Fyodor Volkov |

Fyodor Volkov

Mutambi weRussia uye mutungamiriri, akafunga kuti ndiye muvambi weiyo yekutanga yeruzhinji nyanzvi yemitambo muRussia.

Fedor Volkov akaberekwa muna Kukadzi 9, 1729 muKostroma, uye akafa musi waApril 4, 1763 muMoscow kubva kurwara. Baba vake vaiva mutengesi kubva kuKostroma, uyo akafa apo mukomana achiri muduku zvikuru. Muna 1735, amai vake vakaroora mutengesi Polushnikov, uyo akazova baba vokurera vaFyodor vane hanya. Apo Fedor aiva nemakore 12 okuberekwa, akatumirwa kuMoscow kudzidza mabhizimisi maindasitiri. Ikoko jaya racho rakadzidza mutauro wechiGermany, uyo akazonyatsogona. Ipapo akatanga kufarira mitambo yemitambo yevadzidzi veSlavic-Greek-Latin Academy. Novikov akataura nezvemurume wechidiki uyu semudzidzi aishingaira uye anoshingaira, ainyanya kufarira sainzi nehunyanzvi: "aive akabatikana zvakanyanya ... neruzivo rwesainzi nehunyanzvi."

Muna 1746, Volkov akauya kuSt. Petersburg nebhizimisi, asi haana kusiya chido chake zvakare. Kunyanya, vanoti kushanyira dare remitambo kwakamukurudzira zvikuru zvokuti mumakore maviri akatevera, jaya racho rakatanga kudzidza nezvemitambo yemitambo uye kuita zvemitambo. Muna 1748, baba vokurera vaFyodor vakafa, uye akagara nhaka mafekitari, asi mweya wejaya wakarara zvakanyanya mumunda weunyanzvi kupfuura mukutungamirira mafekitari, uye nokukurumidza Fyodor akapa zvinhu zvose kumukoma wake, achisarudza kuzvipira kumitambo yemitambo. mabasa.

MuYaroslavl, akaunganidza shamwari dzakamupoteredza - vanoda zvemitambo yemitambo, uye munguva pfupi boka iri rakasimbiswa rakapa maitiro ayo ekutanga emitambo. Kutanga kwakaitika musi waChikunguru 10, 1750 mudura rekare iro mushambadzi Polushkin akashandisa seimba yekuchengetera zvinhu. Volkov akaita mutambo "Estere" mushanduro yake pachake. Gore rakatevera racho, imba yemitambo yemapuranga yakavakwa pamahombekombe eVolga, iyo yaigara boka reVolkov. Kuberekwa kweimba yemitambo itsva kwakaratidzwa nekugadzirwa kwemutambo naAP Sumarokov "Khorev". MuVolkov Theatre, kunze kwake, hama dzake Grigory naGavrila, "mabharani" Ivan Ikonnikov naYakov Popov, "mufundisi" Ivan Dmitrevsky, "vezera" Semyon Kuklin naAlexei Popov, mugeri Yakov Shumsky, vagari vemuguta Semyon Skachkov. uye Demyan Galik akaridza . Zvechokwadi yakanga iri imba yemitambo yokutanga muRussia.

Runyerekupe pamusoro peVolkov Theatre rwakasvika kuSt. , uye avo vachiri kuda nokuda kweizvi, uyai nayo kuSt. Petersburg <...> kuti vanhu ava nezvinhu zvavo vauye kuno nokukurumidza, kuti vape zvingoro zvegomba nokuda kwavo uye nokuda kwavo kubva kumari yepfuma…”. Nenguva isipi Volkov nevatambi vake vakatamba mitambo yavo muSt. Iyo repertoire yaisanganisira: njodzi naAP Sumarokov "Khorev", "Sinav naTruvor", pamwe ne "Hamlet".

Muna 1756, iyo yeRussia Theatre yeMharidzo yeNhamo neMakodhi yakasimbiswa zviri pamutemo. Saka yakatanga nhoroondo yeImperial theatre muRussia. Fyodor Volkov akagadzwa "mutambi wekutanga weRussia", uye Alexander Sumarokov akava mutungamiriri weimba yemitambo (Volkov akatora nzvimbo iyi muna 1761).

Fedor Volkov akanga asiri mutambi uye muturikiri chete, asiwo munyori wemitambo yakawanda. Pakati pavo pane "Dare reShemyakin", "Yeremey Yese Uzvinzwisise", "Kuvaraidza kweVagari veMoscow pamusoro peMaslenitsa" nevamwe - vose, zvinosuruvarisa, havana kuchengetedzwa kusvikira nhasi. Volkov akanyorawo maodes akasimba, imwe yadzo yakatsaurirwa kuna Peter Mukuru, nziyo (kune "Uri kupfuura nesero, mudiwa" nezvemumongi akamanikidzwa uye "Ngativei, hama, kuimba rwiyo rwekare, mararamiro evanhu. muzana remakore rokutanga” nezvenguva yakapfuura Golden Age ). Mukuwedzera, Volkov akabatanidzwa mukugadzirwa kwezvigadzirwa zvake - zvose zveunyanzvi uye zvemimhanzi. Uye iye pachake akaridza zviridzwa zvakasiyana-siyana.

Basa raVolkov mu coup d'état rakaunza Empress Catherine Mukuru kuchigaro cheRussia haanzwisisike. Pane kukakavara kunozivikanwa pakati pemutambo wemitambo uye Peter III, uyo akaramba mabasa aVolkov semunyori uye mutungamiriri wemitambo yeOranienbaum Theatre. Ipapo Petro akanga achiri Grand Duke, asi hukama, sezviri pachena, hwakaparadzwa zvachose. Apo Catherine akava mambokadzi, Fyodor Volkov akabvumirwa kupinda muhofisi yake pasina mushumo, uyo, chokwadika, akataura nezvemaitiro anokosha emambokadzi ku "mutambi wekutanga weRussia."

Fedor Volkov akazviratidza semutungamiriri. Kunyanya, ndiye akaita masquerade "Triumphant Minerva" yakarongwa muMoscow muna 1763 mukukudza kugadzwa kwaCatherine II. Zvechokwadi, mufananidzo wacho hauna kusarudzwa nemukana. Mwarikadzi weuchenjeri uye kururamisira, mutsigiri wesayenzi, unyanzvi uye mhizha akafananidza mukadzikadzi pachake. Muchigadzirwa ichi, Fyodor Volkov akaziva zviroto zvake zvezera regoridhe, umo uipi hunobviswa uye tsika dzinokura.

Zvisinei, basa iri rakanga riri rokupedzisira. Masquerade yakagara mazuva matatu muchando chakanyanya. Fedor Grigoryevich Volkov, uyo akatora chikamu mukuita kwayo, akarwara uye akafa musi waApril 3, 4.