Kathleen Ferrier (Ferrier) |

Kathleen Ferrier

VV Timokhin anonyora, kuti: “Kathleen Ferrier aiva nerimwe remanzwi akaisvonaka zvikurusa omuzana redu ramakore. Aive necontralto chaiyo, inosiyaniswa nekudziya kwakakosha uye velvety toni mune rezasi rerejista. Muchikamu chese, inzwi remuimbi rainzwika rakanyorova uye rakapfava. Mukati mayo chaiwo, muchimiro chenzwi, pakanga paine "yekutanga" elegiac uye mutambo wemukati. Dzimwe nguva mazwi mashoma akaimbwa nemuimbi aikwana kugadzira muteereri pfungwa yemufananidzo uzere nekuchema uye kureruka kwakasimba. Hazvishamisi kuti zviri mune iyi toni yemanzwiro umo akawanda eakanakisa zvisikwa zvemuimbi anogadziriswa.

Kathleen Mary Ferrier akaberekwa Kubvumbi 22, 1912 mutaundi reHaiger Walton (Lancashire), kuchamhembe kweEngland. Vabereki vake pachavo vakaimba mukwaya uye kubva paudiki vakaisa mumusikana rudo rwemimhanzi. KuBlackburn High School, kwakadzidziswa Kathleen, akadzidzawo kuridza piyano, akaimba mukwaya, uye akawana ruzivo rwezvidzidzo zvemumhanzi. Izvi zvakamubatsira kuti akunde mumakwikwi evaimbi vechidiki, akaitirwa muguta raiva pedyo. Sezvineiwo, akawana mibairo miviri yekutanga kamwechete - mukuimba uye mupiyano.

Zvisinei, mamiriro ezvemari akaipa evabereki vake akaita kuti kwemakore anoverengeka Kathleen ashande somutarisiri werunhare. Chete pazera remakore makumi maviri nemasere (!) Akatanga kutora zvidzidzo zvekuimba muBlackburn. Panguva iyoyo, Hondo Yenyika II yakanga yatanga. Saka maitirwo ekutanga emuimbi aive mumafekitori nezvipatara, panzvimbo yemauto.

Kathleen akaimba nenziyo dzechiRungu, uye nekubudirira kukuru. Vakabva vatanga kumuda: kunaka kwezwi rake uye maitiro asina unyanzvi akakwezva vateereri. Dzimwe nguva muimbi anoshuva akakokwa kumakonzati chaiwo, nekutora chikamu kwevaimbi vane hunyanzvi. Imwe yemitambo iyi yakaonekwa nemukurumbira conductor Malcolm Sargent. Akakurudzira muimbi wechidiki kuhutungamiri hwesangano reLondon Concert.

Muna December 1942, Ferrier akaonekwa muLondon, kwaakadzidza nemuimbi akakurumbira uye mudzidzisi Roy Henderson. Nenguva isipi akatanga mitambo yake. Kathleen akaimba ari ega uye nekwaya dzinotungamira dzeChirungu. Neyekupedzisira, akaita oratorios naHandel naMendelssohn, asingaiti naBach. Muna 1943, Ferrière akaita debut yake semuimbi ane hunyanzvi muHandel's Messiah.

Muna 1946, muimbi wacho akasangana nemuimbi Benjamin Britten, ane zita rakanga riri pamiromo yevaimbi vose venyika mushure mekutanga kweOpera yake Peter Grimes. Britten akanga achishanda pane imwe opera, The Lamentation of Lucretia, uye akanga atotsanangura kare. Chete bato re heroine - Lucretia, mufananidzo wekuchena, fragility uye kusachengeteka kwemweya wechikadzi, kwenguva yakareba haana kutya kupa chero munhu. Pakupedzisira, Britten akarangarira Ferrière, muimbi we contralto waakanzwa gore rapfuura.

Kuchema kweLucretia kwakatanga muna Chikunguru 12, 1946, pamutambo wekutanga wepashure pehondo Glyndebourne. Opera yakabudirira. Zvadaro, boka reGlyndebourne Festival, iro raisanganisira Kathleen Ferrier, rakazviita kanopfuura makumi matanhatu mumaguta akasiyana-siyana enyika. Saka zita remuimbi rakasvika pakuzivikanwa zvakanyanya pakati pevateereri vechiRungu.

Kwapera gore, Mutambo weGlyndebourne wakavhurwazve nekugadzirwa kwe opera ine Ferrière, panguva ino naGluck's Orpheus naEurydice.

Zvikamu zveLucretia neOrpheus zvakaganhurira Ferrier basa rekuvhiya. Chikamu cheOrpheus ndiro chete basa remugadziri aifamba naye muhupenyu hwake hupfupi hwehunyanzvi. "Mukuridza kwake, muimbi akaunza maratidziro anoratidza," anodaro VV Timokhin. -Izwi remuimbi raipenya nemavara mazhinji - matte, akatetepa, akajeka, akakora. Nzira yake kune aria yakakurumbira "Ndakarasikirwa neEurydice" (chiito chechitatu) inoratidza. Kune vamwe vaimbi (zvakakwana kuyeuka munyaya iyi muturikiri anoshamisa webasa raOrpheus pachikwata cheGermany, Margaret Klose), iyi aria inonzwika seLargo anochema, akajekeswa. Ferrier inoipa zvakanyanya kumhanyisa, kumhanyisa kunoshamisa, uye iyo aria pachayo inotora hunhu hwakasiyana zvachose - kwete hufundisi hwekushongedza, asi hune shungu ... ".

Mushure meimwe yemitambo, achipindura kurumbidzwa kweanoyemura tarenda rake, Ferrier akati: “Ehe, basa iri riri padyo neni. Kuti upe zvese zvaunazvo kurwira rudo rwako - semunhu uye muimbi, ndinonzwa kugara ndakagadzirira danho iri.

Asi muimbi wacho akanyanya kukwezvwa padanho rekonzati. Muna 1947, paMutambo weEdinburgh, akaridza Mahler's symphony-cantata Rwiyo rwePasi. Inotungamirirwa naBruno Walter. Kuita kwesymphony kwakava kunakidza pamutambo.

Kazhinji, kududzira kwaFerrier kwemabasa aMahler kwakagadzira peji rinoshamisa munhoroondo yeunyanzvi hwemazwi hwemazuva ano. VV inonyora pamusoro peizvi zvakajeka uye zvine mavara. Timokhin:

"Zvinoita sekunge kusuwa kwaMahler, tsitsi kune magamba ake zvakawana mhinduro yakakosha mumoyo wemuimbi ...

Ferrier anonzwa zvinoshamisa zvinyoro-nyoro kutanga kwemufananidzo uye mufananidzo wemumhanzi waMahler. Asi pendi yake yezwi haisi yakanaka chete, inodziyirwa neinopisa yekutora chikamu, tsitsi dzevanhu. Kutamba kwemuimbi hakuna kutsigirwa muhurongwa hwakashata, hwekamuri-yepedyo, inotora nekunakidzwa kwerwiyo, kujekeswa kwenhetembo.

Kubva ipapo, Walter naFerrier vave shamwari huru uye kazhinji vaitamba pamwechete. Mutungamiriri akafunga Ferrière "mumwe wevaimbi vakuru vechizvarwa chedu". NaWalter semuimbi wepiyano-muperekedzi, muimbi akapa rwiyo rwega paMutambo weEdinburgh wa1949, akaimba paSalzburg Mutambo wegore rimwe chetero, uye akatamba pa1950 Edinburgh Mutambo muBrahms 'Rhapsody yeMezzo-Soprano.

Naiyi conductor, Ferrier akaita debut yake muna Ndira 1948 paivhu reAmerica mune imwecheteyo symphony "Rwiyo rwePasi". Mushure mekonzati muNew York, vatsoropodzi vemimhanzi vakanyanya kwazvo muUnited States vakapindura muimbi wekutanga neongororo ine shungu.

Mutambi uyu akashanyira United States kaviri pakushanya. Muna March 1949, konzati yake yekutanga yega yakaitika muNew York. Mugore rimwe chetero, Ferrier akaita muCanada neCuba. Kazhinji muimbi aiimba munyika dzeScandinavia. Makonzati ake muCopenhagen, Oslo, Stockholm agara ari budiriro huru.

Ferrier aiwanzoitwa paDutch Music Festival. Pamutambo wekutanga, muna 1948, akaimba "Rwiyo Rwenyika", uye pamitambo ye1949 na1951 akaita chikamu cheOrpheus, zvichikonzera kufarira kwakabvumirana kubva kuvanhu uye vezvenhau. MuHolland, muna Chikunguru 1949, nekutora chikamu kwemuimbi, iyo yekutanga premiere yeBritten's "Spring Symphony" yakaitwa. Pakupera kwema40s, zvinyorwa zvekutanga zveFerrier zvakaonekwa. Mune discography yemuimbi, nzvimbo yakakosha inogarwa nerekodhi dzenziyo dzechiRungu, rudo rwaakatakura muhupenyu hwake hwese.

Muna June 1950, muimbi akatora chikamu International Bach Festival muVienna. Kuita kwaFerrière kwekutanga pamberi pevateereri veko kwaive muMatthew Passion paMusikverein muVienna.

"Mamiriro akasarudzika ehunyanzvi hweFerrier - hukuru hwepamusoro uye hungwaru nyore - zvinonyanya kushamisa mukududzira kwake kweBach, kuzere nekudzika kwakadzika uye kujekerwa," anonyora VV Timokhin. - Ferrier anonzwa zvakakwana kukudzwa kwemimhanzi yaBach, kukosha kwayo kwehuzivi uye runako rwakanyanya. Nekupfuma kwetimbre palette yezwi rake, anopenda mutsara wezwi waBach, unoupa zvinoshamisa "multicolor" uye, zvakanyanya kukosha, manzwiro "voluminousness". Mutsara wega wega weFerrier unodziyirwa nekunzwa kwakadzama - hongu, hauna chimiro chekutaura kwerudo kwakavhurika. Matauriro emuimbi anogara achidzorwa, asi pane humwe hunhu hunoshamisa maari - hupfumi hwepfungwa nuances, iyo inonyanya kukosha kumimhanzi yaBach. Kana Ferrier achiburitsa hunhu hwekusuwa muizwi rake, mutereri haasiye manzwiro ekuti mhodzi yekukonana kunoshamisa iri kuibva muura hwake. Saizvozvovo, kupenya kwemuimbi, kufara, kukwidziridzwa kunzwa kune "spektrum" yake - kutya kudedera, kusagadzikana, kukurumidza.

Muna 1952, guta guru reAustria rakagamuchira Ferrier mushure mekuita kwakanaka kwechikamu che mezzo-soprano muRwiyo rwePasi. Panguva iyoyo, muimbi akanga atoziva kuti akanga achirwara zvokuda kufa, kusimba kwekuita kwake kwakaderedzwa zvakanyanya.

Muna February 1953, muimbi akawana simba kudzokera pachikuva Covent Garden Theater, apo mudiwa wake Orpheus akaitirwa. Akaita chete mumitambo miviri kubva pane ina yakarongwa, asi, kunyangwe kurwara kwake, aive nehunyanzvi senguva dzose.

Somuenzaniso, mutsoropodzi Winton Dean, akanyora mumagazini yeOpera nezvemutambo wokutanga musi waFebruary 3, 1953, kuti: “Runako runoshamisa rweizwi rake, mumhanzi wepamusoro uye chido chikuru zvakabvumira muimbi kuti aratidze musimboti chaiwo wengano yaOrpheus. kusuruvara kwekurasikirwa kwevanhu uye simba rinokunda rose remimhanzi. Chitarisiko chechikamu cheFerrier, chinogara chichiratidzira zvakanyanya, chainyanya kufadza panguva ino. Pamusoro pazvo, kwaive kuita kwerunako rwunoyemurika uye kubatwa-batwa zvekuti akadarika vese vaaishanda navo.

Maiwe, pana Gumiguru 8, 1953, Ferrier akafa.