba rwevaimbi veRussia, kunyanya P. Tchaikovsky, iyi opera haina kurongwa munguva yeupenyu hwemunyori, uye vateereri vakazivana nayo muna 1890 chete. Akanga ari wokutanga kuronga kwaya dzevasingazivi muUkraine, akafamba mumaguta nemisha nemakonzati. Nekushingaira kwekutora chikamu kwaLysenko muna 1924, chikoro chemimhanzi uye mutambo chakavhurwa muKyiv (kubvira 1904, Music and Drama Institute yakatumidzwa zita rake), umo muchengeti wekare weUkraine L. Revutsky akadzidziswa. Muna 1918, Lysenko akaronga Bayan Society, makore maviri gare gare - iyo Ukrainian Club ine mimhanzi manheru.

Zvakanga zvakafanira kudzivirira kodzero yeUkrainian nyanzvi yehunyanzvi hwekuzivikanwa kwenyika mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma, zvinopesana nechauvinistic policy yehurumende yetsarist, yakanangana nekusarura tsika dzenyika. “Kwakanga kusina mutauro muduku unokosha wokuRussia, hapana uye haungagoni kuvapo,” rakadaro denderedzwa ra1863. Zita raLysenko rakatambudzwa mupepanhau re<em>reactionary, asi kurwisa kwacho kwakawedzera, ndipo paibvawo tsigiro huru yomunyori wacho kubva kumutauro wokuRussia. musical community. Basa risinganeti rekuzvipira raLysenko rakafarirwa zvikuru nevanhu vekwake. Makore makumi maviri neshanu uye makumi matatu nemashanu ezviitiko zveLysenko zvekusika uye zvemagariro zvakashanduka kuita mhemberero huru yetsika yenyika. "Vanhu vakanzwisisa ukuru hwebasa rake" (M. Gorky).

O. Averyanova