Eduardas Balsys |

Eduard Balsy

E. Balsis mumwe wevaimbi vakatanhamara veSoviet Lithuania. Basa rake semunyori, mudzidzisi, mumhanzi wevanhu vose uye muzivisi hazviparadzanisiki kubva mukubudirira kwechikoro chevanyori veLithuanian munguva yehondo. Kubva pakupera kwema50s. ndiye mumwe wevatenzi vayo vanotungamira.

Nzira yekugadzira yemunyori yakaoma. Uduku hwake hwakabatana neguta reUkraine reNikolaeva, ipapo mhuri inotamira kuKlaipeda. Mumakore aya, kukurukurirana nemimhanzi kwakaitika netsaona. Muhuduku hwake, Balsis akaita basa rakawanda - akadzidzisa, aifarira zvemitambo, uye muna 1945 chete akapinda muKaunas Conservatory mukirasi yePurofesa A. Raciunas. Makore ekudzidza paLeningrad Conservatory, kwaakatora chikoro chepamusoro naPurofesa V. Voloshinov, akagara nokusingaperi mundangariro yemunyori. Muna 1948, Balsis akatanga kudzidzisa paVilnius Conservatory, uko kubva muna 1960 akatungamirira dhipatimendi rekunyora. Pakati pevadzidzi vake pane vanyori vanozivikanwa saA. Brazhinskas, G. Kupryavicius, B. Gorbulskis nevamwe. opera, ballet. Muimbi haana hanya nemhando dzekamuri - akatendeukira kwavari pakutanga kwebasa rake (String Quartet, Piano Sonata, nezvimwewo). Pamwe chete nemhando dzechinyakare, nhaka yeBalsis inosanganisira nziyo dzepop, nziyo dzakakurumbira, mimhanzi yetheater uye cinema, kwaakabatana nevatungamiriri vanotungamira veLithuania. Mukudyidzana nguva dzose kwemhando dzinovaraidza uye dzakakomba, munyori akaona nzira dzekupfumisana kwavo.

Hunhu hwekusika hwaBalsis hwairatidzwa nekutsva nguva dzose, kutsvaga nzira nyowani - zvisingawanzo mimhanzi yezviridzwa, hunyanzvi hwakaoma hwemutauro wemimhanzi kana maumbirwo ekutanga. Panguva imwecheteyo, aigara ari muimbi weLithuanian zvechokwadi, munyori wenziyo akajeka. Chimwe chezvinhu zvinonyanya kukosha zvemimhanzi yaBalsis kubatana kwayo nengano, iyo yaaive nyanzvi yakadzama. Izvi zvinoratidzwa nehurongwa hwake hwakawanda hwenziyo dzechivanhu. Muimbi uyu akatenda kuti kuumbwa kwerudzi uye hunyanzvi "kucharamba kuchivhura nzira nyowani dzinonakidza dzekusimudzira mimhanzi yedu."

Zvikuru zvekugadzira zvakabudirira zveBalsis zvakabatana nesymphony - uyu ndiwo mutsauko wake kubva kutsika yekwaya yetsika yerudzi uye pesvedzero yakadzama pachizvarwa chechidiki chevanyori veLithuania. Zvisinei, kufananidzirwa kwemafungiro ake e-symphonic haisi symphony (haana kutaura nayo), asi rudzi rwekonzati, opera, ballet. Mavari, munyori anoita senyanzvi yekusimudzira symphonic yefomu, timbre-sensitive, coloristic orchestration.

Chiitiko chikuru chemimhanzi muLithuania chaive ballet Eglė the Queen of the Serpents (1960, yepakutanga lib.), zvichibva pane iyo yekutanga firimu-ballet murepublic yakaitwa. Iyi ingano yedetembo yeruvimbo nerudo kukunda zvakaipa nekunyengera. Mifananidzo yegungwa ine mavara, akajeka emhando-yemhando yemitambo, emweya enziyo episodhi ye ballet ndeyemapeji akanakisa emimhanzi yeLithuanian. Dingindira regungwa nderimwe remabasa aifarirwa naBalsis (mumakore makumi mashanu akaita chinyorwa chitsva chedetembo reSimphonic "Gungwa" naMK Muna 50, munyori zvakare akatendeukira kudingindira remugungwa. Panguva ino nenzira inosiririsa - mu iyo opera Rwendo kuenda kuTilsit (yakavakirwa panhau pfupi yezita rimwechete nemunyori wechiGerman X. Zuderman "Lithuanian Stories", lib. pachake). Pano Balsias akaita semusiki werudzi rutsva rwechiLithuanian opera - symphonized psychological. mutambo wemimhanzi, kugara nhaka tsika yaA. Berg's Wozzeck.

Ugari hwemunyika, kufarira matambudziko ekupisa enguva yedu kwakaratidzwa nesimba rakanyanya munziyo dzekwaya dzeBalsis, dzakanyorwa nekubatana nevadetembi vakuru veLithuania - E. Mezhelaitis naE. Matuzevičius (cantatas "Kuunza Zuva" uye "Kubwinya kune Lenin! ") Uye kunyanya - mune oratorio inobva kune nhetembo dzemudetembi V. Palchinokayte "Usabata blue globe", (1969). Kwakanga kuri nebasa iri, iro rakatanga kuitwa paWroclaw Music Festival muna 1969, iro basa raBalsis rakawana mukurumbira wenyika uye rakapinda pasi rose. Kare muna 1953, munyori akanga ari wekutanga mumimhanzi yeLithuanian kutarisa dingindira rekurwira rugare muNhetembo yeHeroic, achiigadzira muDramatic Frescoes yepiyano, violin uye orchestra (1965). Iyo oratorio inoratidza huso hwehondo mune yayo yakaipisisa chimiro - semhondi dzehudiki. Muna 1970, achitaura pamusangano wepasi rose weISME (International Association of Children's Music Education) mushure mekuita kweoratorio "Usabata nyika yebhuruu", D. Kabalevsky akati: "Oratorio yaEduardas Balsis ibasa rakajeka rinosuruvarisa. izvo zvinosiya fungidziro isingadzimiki nekudzika kwekufunga, simba rekunzwa, kushushikana kwemukati. Hunhu pathos yebasa raBalsis, kunzwira kwake kusuwa uye kufara kwevanhu kuchagara kuri padyo neanhasi wedu, mugari wezana ramakore rechi XNUMX.

G. Zhdanova