Tonic |

Tonic (French tonique, note tonique; нtm. Tonika) - pakati. element of tone; iyo huru toni, maererano neKrom, iyo yose system inowana zita rayo (muC-dur uye c-moll - inzwi do o), pamwe chete nehombe-kugara, iyo iyi mode inovakwa (muC-dur , chord ce- g, mu c-moll - c-es-g); zita - T. Tonic - hwaro, pokutangira uye kupedzisa harmonics. nzira, nzvimbo inonzwisisika yemafungiro e-harmonic, esp. ustoy (kugara paKrom kunonzwika sechinguva chekuzorora, kunyanya kana uchidzokera kuT., kugadziriswa kwekushanda kunetseka). Mune inoshanda harmonic system ye tonality, chiito cheT. inonzwika zvakananga mukati meiyo imwe-yakasviba fomu (nguva, maviri- uye matatu-chikamu; semuenzaniso, mudingindira rechikamu chekutanga chegumi nembiri piano sonata yaBeethoven, chikamu chekutanga chemutambo "Ndira" kubva ku "The Seasons. ” Tchaikovsky); modulation inoisa zvakafanana. chiito cheumwe T. (izvi zvinotsanangura kubatana pakati pechikamu chechiito cheT. uye kuumbwa kwemadingindira, kutaura kwemhando dzemimhanzi). Simba raT. mune inoshanda harmonic. system of tonality inotarwa nezvinhu zvakati wandei: chimiro chemuses. zvemukati, zvakazadzwa nepfungwa yerationalistic. centralization; kusarudzwa kwechiyero chiri diatonic munheyo uye isina tritone kune chero ipi zvayo inzwi reT.; sangano refret rinoshandisa "katatu chikamu" (mabasa S - T - D), iyo inobatsira pakusimbisa kwakanyanya kwepakati-T; metric inosimbisa huremu hwemhedziso. cadence moments (iyo inonzi inorema zviyero - yechina, yechisere - semetrical nheyo, yakafanana neT.; ona Tonality). Sechikamu chemumhanzi kufunga kwaT. ndeimwe yemhando dzepakati (rutsigiro) inoshanda serutsigiro mukuumbwa kwehurongwa hunobatanidza hwehukama (ona Lad). Kukosha uye kukosha kwechikamu T. sezvo muzinda wakadaro unotibvumira kuwedzera temu iyi kusvika pakati. zvinhu zvemamwe masisitimu (pamamodhi emimhanzi yechivanhu, nyika yekare, medieval modes, modal kuwirirana kweRenaissance, symmetrical modes yezana ramakore rechi 19-20, masisitimu ane toni yepakati kana chord mumhanzi wezana ramakore rechi20). Zvisinei, zvakakosha kusiyanisa pakati pemhando dzenzvimbo (nheyo) - baroque uye classical-romantic. T. (yakanyorwa naJ. S. Bach, W. A. Mozart, F. Chopin, R. Wagner, M. I. Glinka, S. V. Rachmaninov), muzana remakore repakati. finalis (iyo, mukupesana neyekare T., inogona kusapinda murwiyo rwese nezviito zvayo; semuenzaniso, muantiphons Miserere mei Deus I toni, Vidimus stellam ejus IV toni), T. kiyi itsva yezana ramakore rechi20. (semuenzaniso, tonic G mune opera Wozzeck naBerg, dissonant complex T. mu orc. pindirana pakati pechina uye chechishanu chechiitiko chechitatu cheiyo opera imwechete), pakati. toni (tone mi pakutanga uye mhedziso yePenderecki's Dies irae), pakati. boka (iyo 1st chidimbu kubva kuSchoenberg's Lunar Pierrot), iyo quasi-tonic kushandiswa kweiyo nhevedzano (semuenzaniso, chikamu chekutanga cheE. V.

References: ona pasi pezvinyorwa Tonality, Mode, Harmony.

Yu. N. Kholopov