Manuel de Falla |

Falla's Manual

Ndinovavarira unyanzvi hwakasimba sezvahuri nyore, husina maturo uye udyire. Chinangwa chehunyanzvi ndechekugadzira manzwiro mune ese maficha, uye haigone uye haifanirwe kuve nechimwe chinangwa. M. de Falla

M. de Falla muimbi ane mukurumbira wechiSpanish wezana ramakore rechi XNUMX. - mubasa rake akagadzira maitiro ezvakanaka zveF. Pedrel - mutungamiri wemafungiro uye murongi wesangano rekumutsidzira tsika yemimhanzi yenyika yeSpain (Renacimiento). Pakutanga kweXIX-XX mazana emakore. Bato iri rakatambira zvakasiyana-siyana zvehupenyu hwenyika. Vatambi veRenacimiento (vanyori, vaimbi, vaimbi) vakatsvaga kubvisa tsika dzechiSpanish pakumira, kumutsiridza mavambo avo, uye kusimudza mimhanzi yenyika kusvika pamwero wezvikoro zvepamusoro zvevaimbi vekuEurope. Falla, sevamwe vepanguva yake - vanyori I. Albeniz naE. Granados, vakatsvaga kuisa maitiro ekunaka eRenacimiento mubasa rake.

Falla akawana zvidzidzo zvake zvekutanga zvemimhanzi kubva kuna amai vake. Akabva atora zvidzidzo zvepiyano kubva kuna X. Trago, kubva kwaari akazodzidza kuMadrid Conservatory, kwaakadzidzawo kuwirirana uye counterpoint. Pazera remakore gumi nemana, Falla akanga atotanga kunyora mabasa eimba-instrumental ensemble, uye muna 14-1897. akanyora zvidimbu zvepiyano uye 1904 zarzuelas. Fallu yakave nezvibereko pamakore ekudzidza naPedrel (5-1902), uyo akatungamira munyori wechidiki pakudzidza kweSpanish folklore. Somugumisiro, basa rokutanga rinokosha rakaonekwa - opera A Short Life (04). Yakanyorwa pachiitiko chinoshamisa chehupenyu hwechivanhu, ine mifananidzo inotaura uye ine chokwadi chepfungwa, ane mavara emamiriro ekunze. Opera iyi yakapihwa mubairo wekutanga pamakwikwi eMadrid Academy of Fine Arts muna 1905. Mugore rimwe chetero, Falla akahwina mubairo wekutanga pamakwikwi epiyano muMadrid. Anopa makonti akawanda, anopa piyano zvidzidzo, anonyora.

Chakanyanya kukosha pakuwedzera maonero eunyanzvi aFalla uye kuvandudza hunyanzvi hwake kwaive kugara kwake muParis (1907-14) uye kutaurirana kwehunyanzvi nevanyori vakatanhamara veFrance C. Debussy naM. Ravel. Pakuraira kwaP. Duke muna 1912, Falla akagadziridza zvakare chibodzwa che opera "Hupenyu Hupfupi", iyo yakazoitwa muNice neParis. Muna 1914, munyori akadzokera kuMadrid, uko, pane zvaanoda, sangano remimhanzi rakagadzirwa kusimudzira mimhanzi yekare uye yemazuva ano yevanyori veSpain. Zviitiko zvinosuruvarisa zveHondo Yenyika Yokutanga zvinoratidzwa mu "Munamato wevanaamai vakabata vanakomana vavo mumaoko avo" nokuda kwezwi uye piano (1914).

Muna 1910-20. Maitiro aFalla anotora kukwana. Iyo organically inosanganisa zvakawanikwa zvemumhanzi weWestern Europe nemitambo yenyika yeSpanish mimhanzi. Izvi zvaive zvakamisikidzwa zvine hunyoro mukutenderera kwezwi "Nziyo nomwe dzeSpanish Folk" (1914), mune imwe-chiito pantomime ballet nekuimba "Love the Magician" (1915), iyo inoratidza mifananidzo yehupenyu hweSpanish gypsies. Mune symphonic zvinoonekwa (maererano nezita remunyori) "Nights in the Gardens of Spain" yepiyano uye orchestra (1909-15), Falla anosanganisa hunhu hweFrench impressionism neSpanish hwaro. Somugumisiro wekubatana naS. Diaghilev, ballet "Cocked Hat" yakaonekwa, iyo yakazozivikanwa zvikuru. Vanhu vakatanhamara vetsika vakadai semunyori wenziyo L. Massine, conductor E. Ansermet, muimbi P. Picasso akatora chikamu mukugadzira uye kuita kwebhallet. Falla anowana chiremera pachiyero cheEurope. Pakukumbira kwemuimbi wepiyano akatanhamara A. Rubinstein, Falla anonyora chidimbu chakanakisa virtuoso "Betic Fantasy", zvichibva pamadingindira echiAndalusian. Inoshandisa maitiro ekutanga anobva kuSpanish gitare kuita.

Kubva 1921, Falla akagara muGranada, uko, pamwe chete naF. Garcia Lorca, muna 1922 akaronga Mutambo weCante Jondo, uyo waiva neruzhinji rwevanhu. MuGranada, Falla akanyora basa rekutanga remimhanzi uye yemitambo Maestro Pedro's Pavilion (yakabva pane imwe yezvitsauko zveDon Quixote naM. Cervantes), iyo inobatanidza zvinhu zve opera, pantomime ballet uye puppet show. Mimhanzi yebasa iri inomiririra zvimiro zvengano dzeCastile. Kuma20s. mubasa raFalla, maitiro e neoclassicism anoratidzwa. Zvinonyatsooneka muConcerto ye clavicembalo, nyere, oboe, clarinet, violin uye cello (1923-26), yakatsaurirwa kune akakurumbira wePolish harpsichordist W. Landdowska. Kwemakore akawanda, Falla akashanda padanho repamusoro cantata Atlantis (zvichibva padetembo raJ. Verdaguer y Santalo). Yakapedzwa nemudzidzi wemunyori E. Alfter uye yakaitwa se oratorio muna 1961, uye se opera yakaitwa paLa Scala muna 1962. Mumakore ake ekupedzisira, Falla aigara kuArgentina, kwaakamanikidzwa kutama kubva kuFrancoist Spain. muna 1939.

Mimhanzi yaFalla kekutanga inomiririra hunhu hweSpanish mukuratidzwa kwayo kwenyika, isina zvachose kubva pamiganhu yenzvimbo. Basa rake rakaisa mimhanzi yeSpanish pachikamu nezvimwe zvikoro zvekuWestern Europe uye rakaita kuti azivikanwe pasi rese.

V. Ilyeva