Inyanzvi ye troubadours: mimhanzi uye nhetembo

Izwi rekuti "troubadour" rinoshandurwa kubva mumutauro weProvençal se "kuwana", "kugadzira", nekuti nziyo nenziyo imhando yezviwanikwa uye zvigadzirwa. Kazhinji troubadour - vaimbi vaifamba - vaiimba nziyo dzavo uye vashoma chete, vakagadzira rwiyo, vakapa kuimba kwavo kune juggler.

The troubadour movement yakatanga kuProvence, kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kwe "nhoroondo" nharaunda yeFrance, asi nekufamba kwenguva yakatanga kupararira kuchamhembe kweFrance (kwavakazozivikanwa se trouvères), uyewo muItaly neSpain. Nhoroondo yakachengetedza mazita ekutanga (nemamiriro ezvinhu) troubadours - ava ndivo vatenzi vakadai saGuiraut Riquier, Goselm Fedi, Guiraut de Borneil, Peyre Vidal.

Vatsvakurudzi vakawanda vanobvuma kuti mumiririri wekutanga mune iyi art akatumidzwa zita rekuti "Troubadour". Kutenda kune mavambo ake ehutongi, akawana dzidzo yakaisvonaka yenguva idzodzo, uye, tenda kana kwete, pazera remakore masere aigona kuverenga, kunyora uye kutaura muchiLatin.

Maererano nevemazuva ano, nhetembo dzokutanga dzaGuillaume dzakanyorwa pazera remakore gumi, uye kubva ipapo museti yakaperekedza mudetembi mukuru weramangwana uye muimbi. Kunyangwe asina kusiyaniswa nekubudirira kukuru mune zvechiuto, Duke aive nehunyanzvi hwekuridza mimhanzi uye aida kutamba nekuita. Kuda kwekupedzisira kwaDuke kwakamupinza mukukonana nechechi (tiri kutaura nezvenguva yepakati).

Vatsvagiri vanocherekedza kukwana kwemhando dzenhetembo dzake, uye saka zvinotendwa kuti ndiGuillaume uyo akapa simba rekusimudzira kwete chete nhetembo dzematroubadour, asiwo nhetembo dzeEurope.

Zvinoda kuziva kuti mutauro weOccitan (nemamwe mashoko, Provençal) mutauro, umo matroubadour akagadzira mabasa avo, ndiwo chete mutauro wekunyora munzvimbo dzakawanda dzeItaly neSpain munguva yepakati.

Ndiani angave troubadour?

Pakati pematroubadour paiva nevanhu vakawanda vakadzidza. Kunyanya, troubadours vakave varwi vakazvininipisa avo vaitsigirwa nevakuru-vatongi vakuru vefeudal. Madzishe nemadzimai akakurumbira eProvence neLanguedoc vakatsvaka kutsigira vaimbi vane tarenda vaiziva unyanzvi hwematroubadour. Vaimbi vedare panguva iyoyo vaifanira kuve nehunyanzvi hunotevera:

• ridza chiridzwa chipi nechipi;
• nyora nhetembo zvisingafadzi kune avo vepamusoro;
• gara uchiziva nhau dzichangoburwa mudare.

Mamwe matroubadours ane mukurumbira

Pamusoro peiyo yatodudzwa kare Guillaume Aquinas, maEuropean Middle Ages akaisa pamberi akati wandei mamwe mazita evakakurumbira troubadours:

• - troubadour, ane nhetembo izere nehunhu uye adventurism, ane mukurumbira improviser yerudo canzones uye sirvents ezvematongerwo enyika (aya ndiwo marudzi ehunyanzvi hwekusika).
• - Mufambi weFrance uyo akatora chikamu muHondo dzechiKristu. Mashoma enhetembo dzake ndiwo akasara - kazhinji kani dzematare, nziyo dzemusasa uye satires.
• - mwanakomana wemurandawo zvake, uyo akazova mudetembi ane mukurumbira wenguva yake (XII remakore), munhetembo dzake akaimba yechirimo uye rudo seyakanyanya kunaka.

Vakakurumbira troubadours havasi varume chete; muMiddle Ages kwaivewo nevadetembi vechikadzi - pari zvino kune gumi nemanomwe anozivikanwa echikadzi troubadours. Zita rekutanga pakati pavo ndiro

Madingindira ematare mune art ye troubadours

Pakupera kwezana ramakore rechi 11, iyo inonzi nhetembo yedare yeva troubadours yakasimuka - nhetembo dze knightly, umo rudo, asi panguva imwecheteyo maitiro ekuremekedza kune mukadzi akarimwa. Anoratidzwa mundima dzakadai semhando yezvakanaka, inofananidzwa nemufananidzo weMadonna, panguva imwechete tiri kutaura nezvemukadzi wemoyo uyo anoda kukudzwa uye kudiwa nerudo rweplatonic.

Basa remukadzi wemwoyo akadaro raiwanzoitwa nemukadzi akaroorwa, uye kazhinji kuimba kwenguva refu kwemukadzi akanaka kwaiva mavambo ehushamwari, yakavharirwa mukati memimwe mitemo uye maitiro; kupfimbana kwenguva refu mumamiriro ezvinhu etsika aya kwaireva chinzvimbo chepamusoro kumukomba.

Chitendero chemukadzi akanaka chaive netapuro huru pamaitiro kuvakadzi, nekuti zvisati zvaitika chechi yairatidza bonde remunhukadzi senzvimbo yekuberekera chivi uye unzenza. Zvakare, nekuda kwetsika dzedare, michato yerudo yakatanga kuitika.

The pesvedzero yetroubadour art pane zvemimhanzi tsika

Hunyanzvi hwema troubadours hwakakonzera kuenderera mberi kwetsika dzeEurope mune zvese uye mimhanzi kunyanya. Mimhanzi yakaitwa nematroubadours yakapesvedzera budiriro Minnezanga - German knightly nhetembo. Pakutanga, vaimbi vaingovhara zvinyorwa zveva troubadours, uye gare gare muGermany vakagadzira rudzi rwakasiyana rwekugadzira mimhanzi - minnesang (izwi iri rinoshandura se "rwiyo rwerudo").

Iwe unofanirwa kuziva nezve mamwe marudzi emhando akaumbwa mumhanzi we troubadours:

• Pastoral - iyi imhando yenziyo, zviri murwiyo rwakadaro kazhinji hazvishamisi: knight inotaura nemufudzikadzi ari nyore, uye, kusiyana nenhetembo dzematare, hapangave nekutaura kwekunzwa kwepamusoro; pasi pechifukidziro chekutamba kworudo, nyaya dze“rudo rwenyama” chete dzinokurukurwa.
• Alba iri rwiyo umo mamiriro evanoda kuparadzana mangwanani anodetemba: ivo vanofanirwa kuparadzana, pamwe nekusingaperi ( knight inogona kufa muhondo) nekusvika kwemambakwedza.
• iyo canzona - rwiyo rwerudo rwakataurirwa kumusikana, asi dzimwe nguva kuimba kwecanzona kunongoratidza ruremekedzo kune mukuru, musikana kana shamwari; muzviitiko zvakadaro, canzona inogona kuitwa neakawanda knights kamwechete.