Nhoroondo yenziyo

lute - chiridzwa chakabvutwa chine tambo chine manyawi pamutsipa uye muviri wakaita sepeya.

Nhoroondo yezvinoitika

Lute ndeimwe yezviridzwa zvekare zvemimhanzi, zuva chairo uye nzvimbo yekuonekwa iyo isinganyatsozivikanwi. Kudhirowa kwekutanga pahwendefa revhu, kwakangofanana nerute, kwakanyorwa pakati pechiuru chemakore chechipiri BC. Kuchera matongo kunopupurira kushandiswa kwechishandiso ichi muBulgaria, Egypt, Greece neRoma.

Kutenda kune vaBulgarian, lute ine mitsipa mipfupi yakave yakakurumbira muBalkan. Muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX yakapararira munyika dzeAsia, kunyanya muPersia neByzantium, uye muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX yakaunzwa nemaMoors kuSpain. Nenguva isipi chishandiso chinova chakakurumbira kwose kwose. Muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX-XNUMX yakaridzwa muItari, Portugal neGermany.

Kuonekwa

Sezvo chiridzwa chakapararira, chitarisiko uye hunyanzvi hwekuchiridza chakachinja, asi izvo zvakajairika zvakasara. Matanda anoshandiswa kugadzira lute. Iro bhobhobhobho reovhari muchimiro, rakagadzirwa nemuti mutete, kazhinji spruce, rine rimwechete kana katatu rakashongedzwa rosette pane buri rinonzwika. Muviri wakagadzirwa nematanda akaoma: cherry, maple, rosewood. Mukugadzirwa kwemutsipa we lute, muti wakajeka unoshandiswa. Musiyano mukuru uripo pakati perutiti nezvimwe zviridzwa zvine tambo ndezvokuti mutsipa hauremberere pamusoro pebhodhi rekurira, asi unoiswa padanho rimwe chete nawo.

Simuka mukukurumbira kwembira

MuMiddle Ages, chiridzwa chacho chaiva netambo 4 kana 5 dzakabatanidzwa. Yaitambwa ne plectrum. Ukuru hwacho hwakanga hwakasiyana-siyana. Vaimbi vaishandisa lute pakuperekedza, iyo yainyanya kuvandudzwa. Nguva yakasiya chiratidzo pahuwandu hwetambo. Pakupera kweRenaissance, pakanga paine tambo gumi dzakabatanidzwa, uye vaimbi vebaroque vaive vatotamba pagumi nemana. Paiva nezviridzwa zvine tambo gumi nepfumbamwe.

Zana ramakore rechiXNUMX rakava goridhe kune iyo lute. Yakava imwe yezviridzwa zvemimhanzi zvakapararira muEurope. Mumifananidzo yakawanda yenguva iyoyo, vanyori vairatidza vanhu vachiridza mbira. Nzira yekutamba nayo yachinja. Sezvo mutemo, murevereri uye zvigunwe zvakashandiswa kuitamba.

Pakupera kwezana ramakore rechiXNUMX, mushure mekusiiwa kwechirairo, huwandu hwevatambi velute hwakawedzera. Zvinopfuura 400 zvidimbu zvakanyorwa muEurope kune ichi chiridzwa chemimhanzi. Mupiro wakanyanya kukosha wakaitwa naFrancesco Spinacino. Kuwedzera kwekutaura mikana, nekuda kwemabasa aJohn Dowland.

Panguva dzakasiyana, vanyori vakadai saAntonio Vivaldi, Johann Sebastian Bach, Vincento Capirola, Karl Kohout nevamwe vakawanda vakanyora mabasa avo eruti. Vanyori vemazuva ano - Vladimir Vavilov, Toekiko Sato, Maxim Zvonarev, David Nepomuk, vanozivikanwawo nemabasa avo.

Nzvimbo yelute muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX

Muzana ramakore rechi1970, lute yakapotsa yakanganwika. Mashoma chete emhando dzayo asara muGermany, Ukraine uye munyika dzeScandinavian Peninsula. Muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX, vaimbi vakati wandei kubva kuEngland vakafunga kudzoreredza mukurumbira wakarasika welute. MuBritish lutenist uye nyanzvi yemimhanzi Arnold Dolmech akabudirira zvakanyanya mune izvi. Nechekare kubvira XNUMX, vaimbi vega uye mapoka emimhanzi akatanga kusanganisira kuridza lute muchirongwa chavo chekonzati. Lucas Harris, Istvan Shabo, Wendy Gillepsy vakashandisa mabasa kubva kuMiddle Ages uye Baroque.