Bela Andreevna Rudenko |

Bela Rudenko

Pakati pemabasa emuimbi wekuLatvia Leo Kokle, pane mufananidzo webhuruu pastel mavara akapfava anokwezva kutarisisa. Pachiso chakanatswa, maziso akajeka akakura, akasvibira, anoteerera, anobvunza uye achishushikana. Uyu mufananidzo wePeople's Artist yeUSSR BA Rudenko. Leo Coquelet, muimbi anocherekedza uye anofunga, akakwanisa kubata chinhu chikuru chinosiyanisa chimiro chake - chikadzi, kupfava, rwiyo uye, panguva imwecheteyo, kugadzikana, kuzvidzora, chinangwa. Kurukwa kwezvakadai, pekutanga kuona, zvinhu zvinopokana zvakagadzira ivhu rakaorera iro tarenda rakajeka uye rekutanga rakakurira ...

Muimbi wekugadzira biography akatanga paOdessa Conservatory, apo, achitungamirirwa naBlagovidova, akadzidza zvakavanzika zvekutanga zvemimhanzi, akatora zvidzidzo zvekutanga zvehupenyu. Mutevedzeri weBela Rudenko akasiyaniswa nekunaka uye nemafungiro akangwarira kune muimbi, asi panguva imwe chete, kunyatsogadzirisa. Aida kuzvipira kwakakwana mubasa, kukwanisa kuisa zvinhu zvose muupenyu kune basa remu museum. Uye apo muimbi wechidiki muna 1957 akava mukundi paVI World Festival yeDemocratic Youth and Students, agamuchira menduru yegoridhe uye kukokwa kumitambo yekonzati muMoscow neLeningrad naTito Skipa, akaitora senzira yekubuda nayo kumugwagwa wakafara. , izvo zvinomanikidza zvakawanda.

Wese tenzi wechokwadi anoratidzirwa nekusagadzikana, kusagutsikana nezvakaitwa, mushoko, chimwe chinhu chinokurudzira kugara uchiongorora uye kutsvaga kwekugadzira. Izvi ndizvo chaizvo hunyanzvi hweBela Andreevna. Mushure mekoniti inotevera kana kuita, unosangana neakakomba, akaunganidzwa interlocutor akamirira kuongororwa kwakasimba uye kwechokwadi, ongororo iyo, pamwe, ichapa kukurudzira kune mitsva mitsva uye zvitsva zvinowanikwa. Muchiitiko ichi chisingagumi chekuongorora, mukutsvaga nguva dzose, pane chakavanzika chekuvandudzwa uye vechidiki vekugadzira vemhizha.

"Bela Rudenko akakura kubva pakuita basa kuenda kune rimwe basa, kubva pakuita basa kusvika pakuita. Kufamba kwake kwaifamba zvishoma nezvishoma - pasina kusvetuka, asi pasina kuputsika. Kukwira kwake kuOlympus yemimhanzi kwave kwakadzikama; haana kukurumidza kukwira, asi akasimuka, achiomesa musoro achikunda hurefu hutsva mubato idzva rega rega, uye ndicho chikonzero unyanzvi hwake hwepamusoro uye kubudirira kwake kunoshamisa zviri nyore uye nechivimbo, "akanyora kudaro Purofesa V. Tolba nezvemuimbi.

Pachikuva, Bela Andreevna ane mwero uye zvisikwa, uye iyi ndiyo nzira yaanokunda nayo vateereri, inoshandura kuva shamwari yake yekusika. Hapana kukanganisa uye kuiswa kwezvavanoda. Panzvimbo pezvo, mufaro wokunzwira tsitsi, mugariro wokuvimba zvizere. Zvose zvave zvichirarama kwemakore anopfuura zana, Rudenko anogara achizvizarurira iye uye kune vamwe sepeji itsva muupenyu, sechizaruro.

Matambiro emuimbi anogadzira ratidziro yekureruka, hunhu, sekunge izvozvi, miniti ino, pfungwa yemunyori iri kumutsiridzwa pamberi pemeso avo - mufirigree furemu, mune zvese zvekutanga. MuRudenko's repertoire kune mazana erudo, anenge ese coloratura opera zvikamu, uye kune rimwe nerimwe basa anowana nzira kwayo, inoenderana neyayo stylistic uye manzwiro chimiro. Muimbi uyu anoenderana nenziyo dzenziyo, dzakapendwa nematoni akapfava, uye virtuoso, uye zvinoshamisa, mimhanzi inoshamisa.

Basa rekutanga raRudenko raive Gilda kubva kuVerdi's Rigoletto, yakaitwa paKyiv Shevchenko Opera uye Ballet Theatre. Iwo ekutanga maitirwo airatidza kuti muimbi wechidiki ainzwa nekusaziva kwese kwekutanga kwechimiro cheVerdi - kutaura kwayo uye mapurasitiki, kufema kwakafara kwecantilena, kuputika kutaura, musiyano wekuchinja. Akadzivirirwa nababa vane hanya uye vane rudo, heroine wechidiki weBela Rudenko anovimba uye asina ruzivo. Paanotanga kuoneka pachikuva - mucheche, akareruka, anomhanyisa - zvinoratidzika kwatiri kuti hupenyu hwake hunoyerera zvishoma, pasina kupokana uye kunetseka. Asi nechekare kubva pane zvisingafungidzirwe kufara kwekushushikana kwaanoedza kudana baba vake kuti vataure pachena, tinonzwisisa kuti kunyange muchiitiko ichi chakanyarara chemutambi Gilda haasi mwana asina hanya, asi musungwa asingadi, uye kunakidzwa kwake kunongova. nzira yekuziva chakavanzika pamusoro paamai, chakavanzika chinofukidza imba.

Muimbi akakwanisa kupa mucherechedzo chaiwo kumutsara wega wega wemumhanzi wemutambo weVerdi. Kutendeseka kwakadini, mufaro unokurumidza kunzwika muariya yeGilda murudo! Uye gare gare, apo Gilda anoona kuti anongova munhu akabatwa, muongorori anoratidza unhu hwake hunotya, kuvhiringidzika, asi kwete kuputsika. Achichema, akaonda, abva akura uye aunganidzwa, anoenda kurufu.

Kubva pamitambo yekutanga, muimbi akarwira kugadzirwa kwakakura kwechifananidzo chega chega, kuburitswa kwerwiyo rwekutanga kuburikidza nekunetsana kwakaoma kwevatambi, kusvika pakuongorora chero mamiriro ehupenyu kuburikidza nekupokana kwekupokana.

Chinonyanya kufarira kumuiti wacho raiva basa raNatasha Rostova muProkofiev's opera War and Peace. Kwakanga kuri madikanwa kunzwisisa mufungo wouzivi hwomunyori nomunyori uye, kuutevera chaizvoizvo, panguva imwe cheteyo uchidziya chifananidzo nechiono chomunhu amene, chimiro chomunhu amene pamusoro pacho. Achidzokorora hunhu hwakasarudzika hwegamba raTolstoy, Rudenko akaruka nhetembo dzakareruka uye kuvhiringika kunorwadza, rudo rwerudo uye hukadzi hwepurasitiki kuita chinhu chisingaparadzaniswe. Inzwi rake, rinoshamisa murunako rwaro uye runako, rakaratidza mukuzara kwayo mafambiro epedyo uye anofadza emweya waNatasha.

Muarias, arios, duets, kudziya uye kusviba, shungu uye kutapwa kwakanzwika. Izvo zvakanaka zvakafanana zvechimiro chevakadzi zvichasimbiswa naRudenko mumabasa ake anotevera: Violetta (Verdi's La Traviata), Marita (Rimsky-Korsakov's The Tsar's Bride), Glinka's Lyudmila.

Maonero akawedzerwa emamiriro edariro, kuita pakarepo kuita kunopfumisa kwete chete zvinoshamisa, asiwo hunyanzvi hwekutaura hwemuimbi. Uye mabasa aanoita anogara achikwezva nekuvimbika uye kuita zvakasiyana.

Bela Rudenko ane zvizere chipo chinoshamisa chakakosha kune muimbi - hunyanzvi hwekuzvarwa patsva. Anoziva "kutarisa" vanhu, anoziva kubata, kubata hupenyu mukusiyana kwahwo uye kusiyana-siyana kuitira kuti gare gare aratidze kuoma kwahwo kunoshamisa uye runako mubasa rake.

Chimwe nechimwe chezvikamu zvakagadzirirwa naBela Rudenko zvine imwe nzira yerudo nenzira inokosha. Mazhinji emagamba ake akabatanidzwa nekuchena uye kuchena kwemanzwiro, uye zvakadaro ese ese ekutanga uye akasiyana.

Ngatiyeuke, semuenzaniso, basa raRosina muRossini's The Barber yeSeville - pasina mubvunzo rimwe remabasa anoshamisa uye asingakanganwike emuimbi. Rudenko achangotanga iyo yakakurumbira cavatina, uye tsitsi dzedu dzatova zvachose parutivi rwe heroine yake - inoshamisira, yakatsauka, ine hunyanzvi.

“Ini ndinoshaya zvokuita…” anodaro zvinotapira uye neshungu, uye pasina kudzvinyirirwa kuseka kunoparura mazwi; “ane moyo wakapfava…” – anoseka achipararira semabhindauko (haana kupusa-moyo, iyi diki imp!). “Uye ndinobvuma,” inzwi rinopuruzira rinogunun’una, uye tinonzwa kuti: “Edza, ndibate!”

Maviri "buts" ari mu cavatina maitiro maviri akasiyana: "asi," Rosina anoimba zvinyoronyoro, "uye ndiko kutanga kwehungwaru; anoita seari kutarisa muvengi asingaoneki. Yechipiri "asi" ipfupi uye inopenya nekukurumidza, sekurova. Rozina-Rudenko haanyatso kujeka kune wese munhu, asi kuti anogona kurovera zvinyoro zvinyoro sei, kuparadza zvakanaka sei chero munhu anomukanganisa! Rosina wake azere nehupenyu, kuseka, anonakidzwa nemamiriro ezvinhu aripo uye anoziva zvakakwana kuti achabuda mukundi, nekuti ane chinangwa.

Bela Rudenko mune chero basa raanoita anodzivirira magungano uye clichés. Anotarisa zviratidzo zvechokwadi mumufananidzo wese wakabatanidzwa, anoedza kuunza pedyo sezvinobvira kumuoni wanhasi. Nokudaro, apo aifanira kushanda padivi raLyudmila, rakanga riri basa rinofadza, kunyange rakaoma zvikuru.

Gore ra1971 rakanga rakakosha kuna Bela Andreevna, apo opera Ruslan naLyudmila vakanga vachigadzirirwa kuratidzwa paBolshoi Theater yeU.SR. Bela Rudenko panguva iyoyo aiva soloist Kyiv Theater of Opera uye Ballet ainzi pashure TG Shevchenko. Chiitiko cheBolshoi Theatre chaizivikanwa nemuimbi kubva pamitambo yekushanya. Muscovites akarangarira Violetta wake, Rosina, Natasha. Panguva ino muimbi akakokwa kuti atore chikamu mukugadzirwa kweOpera yaGlinka.

Kudzidzira kwakawanda, misangano nevaimbi vane mukurumbira weBolshoi Theatre, nemakondakita akakura kuita mubatanidzwa unodziya wekugadzira.

Kuita kwacho kwakarongwa neakanakisa tenzi we opera stage director B. Pokrovsky, uyo akafumisa epic, fairy-tale style ye opera nemhando uye zvinhu zvezuva nezuva. Kunzwisisa kwakakwana kwakasimbiswa pakarepo pakati pemuimbi nemutungamiriri. Mutungamiriri akataura kuti mutambi wacho asiya zvachose kududzirwa kwakajairika mukududzirwa kwemufananidzo. Iyo itsva Lyudmila inofanira kunge iri yePushkinian uye panguva imwechete yazvino zvikuru. Kwete epically-imwe-dimensional, asi ine hupenyu, ine simba: kutamba, kushinga, hunyengeri, pamwe kunyangwe kushoma. Aya ndiwo maitiro aanoita pamberi pedu mukuita kwaBela Rudenko, uye muimbi anoona kuzvipira uye kutendeseka sechinhu chikuru muhunhu hwegamba rake.

Ludmila ane maitiro ake kune mumwe nemumwe wevatambi vari mu opera. Apa akarara pasofa achirota zvemashiripiti uye akaerekana asundidzira kure ruoko rwaFarlaf ruchienda kwaari nechitsitsinho chake. Asi nenyemwerero yakavanzika, anotamba achibata waakarongerwa nezvigunwe kumusana - kamwe kamwe, kwechinguva, asi kubata chaiko. Kunaka kwekushanduka kubva kumood kuenda kumood, kureruka uye nhetembo zvakabatsira mukugadzirwa kwechifananidzo chisina kujairika uye chepurasitiki. Zvinoda kuziva kuti Lyudmila Bela Rudenko asati adzidza nzira yekukwevera tambo yeuta nemukurumbira, muimbi akadzidzira kureba uye zvakaoma kusvika mafambisirwo emaoko ake ave nenyasha uye panguva imwechete aine chivimbo.

Runako uye runako rwehunhu hwaLyudmila hunoratidzwa nekujeka kunoshamisa muchiitiko chechitatu che opera. Pakati pemagadheni anoyevedza eChernomor, anoimba rwiyo "Share-dolushka". Rwiyo rwacho runonzwika rwakapfava uye rwuri nyore, uye chiitiko chese chemweya wekufungidzira chinouya kuhupenyu. Rudenko anotora heroine yake kunze kwenyika yengano, uye rwiyo urwu runomutsa ndangariro dzemaruva emusango, enzvimbo yeRussia. Lyudmila anoimba, sokunge ari oga naiye, achivimba zvisikwa nekutambudzika kwake uye zviroto. Izwi rake rakajeka rinonzwika rinodziya uye rakapfava. Lyudmila anotendwa zvikuru, ari pedyo nesu, zvokuti zvinoratidzika kuti iye anorarama panguva yedu, ane utsinye, ane rudo, anokwanisa kufara nomwoyo wose, akashinga kupinda muhondo. Bela Andreevna akakwanisa kugadzira chifananidzo chakadzika, chinonakidza uye panguva imwechete inoyevedza.

Vepepanhau nevateereri vakatenda zvikuru basa remuimbi uyu. Hezvino izvo mutsoropodzi A. Kandinsky akanyora pamusoro pake mushure mekutanga ("Soviet Music", 1972, No. 12): "Mumutambo wekutanga, tenzi anozivikanwa B. Rudenko (soloist weKyiv State Academic Opera Theatre) anoimba Lyudmila. Kune akakosha maficha mukuimba kwake nekutamba - hudiki, hutsva, pfungwa yekukurumidza yekunaka. Mufananidzo waakagadzira wakawanda, uzere nehupenyu. Lyudmila wake anoyevedza, akatendeseka, anoshanduka, ane nyasha. Nekutendeseka kwechokwadi kwechiSlavic uye kudziya, mazwi ane ruzha ekuti "farewell" yecavatina inoyerera, "isingaperi" mutinhimira weari kubva pachiito chechina unofema nesimba uye nesimba rekuzvikudza kutsiura kune anoba anonyengera ("Mad Wizard"). Rudenko anobudirirawo munguva dzemabiko: zvikumbiro zvekunyepedzera, "Usatsamwa, muenzi anokudzwa", zvinoyevedza zvinoitwa nenzira "yekutaura", mazwi matatu erwiyo rwekutanga rwecavatina ("... ) Inzwi remuimbi rinomhanya zvakasununguka uye zviri nyore mune yakanyanya kuoma coloratura, pasina kurasikirwa nerunako rwayo mavari. Inokwezva nekupfava kwayo, "legacy" ye cantilena.

Kubva 1972, Bela Rudenko ave ari soloist neBolshoi Theatre. Chikamu chinotevera, chakanyatsobatanidzwa mune repertoire yake, chaiva Marita muRimsky-Korsakov opera The Tsar's Bride. Yakanga iri, sekunge, kuenderera kwegalari yemifananidzo inonakidza yevakadzi vechiRussia. Marita wake mune dzimwe nzira ndiye heiress weLyudmila - mukuchena kwemanzwiro ake, muunyoro, kutendeseka uye kuzvipira. Asi kana Lyudmila ari ngano yakamutswa, ipapo Marfa ndiye heroine yemutambo wepfungwa, munhu wezvakaitika kare. Uye muimbi haakanganwi nezvazvo kweminiti.

Upfumi hwepfungwa, kuimba kwakafara, kupenya kwenziyo kutanga - zvese zviri hunhu hwechikoro cheUkraine chemazwi uye chinodiwa kumuimbi - zvese izvi zvakabatanidzwa mumufananidzo waMarita waakagadzira.

Marita wake ndiye munhu wechibairo. Muchikamu chekupedzisira, apo mukukanganwa anotendeukira kuna Gryaznoy nemashoko erudo, achimuti "Vanya anodiwa", paanotaura zvinosuruvarisa achiti: "Uya mangwana, Vanya", chiitiko chose chinova chinosuruvarisa zvikuru. Uye zvakadaro hamuna kusviba kana kufirwa mariri. Munyoro uye anodedera Marita anopera, achitaura zvinyoro uye nemufaro nekugomera kwakareruka: "Iwe uri mupenyu, Ivan Sergeyich," uye Snow Maiden anozviratidza pamberi pameso ake, nekusuwa kwake kwakajeka uye kwakanyarara.

Chiitiko cherufu rwaMarfa Rudenko chinoita zvinoshamisa zvisinganzwisisiki uye nemweya, neunyanzvi hukuru. Pasina chikonzero, paakaimba nziyo yaMartha kuMexico, vaongorori vakanyora nezvokunzwika kweinzwi rake kudenga. Marita haashori ani zvake nokuda kworufu rwake, nzvimbo iri kupera izere nokujekerwa kworugare nokuchena.

Chokutanga pane zvose, muimbi we opera, Bela Andreevna Rudenko anoziva nzira yekushanda paimba repertoire nechido chakafanana, nekuzvipira kwakakwana. Nokuda kwekuita kwezvirongwa zvekonzati muna 1972, akapiwa Mubayiro weHurumende weUSSR.

Chimwe nechimwe chezvirongwa zvake zvitsva zvinosiyaniswa nekunyatsofungisisa. Muimbi anokwanisa kuvaka "asingaoneki" mabhiriji pakati penziyo dzevanhu, Russian, Ukrainian uye ekunze classics uye mimhanzi yemazuva ano. Anopindura zvakasimba kune zvose zvitsva, zvakakodzera kutariswa, uye mune yekare anoziva nzira yekuwana chimwe chinhu chiri pedyo nemweya uye mafungiro emazuva ano.

USA, Brazil, Mexico, France, Sweden, Japan… Geography yenzendo dzekugadzira dzaBela Rudenko nemitambo yemakonzati yakakura zvikuru. Akatenderera Japan katanhatu. Vepepanhau vakati: “Kana uchida kunzwa kuti maparera anomonereka sei pavelvet, teerera kuimba kwaBela Rudenko.”

Mune ino yekuda kuziva uye ine mavara juxtaposition, ini ndinoona kuongororwa kwekugona kwemuimbi kugadzira inogutsa uye yakakwana yehunyanzvi chifananidzo chine laconic nzira, chifananidzo chine zvese uye chisina zvakawandisa.

Hezvino izvo I. Strazhenkova anonyora nezveBela Andreevna Rudenko mubhuku rinonzi Masters of the Bolshoi Theater. "Chokwadi chehunyanzvi hwepamusoro chinotakurwawo mukuimba kwake naBela Rudenko, tenzi anozivikanwa wezwi uye dariro, ane yakanaka coloratura soprano, ane dhizaini, kuita, inzwi, timbre siyana ... Chinhu chikuru mumufananidzo wekugadzira. weBela Rudenko aive uye anoramba ari runako rwemukati, hunhu hunodziya hunyanzvi hwemuimbi uyu. "

Kurongeka kwenyanzvi kunoenderana uye kune musoro. Kuita nguva dzose kunoiswa kune imwe pfungwa, yakajeka. Muzita rake, anoramba kushongedza kunoshamisa kwebasa racho, haafariri multicolor uye variegation. Basa raRudenko, mukuona kwangu, rakafanana neunyanzvi hwe ikebana - kuitira kusimbisa kunaka kweruva rimwe, unoda kusiya mamwe akawanda.

“Bela Rudenko muimbi wecoloratura soprano, asi akabudirirawo kuimba zvikamu zvinokatyamadza, uye izvi zvinonakidza zvakanyanya… Mukuita kwake, chiitiko chaLucia anobva kuopera yaDonizetti “Lucia di Lammermoor” chaive chizere nehupenyu hwakadaro uye huchokwadi hwandakanga ndisati ndambonzwa. pamberi” , - akanyora Arthur Bloomfield, muongorori weimwe yemapepanhau eSan Francisco. Uye Harriet Johnson munyaya inoti "Rudenko - arare coloratura" anodana inzwi remuimbi "rakajeka uye rinonakidza, senyere inofadza nzeve dzedu" ("New York Post").

Muimbi wacho anoenzanisa mimhanzi yepakamuri nenguva yakanaka: “Inobvumira mutambi kuti amire panguva ino, ambotura befu, atarise mukati-kati memwoyo womunhu, kuyemura zvinhu zvisinganyatsooneki.”

Nekuzvidira, kuita kwaBela Rudenko kwerudo rwaCornelius "One Sound" kunouya mupfungwa, umo budiriro yese inovakwa pane imwe noti. Uye mavara mangani ekufananidzira, ezwi chete anounzwa nemuimbi pakuita kwake! Kupfava kunoshamisa kwakadii uye panguva imwechete kuzara kweruzha, kutenderera uye kudziya, kuenzana kwakadii kwemutsara, kurongeka kweizwi, kutetepa zvine hunyanzvi, pianissimo yakapfava!

Hazvisi zvisinganzwisisiki kuti Bela Andreevna anotaura kuti unyanzvi hwekamuri hunomubvumira kutarisa mukati memakona emwoyo wemunhu. Ari padyo zvakaenzana nemutambo wezuva weMassenet's Sevillana, Cui's Bolero uye mutambo unonakidza wenziyo dzaSchumann uye rudo rwaRachmaninov.

Iyo opera inokwezva muimbi neanoshanda chiito uye chiyero. Mumukamuri yake yehunyanzvi, anotendeukira kune madiki madiki emvura sketches, neruremekedzo rwavo rwerwiyo uye kudzika kwepfungwa. Semuvengi wepasi mumifananidzo yezvakasikwa, saka muimbi muzvirongwa zvekonti anoedza kuratidza munhu mune hupfumi hwese hwehupenyu hwake hwemweya.

Kuitwa kwega kwega kwePeople's Artist yeUSSR Bela Andreevna Rudenko anozivisa kune vateereri nyika yakanaka uye yakaoma, izere nemufaro nekufunga, kusuruvara uye kunetseka - nyika inopesana, inonakidza, inonakidza.

Basa remuimbi pachikamu che opera kana kamuri yekuumbwa - nguva dzose inofunga, inogara yakasimba - inogona kufananidzwa nebasa remunyori wemitambo uyo anotsvaka kwete kunzwisisa hupenyu hwevanhu chete, asiwo kuhupfumisa neunyanzvi hwake.

Uye kana izvi zvikabudirira, zvino chii chingava mufaro mukuru kune muimbi, kune muimbi uyo anovavarira kukwana, kuhwina mitsva mitsva uye zvakawanikwa zvinogara uye zvisingamisiki!

Kunobva: Omelchuk L. Bela Rudenko. // Vaimbi veBolshoi Theatre yeUSSR. Mifananidzo gumi nerimwe. – M.: Mimhanzi, 1978. – p. 145–160.