Salomea (Solomia) Amvrosievna Krushelnitskaya (Salomea Kruszelnicka) |

Salomea Kruszelnicka

Kunyange muupenyu hwake, Salomea Krushelnitskaya aizivikanwa semuimbi akakurumbira munyika. Aiva nenzwi rakatanhamara maererano nesimba uye runako rwakasiyana-siyana (anenge octaves matatu ane rejisita yepakati yakasununguka), ndangariro yenziyo (aigona kudzidza chikamu cheopera mumazuva maviri kana matatu), uye tarenda rinoshamisa. Repertoire yemuimbi wacho yaisanganisira zvikamu zvinopfuura makumi matanhatu zvakasiyana. Pakati pemibairo yake yakawanda uye misiyano, kunyanya, zita re "Wagnerian prima donna yezana ramakore rechimakumi maviri." Muimbi wekuItaly Giacomo Puccini akapa muimbi uyu mufananidzo wake wakanyorwa kuti "Butterfly rakanaka uye rinoyevedza".

Salomeya Krushelnytska akaberekwa musi waSeptember 23, 1872 mumusha weBelyavintsy, ikozvino Buchatsky dunhu redunhu reTernopil, mumhuri yemupristi.

Inobva kumhuri inokudzwa uye yekare yechiUkraine. Kubvira muna 1873, mhuri yakatama kakawanda, muna 1878 vakatamira kumusha weBelaya pedyo neTernopil, kwavasina kumbobva. Akatanga kuimba kubva achiri mudiki. Semwana, Salome aiziva nziyo dzakawanda dzechivanhu, dzaakadzidza kubva kune varimi. Akagamuchira hwaro hwekudzidziswa kwemimhanzi paTernopil gymnasium, kwaakanyora bvunzo semudzidzi wekunze. Pano akava pedyo nedenderedzwa remimhanzi yevadzidzi vechikoro chesekondari, iyo Denis Sichinsky, gare gare munyori ane mukurumbira, muimbi wekutanga wenyanzvi muWestern Ukraine, aivawo nhengo.

Muna 1883, pakonzati yeShevchenko muTernopil, mutambo wekutanga weruzhinji waSalome wakaitika, akaimba mukwaya yeRussian conversation society. MuTernopil, Salomea Krushelnytska akazivana neimba yemitambo kwekutanga. Pano, nguva nenguva, Lvov theatre yeRussian conversation Society yakaitwa.

Muna 1891, Salome akapinda muLviv Conservatory. Paimba yemitambo, mudzidzisi wake akanga ari purofesa ane mukurumbira panguva iyoyo muLviv, Valery Vysotsky, uyo akaunza boka renyeredzi revaimbi vakakurumbira vokuUkraine nePolish. Paaidzidza paimba yekuchengetera vanhu, kuimba kwake kwekutanga ega kwakaitika, musi waApril 13, 1892, muimbi akaita chikamu chikuru muGF Handel's oratorio "Messiah". Yekutanga operatic debut yaSalome Krushelnytska yakaitika musi waApril 15, 1893, akaita basa raLeonora mukuita kwemuimbi weItaly G. Donizetti "The Favorite" pachikuva cheLviv City Theater.

Muna 1893 Krushelnytska akapedza kudzidza kubva Lvov Conservatory. Mudhipuroma raSalome rokupedza kufunda, makanga makanyorwa kuti: “Diploma iri rakagamuchirwa naPanna Salomea Krushelnitskaya soufakazi hwedzidzo younyanzvi yakagamuchirwa nokushingaira kwomuenzaniso uye kubudirira kunoshamisa, zvikurukuru pamakwikwi evoruzhinji pana June 24, 1893, ayo akapiwa sirivha. menduru."

Ndichiri kudzidza paConservatory, Salomea Krushelnytska akagamuchira chipo kubva Lviv Opera House, asi akasarudza kuenderera mberi nedzidzo yake. Chisarudzo chake chakakonzerwa nemuimbi weItaly anozivikanwa Gemma Bellinchoni, uyo panguva iyoyo akanga achishanyira Lviv. Mumatsutso a1893, Salome anoenda kunodzidza kuItaly, uko Purofesa Fausta Crespi akava mudzidzisi wake. Mukati mokudzidza, mitambo yamakonzati umo iye akaimba opera arias yakanga iri chikoro chakanaka kuna Salome. Muchikamu chechipiri chemakore ekuma1890, kutamba kwake kwekukunda pamatanho emitambo pasi rose kwakatanga: muItaly, Spain, France, Portugal, Russia, Poland, Austria, Egypt, Argentina, Chile mumitambo yeAida, Il trovatore naD. Verdi, Faust » Ch. Gounod, The Terrible Yard naS. Moniuszko, The African Woman naD. Meyerbeer, Manon Lescaut naCio-Cio-San naG. Puccini, Carmen naJ. Bizet, Elektra naR. Strauss, “Eugene Onegin” uye “The Mambokadzi weSpades” naPI Tchaikovsky nevamwe.

Kukadzi 17, 1904 paMilan theatre "La Scala" Giacomo Puccini akapa opera yake itsva "Madama Butterfly". Hazvisati zvamboita kuti munyori ave nechokwadi chekubudirira ... asi vateereri vakapopota opera vakatsamwa. Maestro aipembererwa akanzwa kuremerwa. Shamwari dzakanyengetedza Puccini kuti agadzirise basa rake, uye kukoka Salome Krushelnitskaya kuchikamu chikuru. Musi waChivabvu 29, pachikuva cheGrande Theatre muBrescia, kutanga kweiyo yakagadziridzwa Madama Butterfly kwakaitika, panguva ino kukunda. Vateereri vakadaidza vatambi uye munyori kunhandare kanomwe. Pashure pemutambo wacho, akabayiwa mwoyo uye achionga, Puccini akatumira Krushelnitskaya mufananidzo wake wakanyorwa kuti: “KuButterfly yakanaka kwazvo uye inoyevedza.”

Muna 1910, S. Krushelnitskaya akaroora meya weguta reViareggio (Italy) uye gweta Cesare Riccioni, uyo aiva nyanzvi yemimhanzi uye erudite aristocrat. Vakanga vakaroorana mune imwe yetemberi dzeBuenos Aires. Mushure memuchato, Cesare naSalome vakagara muViareggio, uko Salome akatenga imba yaakadana kuti "Salome" uye akaenderera mberi kushanyira.

Muna 1920, Krushelnitskaya akasiya nhandare yeopera pakakwirira mukurumbira wake, achiita kekupedzisira paNaples Theater mumitambo yake yaanofarira Lorelei naLohengrin. Akazvipira hupenyu hwake hwese kuita chiitiko chechamber concert, achiimba nziyo mumitauro 8. Akafamba muEurope neAmerica. Makore ose aya kusvikira 1923 aigara akauya kunyika yake uye akaita Lvov, Ternopil nemamwe maguta Galicia. Akanga ane zvisungo zvakasimba zveushamwari nevanhu vakawanda muWestern Ukraine. Makonti akatsaurirwa kundangariro yaTaras Shevchenko akatora nzvimbo yakakosha mubasa rekugadzira remuimbi. Muna 1929, konzati yekupedzisira yekushanyira S. Krushelnitskaya yakaitika muRoma.

Muna 1938, murume waKrushelnitskaya, Cesare Riccioni, akafa. MunaAugust 1939, muimbi wacho akashanyira Galicia uye, nemhaka yeHondo Yenyika II, akanga asingakwanisi kudzokera kuItaly. Panguva yekutonga kweGermany kweLviv, S. Krushelnytska akanga ari murombo zvikuru, saka akapa zvidzidzo zvezwi oga.

Munguva yehondo, S. Krushelnytska akatanga kushanda paLviv State Conservatory yakanzi NV Lysenko. Nekudaro, basa rake rekudzidzisa risati ratanga, rakapotsa rapera. Panguva ye "kucheneswa kwevashandi kubva kune dzimwe nyika" akapomerwa mhosva yekusava nedhipatimendi rekuchengetedza. Gare gare, diploma yakawanikwa mune mari yeguta renhoroondo museum.

Kurarama uye kudzidzisa muSoviet Union, Salomeya Amvrosievna, pasinei nekukumbira kwakawanda, kwenguva yakareba aisagona kuwana hukama hweSoviet, achiramba ari nyaya yeItaly. Pakupedzisira, anyora chirevo pamusoro pekuendeswa kweimba yake yeItaly uye pfuma yose kuSoviet state, Krushelnitskaya akava mugari weUSSR. Imba yacho yakatengeswa pakarepo, zvichitsiva muridzi wechikamu chiduku cheukoshi hwayo.

Muna 1951, Salome Krushelnitskaya akapiwa zita reHonored Art Worker yeUkraine SSR, uye muna October 1952, mwedzi asati afa, Krushelnitskaya akagamuchira zita repurofesa.

Musi waNovember 16, 1952, mwoyo wemuimbi mukuru wakamira kurova. Akavigwa muLviv pamakuva eLychakiv pedyo neguva reshamwari yake uye mudzidzisi, Ivan Franko.

Muna 1993, mugwagwa wakatumidzwa zita reS. Krushelnytska muLviv, kwaakagara makore ekupedzisira ehupenyu hwake. Imba yekuyeuchidza yeSalomea Krushelnytska yakavhurwa muimba yemuimbi. Nhasi, Lviv Opera House, Lviv Musical Secondary School, Ternopil Musical College (kunobudiswa pepanhau reSalomeya), chikoro chemakore masere mumusha weBelaya, migwagwa muKyiv, Lvov, Ternopil, Buchach. yakatumidzwa zita reS. Krushelnytska (ona Salomeya Krushelnytska Street). MuMirror Hall yeLviv Opera uye Ballet Theatre pane chivako chendarira kuna Salome Krushelnytska.

Mazhinji ehunyanzvi, mimhanzi uye cinematographic mabasa akatsaurirwa kuhupenyu nebasa raSalomea Krushelnytska. Muna 1982, paA. Dovzhenko film studio, mutungamiri O. Fialko akapfura firimu rezvakaitika kare uye rehupenyu "Kudzoka kweButterfly" (zvichibva mubhuku rezita rimwechete naV. Vrublevskaya), rakatsaurirwa kuhupenyu nebasa re Salomea Krushelnitskaya. Mufananidzo wacho unobva pane chokwadi chehupenyu hwemuimbi uye unovakwa sendangariro dzake. Zvikamu zveSalome zvinoitwa naGisela Zipola. Basa raSalome mufirimu rakaitwa naElena Safonova. Mukuwedzera, zvinyorwa zvakagadzirwa, kunyanya, Salome Krushelnitskaya (akatungamirirwa naI. Mudrak, Lvov, Most, 1994) Upenyu Huviri hwaSalome (inotungamirirwa naA. Frolov, Kyiv, Kontakt, 1997), cycle "Mazita" (2004) , documentary film "Solo-mea" kubva kutenderera "Game of Fate" (mutungamiri V. Obraz, VIATEL studio, 2008). Kurume 18, 2006 pachikuva cheLviv National Academic Opera uye Ballet Theatre yakatumidzwa zita rekuti S. Krushelnitskaya yakatambira mutambo weBallet waMiroslav Skorik "The Return of the Butterfly", zvichibva pane zvakaitika muhupenyu hwaSalomea Krushelnitskaya. Iyo ballet inoshandisa mimhanzi yeGiacomo Puccini.

Muna 1995, iyo yekutanga yemutambo "Salome Krushelnytska" (munyori B. Melnichuk, I. Lyakhovsky) yakaitika muTernopil Regional Drama Theatre (ikozvino inonzi academic theatre). Kubvira muna 1987, Salomea Krushelnytska Makwikwi akaitwa muTernopil. Gore rega rega Lviv inobata makwikwi epasi rose anonzi Krushelnytska; mitambo ye opera art yava tsika.