Giovanni Battista Rubini |

Giovanni Battista Rubini

Mumwe wevanoziva nezvehunyanzvi hwemazwi wezana ramakore rechi XNUMX, Panovka, anonyora nezvaRubini: "Aive nezwi rakasimba uye rakashinga, asi haana chikwereti chakanyanya chesimba rekunzwika sekuda kwekuzunguzika, kune simbi. timbre. Panguva imwecheteyo, izwi rake raive rakanyorovera uye raifamba, senge lyric soprano. Roubini akatora zviri nyore zvinyorwa zvesoprano uye panguva imwechete aine chivimbo uye zvakajeka.

Asi maonero pamusoro muimbi VV Timokhin. "Chekutanga, muimbi akafadza vateereri nezwi rakanaka kwazvo remhando dzakasiyana-siyana (chest register kubva "mi" yediki octave kusvika "si" yekutanga octave), kupenya, kuchena uye kupenya kwekuita kwake. Neunyanzvi hukuru, tenor akashandisa rejista yepamusoro yepamusoro (Rubini inogona kutora "fa" uye kunyange "munyu" wechipiri octave). Akashandisa falsetto kwete kuitira kuti avanze zvikanganiso mu "chest notes", asi nechinangwa chega che "kusiyanisa kuimba kwevanhu kuburikidza nekusiyana, kuratidza kunonyanya kukosha shades yemanzwiro uye zvido," seimwe yekuongorora kwakaratidzwa. "Chaive chitubu chakapfuma, chisingaperi chezvitsva, zvine simba rese." Izwi remuimbi rakakunda nekushanduka-shanduka, muto, mumvuri wevelvety, ruzha, shanduko yakatsetseka kubva kurejista kuenda kurejista. Muimbi aive nehunyanzvi hunoshamisa hwekusimbisa mutsauko uripo pakati peforte nepiyano.

Giovanni Battista Rubini akaberekwa musi waApril 7, 1795 muRomano mumhuri yemudzidzisi wemimhanzi. Somwana, haana kuratidza kubudirira kukuru mukudzidzisa uye inzwi rake harina kuparira kufara pakati pavateereri. Zvidzidzo zvemumhanzi zvaGiovanni pachazvo zvaive zvisina kurongeka: muimbi weimwe misha midiki yaive pedyo akamupa zvidzidzo mukuwirirana uye kuumbwa.

Roubini akatanga semuimbi mumachechi uye semuimbi weviolin mumitambo yemitambo yemitambo. Pazera remakore gumi nemaviri, mukomana anova chorister mune yemitambo muBergamo. Ipapo Rubini akapinda muboka rekambani yekufambisa opera, kwaakawana mukana wekupfuura nechikoro chakashata chehupenyu. Kuti awane chokurarama nacho, Giovanni anoita rwendo rwekonsati nemumwe mutambi weviolin, asi hapana chakauya nepfungwa. Muna 1814, akapihwa debut muPavia mune opera Misodzi yeChirikadzi naPietro Generali. Zvino kwakatevera kukokwa kuBrescia, kumutambo we1815, uyezve kuVenice, kune inozivikanwa kwazvo San Moise theatre. Nenguva isipi muimbi akapinda muchibvumirano neine simba impresario Domenico Barbaia. Akabatsira Rubini kutora chikamu mumitambo yeNeapolitan Theatre "Fiorentini". Giovanni akabvuma nomufaro - shure kwezvose, chibvumirano chakadaro chakabvumira, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, kudzidza nevaimbi vakuru muItaly.

Pakutanga, muimbi wechidiki akapotsa arasika muboka renyeredzi rematarenda eBarbaia troupe. Giovanni akatozobvuma kuderedzwa. Asi kutsungirira uye zvidzidzo nemukurumbira Tenor Andrea Nozari akaita basa ravo, uye nokukurumidza Rubini akava imwe yekushongedza kukuru kweNeapolitan opera.

Kwemakore masere akatevera, muimbi akaita nekubudirira kukuru pamatanho eRoma, Naples, Palermo. Iye zvino Barbaia, kuitira kuchengetedza Rubini, anoenda kunowedzera mubhadharo wemuimbi.

Musi waGumiguru 6, 1825, Roubini akaita debut yake muParis. PaItaly Opera, akatanga kuimba muCinderella, uyezve muMukadzi weLake uye Othello.

Basa raOtello Rossini rakanyanya kunyora zvakare kuna Rubini - mushure mezvose, iye pakutanga akarisika zvichienderana nezwi rakaderera raNozari. Mune basa iri, muimbi akaratidza kugona kwake kujekesa dzimwe nguva zvinhu zvisinganzwisisiki, kupa mufananidzo wose kuvimbika kunoshamisa uye chokwadi.

Nekusuwa kwakadini, nekurwadziwa kwakadini kwemoyo wakakuvadzwa negodo, muimbi akapedza chiitiko chekupedzisira chechiitiko chechitatu naDesdemona! "Motifi yeiyi duet inopera mune yakaomesesa uye yakareba roulade: pano taigona kukoshesa zvizere hunyanzvi hwese, kunzwa kwese kwakadzika kwemumhanzi weRubini. Zvingaita sekuti chero nyasha mukuimba, dzizere neshungu, dzinofanira kutonhodza chiito chake - zvakazoitika neimwe nzira. Roubini akakwanisa kupa simba rakawanda, manzwiro anoshamisa kune isingakoshi, zvekuti ruzha urwu rwakakatyamadza zvakanyanya ... vateereri, "akanyora mumwe wepanguva yake mushure mekuita kwemuimbi muOthello.

Veruzhinji veFrance vakabvumirana vakabvuma muimbi weItaly se "Mambo weTenors". Pashure pemwedzi mitanhatu kukunda muParis, Rubini akadzokera kunyika yake. Mushure mokuita muNaples uye Milan, muimbi akaenda kuVienna.

Kubudirira kwekutanga kwemuimbi kwakabatana nemitambo muRossini's operas. Zvingaita sekuti chimiro chemunyori virtuoso brilliant, chizere nehupenyu, simba, hunhu, zvakanyanya kupfuura zvese zvinoenderana nehunhu hwetarenda remuimbi.

Asi Rubini akakunda hurefu hwake pamwe chete nemumwe munyori weItaly, Vincenzo Bellini. Muimbi wechidiki akamuvhurira nyika itsva inonakidza. Kune rumwe rutivi, muimbi pachake akapa zvakawanda pakuzivikanwa kwaBellini, ari mutauriri akajeka wezvinangwa zvake uye muturikiri asingaenzaniswi wemimhanzi yake.

Kekutanga, Bellini naRubini vakasangana vachigadzirira iyo yekutanga opera The Pirate. Hezvino izvo F. Pastura anonyora: "... NaGiovanni Rubini, akasarudza kuitora zvakakomba, uye kwete zvakanyanya nekuti muimbi aifanira kuimba chikamu chemusoro cheGualtiero, munyori wacho aida kumudzidzisa maitiro ekunyatsoita mufananidzo iwoyo. akapenda mumhanzi wake. Uye aifanira kushanda nesimba, nokuti Rubini aingoda kuimba chikamu chake, uye Bellini akaomerera kuti iyewo atambe chikamu chake. Imwe yaingofunga nezvekubuda kwezwi, nezvekugadzirwa kwezwi uye mamwe manomano ehunyanzvi hwekutaura, imwe yakatsvaga kumuita muturikiri. Rubini aingova tenor, asi Bellini aida kuti muimbi ave, kutanga kwezvose, hunhu hwekongiri, "akabatwa neshungu."

Count Barbeau akaona imwe yemakakatanwa mazhinji pakati pemunyori nemuiti. Rubini akauya kuBellini kuzodzokorora mutsara wake wezwi mumutambo weGualtiero naImogen. Tichifunga nezvinotaurwa naBarbeau, sezviri pachena yaive duet kubva pachiito chekutanga. Uye kuchinjana kwemitsara yakapfava, isina kana kushongedza kwezwi, asi kushushikana zvakanyanya, hakuna kuwana maungira mumweya wemuimbi, uyo aijaira nhamba dzakajairwa, dzimwe nguva zvakanyanya kuoma, asi zvinobudirira.

Vakapfuura nechidimbu chimwe chete kakawanda, asi tenor haana kunzwisisa izvo munyori aida, uye haana kutevera mazano ake. Pakupedzisira, Bellini akashaya mwoyo murefu.

– Uri dhongi! akazivisa pasina kunyara kupi nokupi kuna Rubini ndokutsanangura, kuti: “Hauisi kunzwa kupi nokupi mukuimba kwako!” Pano, muchiitiko ichi, unogona kuzunungusa iyo yese yemitambo, uye iwe unotonhora uye usina mweya!

Rubini akaramba akanyarara achivhiringika. Bellini, adzikama, akataura zvinyoro-nyoro:

- Wadiwa Rubini, unofungei, ndiwe ani - Rubini kana Gualtiero?

“Ndinonzwisisa chinhu chiri chose,” muimbi wacho akapindura kudaro, “asi handigoni kunyepedzera kuva akapererwa nezano rose kana kuti kunyepedzera kushatirwa nehasha.

Muimbi chete ndiye aigona kupa mhinduro yakadaro, kwete mutambi chaiye. Zvisinei, Bellini akanzwisisa kuti kana akakwanisa kugutsikana naRubini, aizokunda kaviri - iye nemuiti. Akaedza kekupedzisira: iye amene akaimba rwiyo, achichiita sezvaakada. Akanga asina inzwi ripi neripi rinokosha, asi aiziva kuisa mairi chaizvoizvo kunzwa kwakabetsera kubereka rwiyo rwokutambura rwaGualtiero, uyo akazvidza Imogen nokuda kwokusavimbika: “Pietosa al padre, e rueco si cruda eri intanto.” ("Iwe wakanzwira baba vako tsitsi, asi iwe wakanga usina utsinye neni.") Mu cantilena inosuruvarisa, mwoyo unoshuva, une rudo wepirate unoratidzwa.

Pakupedzisira, Rubini akanzwa izvo munyori wacho aida kubva kwaari, uye, akabatwa nechishuvo chakamwe kamwe, akawedzera inzwi rake rinoshamisa pakuimba kwaBellini, iyo zvino yakaratidza kutambura kwakadaro kusina munhu akambonzwa kare.

Panguva yekutanga yeGualtiero's cavatina "Mukati medutu" yakaitwa naRubini yakakonzera dutu rekuombera. “Kunzwa kwacho kwakakura zvokuti hakubviri kutaura,” anonyora kudaro Bellini, achiwedzera kuti akasimuka pachigaro chake “kakapetwa kagumi kuti atende vateereri.” Roubini, achitevera zano romunyori, akaita chikamu chake “choumwari zvisingatsananguriki, uye kuimba kwacho kwairatidzira nenzira inoshamisa nokupfava kwako kwose, nokufara kwomweya wose.” Kubva manheru iwayo, zita raRubini rave richibatanidzwa zvachose nenziyo iyi yakakurumbira, zvekuti muimbi akakwanisa kuratidza kutendeseka kwayo. Florimo anozonyora gare gare: "Ani nani asati anzwa Rubini mune iyi opera haakwanise kunzwisisa kusvika papi nziyo dzaBellini dzinogona kufadza ..."

Uye mushure memutambo wemagamba asina kunaka, iyo iyo Bellini yakadzidzisa Rubini kuita nezwi rake risina simba, yakakonzera muhoro "dutu rekuombera rakadaro zvekuti vakaita sekutinhira kwemhepo."

Muna 1831, pamutambo wekutanga muMilan weimwe opera, La sonnambula naBellini, Pasta, Amina, akarohwa nehupenyu uye simba remanzwiro ekuita kwaRubini, akatanga kuchema pamberi pevateereri.

Rubini akaita zvakawanda kusimudzira basa remumwe munyori, Gaetano Donizetti. Donizetti akawana kubudirira kwake kwekutanga muna 1830 neopera Anne Boleyn. Pamutambo wekutanga, Rubini akaimba chikamu chikuru. Ne aria kubva pachiito chechipiri, muimbi akaita manyawi chaiwo. "Ani nani asati anzwa muimbi mukuru uyu muchidimbu ichi, azere nenyasha, kurota uye chido, [iye] haakwanise kuumba pfungwa yesimba rekuimba," mutori wenhau wemimhanzi akanyora mumazuva iwayo. Rubini ane chikwereti chikuru kune mukurumbira unoshamisa wemitambo yaDonizetti Lucia di Lammermoor naLucrezia Borgia.

Mushure mokunge chibvumirano chaRubini neBarbaia chapera muna 1831, kwemakore gumi nemaviri akafarira boka reItaly opera, achiita muParis munguva yechando uye muLondon muzhizha.

Muna 1843, Roubini akaita rwendo rwakabatana naFranz Liszt kuenda kuHolland neGermany. MuBerlin, muimbi akaimba paItari Opera. Kuita kwake kwakagadzira manyawi chaiwo.

Muchirimo chimwe chete, nyanzvi yokuItaly yakasvika muSt. Kutanga akaimba muSt. Petersburg neMoscow, uyezve akaimba muSt. Pano, mukuvaka kweBolshoi Theatre, akazviratidza, achitamba mukunaka kwake kwose muOthello, The Pirate, La sonnambula, The Puritans, Lucia di Lammermoor.

Hezvino izvo VV Timokhin: "Kubudirira kukuru kwaitarisirwa nemuiti weLucia: vateereri vakafadzwa kusvika pakati, uye chaizvoizvo vateereri vose vaisagona kurega kuchema, vachiteerera kune yakakurumbira" chiitiko chekutuka "kubva pachiitiko chechipiri chemutambo. opera. "Pirate", yakaitwa makore mashoma Rubini asati asvika nekubatanidzwa kwevaimbi veGermany, haana kukwezva zvakanyanya zvevaimbi veSt. iye pachake kuti ave zvose zvakanaka zvisingaenzaniswi uye muimbi aifadza zvikuru vateereri, maererano nevemazuva ano "nemanzwiro anokwezva uye nenyasha dzinofadza ...".

Pamberi paRubini, hapana muimbi wekuRussia akamutsa mufaro wakadaro. Kutarisisa kwakasarudzika kwevateereri vekuRussia kwakakurudzira Roubini kuti auye munyika yedu mumatsutso egore iroro. Panguva ino P. Viardo-Garcia naA. Tamburini vakauya naye.

Mumwaka wa1844/45, muimbi mukuru akati zvakanaka kunhandare yeopera. Naizvozvo, Rubini haana hanya nezwi rake uye akaimba sepamakore ake akanakisa. Basa remitambo yemufananidzo rakaguma muSt. Petersburg mu "Sleepwalker".