Galina Ivanovna Ustvolskaya |

Galina Ustvolskaya

Mumiriri wekutanga wemumhanzi mutsva wepashure pehondo muSoviet Union. Galina Ustvolskaya akatanga kugadzira zvinyorwa zvake, zvakanyorwa mumutauro wakanyatsogadzirwa mumhanzi, atova mukupera kwema1940 - kutanga kwema1950 - uye nokudaro akatanga basa rake makore gumi nehafu zvisati zvaitika kupfuura vanyori vechizvarwa chemakumi matanhatu, avo vakasvika pakukura kwekugadzira makore "thaw." Hupenyu hwake hwese akaramba ari mheta, mutorwa aive asiri weimwe yezvikoro kana mapoka ekugadzira.

Ustvolskaya akaberekwa muna 1919 muPetrograd. Muna 1937-47. akadzidza kuumbwa naShostakovich paLeningrad Conservatory. Nenguva yakazopera, iyo yakanyanyisa uye panguva imwechete inonyatsoratidza mutauro weUstvolskaya wakanga watogadzirwa. Mumakore iwayo, akagadzirawo akati wandei mabasa eorchestra, ayo achiri kupinda mumhando yepamusoro yemhando yemimhanzi yeSoviet. Pakati pevaimbi venziyo idzi ndiEvgeny Mravinsky.

Mukupera kwema1950, Ustvolskaya akabva kumudzidzisi wake, akasiya zvachose kukanganisa kwekugadzira uye akararama hupenyu hwekuzvimirira, asina kupfuma zvakanyanya muzviitiko zvekunze. Kweanoda kusvika hafu yezana remakore rekugadzira, akasika zvinyorwa makumi maviri neshanu chete. Dzimwe nguva makore anoverengeka akapfuura pakati pekuonekwa kwemabasa ake matsva. Iye pachake akatenda kuti aigona kusika chete paakanzwa kuti Mwari aimuudza mimhanzi. Kubva kuma25, mazita emabasa eUstvolskaya akasimbisa zvakajeka mararamiro avo ehupenyu uye emweya, ane zvinyorwa zvechitendero. "Zvinyorwa zvangu hazvisi zvechitendero, asi pasina mubvunzo zvemweya, nokuti mavari ndakazvipa zvose: mweya wangu, moyo wangu," Ustvolskaya akazodaro mune imwe yevasingawanzobvunzurudzo.

Ustvolskaya chinhu chakanyanya kuPetersburg. Aisagona kufungidzira hupenyu hwake pasina guta raakaberekerwa uye anenge asina kumborisiya. Manzwiro e "kuchema kubva pasi pevhu", iyo inozadza akawanda emabasa ake, zviri pachena inotsvaga mutsara wayo kune phantoms yeGogol, Dostoevsky uye Kharms. Mune imwe yetsamba dzake, munyori wacho akati basa rake rakanga riri “mimhanzi inobva mugomba dema.” Mazhinji enziyo dzeUstvolskaya dzakanyorerwa madiki asi kazhinji asina kujairika ensembles. Kusanganisira - ese akatevera symphonies (1979-90) uye mabasa aakadaidza kuti "compositions" (1970-75). Semuenzaniso, vatambi vana chete vanotora chikamu mune yake Fourth Symphony (Munamato, 1987), asi Ustvolskaya akaramba zvachose kudana mabasa aya "mumhanzi wekamuri" - manzwiro avo emweya uye emimhanzi ane simba. Ngatitorei mashoko emunyori Georgy Dorokhov (1984-2013), akafa nguva isati yakwana (basa rake rinogona kuonekwa nenzira dzakawanda senhaka yemweya ye "extreme hermitage" yaUstvolskaya): "Kunyanya kusaenzana, kusaenzana kwezvinyorwa hazvitibvumiri. kuvadaidza kuti chamber. Uye chiridzwa chakaganhurirwa chinobva mukufunga kwemunyori akadzamisa pfungwa, izvo zvisingatombotenderi pfungwa yezvisingakoshi chete, asi zvinyorwa zvekuwedzera.

Kuzivikanwa chaiko kwakauya kuUstvolskaya mukupera kwema1980, apo vaimbi vane mukurumbira vekune dzimwe nyika vakanzwa nziyo dzake muLeningrad. Mumakore ekuma1990 - 2000s, mitambo yakawanda yepasi rose yemimhanzi yaUstvolskaya yakaitika (muAmsterdam, Vienna, Bern, Warsaw nemamwe maguta eEurope), uye imba yekudhinda yeHamburg Sikorski yakawana kodzero yekudhinda mabasa ake ose. Creativity Ustvolskaya yakava nyaya yekutsvakurudza uye dissertations. Panguva imwecheteyo, nzendo dzokutanga dzemunyori dzakaitika kunze kwenyika, apo vaimbi vemabasa ake vaiva Mstislav Rostropovich, Charles Mackerras, Reinbert de Leeuw, Frank Denyer, Patricia Kopatchinskaya, Markus Hinterhäuser nevamwe vaimbi vakakurumbira. MuRussia, vaturikiri vakanakisisa veUstvolskaya vanosanganisira Anatoly Vedernikov, Alexei Lyubimov, Oleg Malov, Ivan Sokolov, Fedor Amirov.

Ustvolskaya yekupedzisira kuumbwa (Fifth Symphony "Amen") yakanyorwa muna 1990. Mushure mezvo, maererano naye, akarega kunzwa ruoko rwaMwari ruchiraira nziyo itsva kwaari. Zvinoratidza kuti basa rake rakapera neSoviet Leningrad, uye kufemerwa kwakamusiya mumahara "gangster Petersburg" ye1990s. Kwemakore gumi nehafu apfuura, haana kutora chikamu muhupenyu hwemimhanzi hweguta rake, uye haawanzo kutaurirana nenyanzvi dzemimhanzi uye vatori venhau. Galina Ustvolskaya akafa akwegura muna 2006. Vanhu vashomanana chete ndivo vakauya kumariro ake. Mugore rekuzvarwa kwemunyori makumi mapfumbamwe (90), makonti ekuyeukwa kwezvinyorwa zvake akaitwa muMoscow neSt. Petersburg, akarongwa naAlexei Lyubimov, anonyanya kufarira basa raUstvolskaya.

Kunobva: meloman.ru