Nhoroondo ye clarinet

Clarinet chiridzwa chinovhuvhuta chakagadzirwa nematanda. Iine inzwi rakapfava uye ruzha rwakakura. Iyo clarinet inoshandiswa kugadzira mimhanzi yemhando ipi neipi. Clarinetists vanogona kuita kwete chete solo, asiwo mumhanzi orchestra.

Nhoroondo yaro inodarika mazana mana emakore. Chishandiso chakagadzirwa muzana remakore rechi4-17. Zuva chairo rekuonekwa kwechishandiso harizivikanwe. Asi nyanzvi dzakawanda dzinobvumirana kuti clarinet yakasikwa muna 18 naJohann Christoph Denner. Aiva mhizha yezviridzwa zvehuni. Ndichiri kugadzirisa French Chalumeau, Denner akagadzira chiridzwa chitsva chemimhanzi chine huwandu hwakasiyana. Payakatanga kuoneka, chalumeau yakabudirira uye yakashandiswa zvakanyanya sechikamu chezviridzwa zve orchestra. Chalumeau Denner yakagadzirwa muchimiro chechubhu ine 7 maburi. Rudzi rwekutanga clarinet rwaingova octave imwe chete. Uye kuvandudza mhando, Denner akafunga kutsiva zvimwe zvinhu. Akashandisa rutsanga ndokubvisa pombi yetsvina. Kupfuurirazve, kuti uwane huwandu hwakasiyana, iyo clarinet yakaita shanduko dzakawanda dzekunze. Musiyano mukuru pakati pe clarinet uye chalumeau ivhavha iri kumashure kwechiridzwa. Ivhavha inobatwa chigunwe. Nekubatsirwa kwevhavha, huwandu hwe clarinet hunochinja kune yechipiri octave. Pakupera kwezana remakore rechi17, chalumeau uye clarinet zvakanga zvichishandiswa panguva imwe chete. Asi pakupera kwezana remakore rechi18, chalumeau yakanga isisina mukurumbira wayo.

Mushure mekufa kwaDenner, mwanakomana wake Jacob akagara nhaka yebhizinesi rake. Haana kusiya bhizinesi rababa vake uye akaenderera mberi nekugadzira nekuvandudza zviridzwa zvemhepo. Parizvino, kune 3 zviridzwa zvikuru mumamyuziyamu epasi. Zviridzwa zvake zvine mavharuvhu maviri. Clarinets ane 2 mavharuvhu akashandiswa kusvika muzana remakore rechi2. Muna 19 muimbi ane mukurumbira wokuAustria Paur akawedzera imwe vharuvhu kune yakanga iripo. Ivhavhavha yechina, panzvimbo yayo, yakashandura Brussels clarinetist Rottenberg. Muna 1760, Briton John Hale akasarudza kuisa valve yechishanu muchiridzwa. Ivhavha yechitanhatu yakawedzerwa neFrench clarinetist Jean-Xavier Lefebvre. Nekuda kweiyo shanduro itsva yechiridzwa chine mavharuvhu matanhatu yakagadzirwa.

Pakupera kwezana remakore rechi18, clarinet yakabatanidzwa mune urongwa hwezviridzwa zvemimhanzi. Kurira kwayo kunoenderana nehunyanzvi hwemuiti. Ivan Muller anoonekwa se virtuoso mutambi. Akashandura chimiro chemuromo. Shanduko iyi yakakanganisa ruzha rwetimbre uye renji. Uye kunyatsogadzirisa nzvimbo ye clarinet muindasitiri yemimhanzi.

Nhoroondo yekubuda kwechombo haigumiri ipapo. Muzana ramakore rechi 19, purofesa weConservatory Hyacinth Klose, pamwe chete nemuvambi wenziyo Louis-Auguste Buffet, vakavandudza chiridzwa ichi nekuisa mavharuvhu emhete. Clarinet yakadaro yainzi "French clarinet" kana "Boehm clarinet".

Dzimwe shanduko nemazano zvakaitwa naAdolphe Sax naEugène Albert.

Muvambi weGermany Johann Georg uye munyori weclarinetist Karl Berman vakapawo pfungwa dzavo. Vakashandura kushanda kwevhavha system. Nekuda kweizvi, chimiro cheGerman chechiridzwa chakaonekwa. Chimiro cheGermany chakasiyana zvikuru neshanduro yeFrench mukuti inoratidza simba rezwi panzvimbo yakakwirira. Kubva 1950, kufarirwa kwemuenzaniso weGermany kwakaderera zvakanyanya. Nokudaro, maAustria chete, maGermany neDutch vanoshandisa iyi clarinet. Uye kufarirwa kwechiFrench modhi kwakawedzera zvakanyanya.

Pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi20, kuwedzera kuGermany neFrench modhi, "Albert's clarinets" uye "chombo chaMark" chakatanga kugadzirwa. Mienzaniso yakadaro yaiva nehupamhi, iyo inosimudza inzwi kune yakakwirira octaves.

Panguva ino, shanduro yemazuva ano ye clarinet ine maitiro akaoma uye anenge makumi maviri mavharuvhu.