Heterophony

kubva muchiGiriki eteros - yakasiyana uye ponn - inzwi

Mhando yepolyphony inoitika panguva yekubatana (kuridza, chiridzwa kana kusanganiswa) kuita kwerwiyo, kana mune imwe kana akati wandei. manzwi anotsauka kubva murwiyo mukuru.

Izwi rokuti "G". yakanga yatoshandiswa nevaGiriki vekare ( Plato, Mitemo, VII, 12), asi revo yakapiwa kwairi panguva iyoyo haisati yanyatsosimbiswa. Zvadaro, izwi rokuti "G". rakawira mukusashandiswa uye rakamutsidzirwa bedzi muna 1901. musayendisiti K. Stumpf, uyo akarishandisa murevo inoratidzwa pamusoro apa.

Kutsauka kubva murwiyo rukuru muna G. kunotemwa nemasikirwo. ita misiyano. kugona kwevanhu. manzwi uye zviridzwa, pamwe chete nekufungidzira kwevatambi. Izvi zvinowanzoitika kune akawanda bunks. mimhanzi tsika midzi yepolyphony. Munziyo dzechivanhu dzakagadzirwa uye instr. tsika dzakavakirwa panat. misiyano, yakasarudzika mafomu ekuvapo kwemabunks. Kusika kwemimhanzi uye maficha evatambi akagadzira aesthetic. tsika, tsika dzepanzvimbo, kuratidzwa kwakasiyana-siyana kweiyo musimboti wekutanga kwakamuka - kusanganisa pamwe chete kwekuora. zvakasiyana-siyana zvemhando imwe chete. Mutsika dzakadaro dzinoonekwa uye dzakasiyana. mirayiridzo yekuvandudzwa kweheterophonic polyphony. Mune zvimwe, zvishongo zvinotungamira, mune vamwe - harmonic, mune vamwe - polyphonic. kusiyana kwenziyo. Kubudirira kweRussia. folk-song polyphony, iyo yakatungamirira pakuumbwa kweimba yekuchengetera yepakutanga - sub-vocal polyphony.

Kunyange zvazvo pasina zviyeuchidzo zvakanyorwa zvinovimbika zvinoratidza nhoroondo yekuvandudzwa kweG., maronda emavambo eheterophonic eNar. polyphony, kusvika pamwero mukuru kana mudiki, yakachengetedzwa kwese kwese. Izvi zvinosimbiswa neese sampuli dzekare polyphony uye ekare mabhangi. nziyo dzenyika dzekuMadokero. Europe:

Sample organum kubva kuchinyorwa "Musica enchiriadis" inonzi yakaitwa naHuqbald. (“Guide to Music”).

Rwiyo rwekutamba rwezana ramakore rechi 13. Kubva pakuunganidzwa kweXI Moser "Tцnende Altertmer".

Rwiyo rwevanhu vekuLithuania "Aust ausrelй, tek saulelй" ("Mambakwedza akabatikana, zuva riri kubuda"). Kubva mubhuku raJ. Čiurlionite "Lithuanian Folk Song Creation". 1966.

Mune akati wandei sampuli, Nar. polyphony Western-European. nyika umo, kazhinji, miitiro yaG. inofananidzwa neyevaSlav. uye kumabvazuva. tsika shoma, musanganiswa wekuvandudza nenzira yekutaura inosarudzwa nemaitiro, kunyanya neinotemwa nedhipatimendi. marudzi akatwasuka, aine hunhu hwakasimbiswa kune dissonance uye consonance. Kune tsika dzakawanda dzinoratidzwa nekubatana (octave) magumo, kufamba kwakafanana kwemanzwi (chetatu, chechina nechishanu), hukuru hwe synchronism mukududzirwa kwemazwi.

Rwiyo rwevanhu vekuRussia "Ivan akaburuka". Kubva muunganidzwa "Russian Folk Nziyo dzePomorie". Yakagadzirwa naSN Kondratiev. 1966.

Iyo heterophonic nheyo inoonekwa zvakare mune yakadai polyphonic folk-song tsika, uko maviri- uye matatu-manzwi asvika yakakura polyphony. Mukuita kuuraya, kupatsanurwa kwemapato ega ega kunowanzoonekwa, nguva nenguva zvichigadzira kuwedzera kwenhamba yemavhoti.

Ornamental "coloring" osn. nziyo mu instr. kuperekedza hunhu hwaG. wevanhu vechiArabu kuChamhembe. Africa. Kutsauka kubva murwiyo rukuru (pamwe chete nenhungirwa dzakaparadzana dzepolyphony) dzinobva mukuitwa kwerwiyo pl. zviridzwa, chimwe nechimwe chinosiyanisa mutinhimira zvichienderana nemaitiro ayo ekuita uye akagadziriswa masimboti ekunaka, anoumba hwaro hwemimhanzi ye gamelan muIndonesia (ona chinyorwa muenzaniso).

Chidimbu kubva mumhanzi ye gamelan. Kubva mubhuku raR. Batka "Geschichte der Musik".

Tsvakurudzo yakasiyana. nar. tsika dzemimhanzi uye kunyatsodzidza uye kushandiswa kwekugadzira nevanyori vemasampuli e nar. hunyanzvi, kusanganisira tsika dzepolyphony, dzakatungamira mukuwedzeredzwa kwemimhanzi yavo nemhando dzeheterophonic dzehukama hwezwi. Mienzaniso yepolyphony yakadaro inowanikwa muWestern Europe. uye Russian classics, vemazuva ano veSoviet uye vekunze vanyori.

References: Melgunov Yu., nziyo dzeRussia, dzakarekodhwa zvakanangana nemanzwi evanhu, vol. 1-2, M. – St. Petersburg, 1879-85; Skrebkov S., Polyphonic analysis, M., 1940; Tyulin. Yu., Pamavambo uye Kukudziridzwa kweHarmony muFolk Music, mu: Essays paTheoretical Musicology, ed. Yu. Tyulin uye A. Butsky. L., 1959; Bershadskaya T., Iwo makuru ekuumbwa mapatani epolyphony yerwiyo rwevanhu vekuRussia rwiyo rwevarimi, L., 1961; Grigoriev S. uye Mueller T., Zvinyorwa zvepolyphony, M., 1961.

TF Müller