Transcription |

lat. transcriptio, lit. - kunyorazve

Kurongeka, kugadzirisa basa remimhanzi, rine yakazvimirira unyanzvi kukosha. Kune marudzi maviri ekunyora: kuchinjirwa kwebasa kune chimwe chiridzwa (somuenzaniso, kunyorwa kwepiyano yezwi, violin, orchestral composition kana izwi, violin, orchestral transcription yepiyano composition); shanduko (nechinangwa chekurerukira kana kunaka kukuru) yemharidzo pasina kushandura chiridzwa (inzwi) icho basa rakagadzirirwa mune yekutanga. Madimikira dzimwe nguva anonzi anokonzerwa nemhando yezvinyorwa.

Kunyorerwa kune nhoroondo refu, chaiko kudzokera kune zvinyorwa zvenziyo uye matambiro ezviridzwa zvakasiyana mu16th ne17th century. Kuvandudzwa kwekunyora chaiko kwakatanga muzana remakore rechi18. (zvinyorwa, kunyanya harpsichord, yemabasa naJA Reinken, A. Vivaldi, G. Telemann, B. Marcello nevamwe, varidzi naJS Bach). Mu 1st floor. 19th century Piano transcriptions, inosiyaniswa nekunaka kwerudzi rwesalon, yakapararira (zvinyorwa naF. Kalkbrenner, A. Hertz, Z. Thalberg, T. Döhler, S. Heller, AL Henselt, nevamwe); kazhinji dzaive dzakatorwa munziyo dzeopera dzakakurumbira.

Basa rakatanhamara mukuburitsa zvehunyanzvi uye zvemavara zvingangoitwa piyano rakaridzwa neakawanda akanyorwa nemakonzati aF. Liszt (kunyanya nziyo dzaF. Schubert, caprices naN. Paganini uye zvidimbu kubva kumaopera naWA Mozart, R. Wagner, G. Verdi; pamwe chete hurongwa hunosvika mazana mashanu) . Mabasa mazhinji erudzi urwu akagadzirwa nevatevedzeri nevateveri vaLiszt – K. Tausig (Bach's toccata and fugue in d-moll, Schubert's “Military March” muD-dur), HG von Bülow, K. Klindworth, K. Mutsvene -Saens, F. Busoni, L. Godovsky nevamwe.

Busoni naGodowsky ndivo masters makuru epiyano kunyorwa kweiyo post-List nguva; wekutanga wavo akave nemukurumbira nekuda kwezvinyorwa zvake zvemabasa naBach (toccatas, chorale preludes, nezvimwewo), Mozart naLiszt (Spanish Rhapsody, etudes mushure mePaganini's caprices), wechipiri pakugadzirisa kwake zvidimbu zve harpsichord zvezana ramakore rechi 17-18. , Chopin's etudes uye Strauss waltzes.

Liszt (pamwe nevateveri vake) vakaratidza nzira yakatosiyana kurudzi rwechinyorwa kupfuura vaakatangira. Kune rumwe rutivi, akatyoka nenzira yepiyano ye salon ye1st floor. Muzana remakore rechi19 kuzadza zvinyorwa nendima dzisina chinhu dzisina chokuita nemimhanzi yebasa uye inotarisirwa kuratidza virtuoso hunhu hwemuiti; kune rumwe rutivi, akasiyawo kudhindwa chaikoiko kwakanyanyisa kworugwaro rwapakuvamba, achirangarira kuva kunobvira uye kuri madikanwa kutsiva kurasikirwa kusingadzivisiki kwamamwe mativi ounyanzvi hwose pakunyora nedzimwe nzira dzakagoverwa nechiridzwa chitsva.

Muzvinyorwa zveLiszt, Busoni, Godowsky, mharidzo yepiyano, sekutonga, inopindirana nemweya uye zvinyorwa zvemimhanzi; panguva imwecheteyo, shanduko dzakasiyana-siyana muzvinyorwa zvemutinhimira uye kuwirirana, rhythm uye chimiro, kunyoreswa uye kutungamira kwezwi, nezvimwewo, zvinotenderwa mumharidzo, zvichikonzerwa neiyo chaiyo yechiridzwa chitsva (pfungwa yakajeka ye izvi zvinopihwa nekuenzanisa kwekunyorwa kweiyo Paganini caprice - E-dur No 9 naSchumann naLiszt).

Nyanzvi yakatanhamara yekunyora violin yaive F. Kreisler (kurongeka kwezvidimbu naWA Mozart, Schubert, Schumann, nezvimwewo).

Imwe nzira isingawanzo kunyorwa ndeye orchestral (semuenzaniso, Mussorgsky-Ravel's Mifananidzo paChiratidziro).

Rudzi rwekunyora, kunyanya piyano, muchiRussia (AL Gurilev, AI Dyubyuk, AS Dargomyzhsky, MA Balakirev, AG Rubinshtein, SV Rachmaninov) nemimhanzi yeSoviet (AD Kamensky, II Mikhnovsky, SE Feinberg, DB Kabalevsky, GR Ginzburg, NE Perelman , TP Nikolaeva, nezvimwewo).

Mienzaniso yakanakisisa yekunyora ("The Forest King" naSchubert-Liszt, "Chaconne" naBach-Busoni, nezvimwewo) vane unyanzvi husingagumi; zvisinei, kuwanda kwezvinyorwa zvepasi-giredhi zvakagadzirwa nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana zvakazvidza rudzi urwu uye zvakakonzera kunyangarika kwayo kubva kune repertoire yevatambi vakawanda.

References: Chikoro chepiyano chinyorwa, comp. Kogan GM, vol. 1-6, M., 1970-78; Busoni F., Entwurf einer neuen Ästhetik der Tonkunst, Triest, 1907, Wiesbaden, 1954

GM Kogan