Sheng nhoroondo
Shen – rutsanga rwomumhanzi chiridzwa. Icho chimwe chezviridzwa zvekare zveChinese zvekuimba.
Nhoroondo yeSheng
Kutaurwa kwekutanga kweshen kunodzokera ku1100 BC. Nhoroondo yemabviro ayo inosanganiswa nengano yakaisvonaka - zvaitendwa kuti sheng yakapa vanhu Nuwa, muumbi werudzi rwevanhu uye mwarikadzi wekufananidza nekuroora.
Kurira kwesheng kwakafanana nekuchema kweshiri yePhoenix. Zvechokwadi, ruzha rwechiridzwa chacho chinonyanya kuratidza uye zvakajeka. Pakutanga, sheng yaiitirwa kuridza mimhanzi yemweya. Munguva yekutonga kweZhou Dynasty (1046-256 BC), akawana mukurumbira mukuru. Akashanda sechiridzwa chinoperekedza chevatambi vematare uye vaimbi. Nokufamba kwenguva, yakave yakakurumbira pakati pevanhuwo zvavo, yaigona kunzwika kakawanda pamitambo yeguta, mhemberero nemitambo. MuRussia, iyo Shen yaingozivikanwa chete muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX.
Chishandiso uye hunyanzvi hwekuburitsa inzwi
Sheng - inofungidzirwa kuti tateguru wezviridzwa zvemimhanzi, hunhu hwayo inzira yetsanga yekubvisa ruzha. Uyezve, nekuda kwekuti sheng inokubvumira kubvisa manzwi akati wandei panguva imwe chete, zvinogona kufungidzirwa kuti maive muChina vakatanga kuita mabasa epolyphonic. Maererano nenzira yekugadzirwa kwezwi, sheng ndeyeboka remaaerophones - zviridzwa, ruzha rwayo rwuri mugumisiro wekudengenyeka kwemhepo.
Sheng ndeyemhando dzakasiyana dze harmonicas uye inosiyaniswa nekuvapo kwemachubhu resonator. Chiridzwa chine zvikamu zvitatu zvikuru: muviri ("douzi"), machubhu, tsanga.
Muviri imbiya ine muromo wekufuridza mweya. Pakutanga, mbiya yacho yaigadzirwa kubva mugori, gare gare kubva mumatanda kana simbi. Iye zvino pane zviitiko zvakagadzirwa nemhangura kana huni, varnished. Pamuviri pane maburi emachubhu akagadzirwa neshenjere. Nhamba yechubhu yakasiyana: 13, 17, 19 kana 24. Izvo zvakasiyanawo pakukwirira, asi zvakarongwa muzvikamu zviviri uye symmetrically maererano kune mumwe. Haasi ese machubhu anoshandiswa mumutambo, mamwe acho anoshongedza. Makomba anocherwa pasi pemachubhu, nekuasunga uye panguva imwe chete achifuridzira mukati kana kuburitsa mweya, vaimbi vanoburitsa ruzha. Muchikamu chepasi pane ndimi, ibwe resimbi rakagadzirwa nealloy yegoridhe, sirivheri kana mhangura, 0,3 mm gobvu. Rurimi rwehurefu hunodiwa hunochekwa mukati meplate - nokudaro, chimiro uye rurimi chidimbu chimwe chete. Kuwedzera ruzha, kureba kwerefu kunogadzirwa muchikamu chepamusoro chemukati mechubhu kuitira kuti kutenderera kwemhepo kuitike mukunzwa netsanga. Sheng yakashanda seye prototype yeaccordion uye harmonium mukutanga kwezana ramakore re19.
Sheng munyika yanhasi
Sheng ndiyo yega yezviridzwa zvechiChinese izvo zvinoshandiswa kuridza mu orchestra nekuda kwekunaka kwekurira kwayo.
Pakati pemhando dzesheng, zvinotevera zvinosiyaniswa:
- Zvichienderana nepitch: sheng-tops, sheng-alto, sheng-bass.
- Zvichienderana nehukuru hwemuviri: dasheng (big sheng) - 800 mm kubva pachigadziko, gzhongsheng (pakati pesheng) - 430 mm, xiaosheng (sheng duku) - 405 mm.
Ruzha rwenzwi runoenderana nenhamba uye urefu hwemachubhu. Sheng ine gumi nembiri-nhanho chromatic chiyero, inoratidzwa neyakafanana hutsinye chiyero. Nokudaro, sheng haisi imwe chete yezviridzwa zvekare zvekare zvechiChinese zvakasara kusvika panguva yedu, asi zvichiri kuramba zvichitora nzvimbo inokosha mutsika dzekuMabvazuva - vaimbi vanoita mimhanzi pashen solo, mumusangano uye mu orchestra.
