Nhoroondo yebhero

bhero - chiridzwa chinorohwa, chakaita dome, mukati macho mune rurimi. Inzwi rinobva mubhero rinobva pakubata kwerurimi kumadziro emudziyo. Kunewo mabhero asina rurimi; vanorohwa kubva kumusoro nesando yakakosha kana bhurogi. Zvinhu izvo chiridzwa chacho chinogadzirwa kunyanya ndarira, asi munguva yedu, mabhero anowanzogadzirwa negirazi, sirivha, uye kunyange simbi yakakandwa.Bhero chiridzwa chekare chekuimba. Bhero rekutanga rakaonekwa muChina muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX BC. Yakanga iri diki muhukuru, uye yakatsemurwa kubva kusimbi. Kwapera chinguva, muChina, vakasarudza kugadzira chiridzwa chaizova nemabhero gumi nemaviri ehukuru hwakasiyana uye madhayamita. Chiridzwa chakadaro chaisiyaniswa neruzha rwacho rwakasiyana-siyana uye ruvara.

MuEurope, chiridzwa chakafanana nebhero chakaonekwa zviuru zvemakore gare gare kupfuura muChina, uye chainzi carillon. Vanhu vairarama mumazuva iwayo vaiona chiridzwa ichi sechiratidzo chechipegani. Zvikuru nekuda kwengano nezve bhero rekare riri muGermany, iro rainzi "Pig production". Maererano nengano, boka renguruve rakawana iri bhero mumurwi mukuru wemadhaka. Vanhu vakaiisa mukurongeka, vakaiturika pabhero shongwe, asi bhero rakatanga kuratidza chimwe "chihedheni chechimiro", hachina kuita chero ruzha kusvikira yatsveneswa nevapristi veko. Mazana amakore akapfuura uye muchechi dzeOrthodox dzeEurope, mabhero akava chiratidzo chokutenda, kunokorwa kwamashoko kwakakurumbira muMagwaro Matsvene kwakarohwa paari.

Mabhero muRussia

MuRussia, kutaridzika kwebhero rekutanga kwakaitika mukupera kwezana ramakore rechi XNUMX, kanenge panguva imwe chete nekugamuchirwa kwechiKristu. Pakasvika pakati pezana ramakore rechi XNUMX, vanhu vakatanga kukanda mabhero makuru, sezvo mafekitori ekunyungudutsa simbi aionekwa.

Pakarira mabhero, vanhu vaiungana kuti vanamate, kana kuti paveche. MuRussia, chiridzwa ichi chakagadzirwa nehukuru hunoshamisa. ine ruzha rwakanyanya uye rwakaderera zvikuru, kurira kwebhero rakadaro kwakanzwika kune marefu marefu (muenzaniso weiyi "Tsar Bell" yakaitwa muna 1654, iyo yairema matani 130 uye inzwi rayo rakatakura kupfuura makiromita manomwe). Pakutanga kwezana ramakore rechi 7, pakanga paine mabhero anosvika 5-6 paMoscow bhero shongwe, imwe neimwe yairema mazana mashanu masendi, bhero rimwechete chete rakasangana nazvo.

Mabhero echiRussia ainzi "mutauro", sezvo ruzha kubva kwavari rwakabva pakusunungura rurimi. Muzviridzwa zveEurope, ruzha rwakabva mukusunungura bhero pacharo, kana kubva pakurirova nesando yakakosha. Uku kurambwa kwechokwadi chekuti mabhero ekereke akauya kuRussia achibva kunyika dzekuMadokero. Mukuwedzera, iyi nzira yekukanganisa yakaita kuti zvikwanise kuchengetedza bhero kubva pakuparadzaniswa, izvo zvakabvumira vanhu kuisa mabhero ehukuru hunoshamisa.

Mabhero muRussia yemazuva ano

Nhasi, mabhero anoshandiswa kwete mumabhero shongwe chete, zvinorangarirwa sezviridzwa zvizere zvine mwero wakati wenzwi. Mumhanzi, anoshandiswa muhukuru hwakasiyana, iyo maduku bhero, iyo yakakwirira inzwi rayo. Vaimbi vanoshandisa chiridzwa ichi kusimbisa mutinhimira. Kurira kwemabhero madiki kwaidiwa kushandiswa muzvisikwa zvavo nevanyori vakaita saHandel naBach. Nekufamba kwenguva, seti yemabhero madiki aive akashongedzerwa nekhibhodi yakakosha, iyo yakaita kuti zvive nyore kushandisa. Chiridzwa chakadaro chakashandiswa mu opera The Magic Flute.