Nhoroondo ye harmonium

Iyo nhengo nhasi mumiriri wekare. Icho chikamu chakakosha cheChechi yeKatorike, inogona kuwanikwa mune dzimwe dzimba dzekonzati uye muPhilharmonic. Harmonium zvakare ndeyemhuri yenhengo.

Physharmonia chiridzwa chetsanga kiibhodhi chemimhanzi. Inzwi rinoitwa nerubatsiro rwetsanga dzesimbi, iyo, pasi pesimba remhepo, inoita oscillatory kufamba. Muiti anongoda kudzvanya mapedal ari pasi pechiridzwa. Pakati pechiridzwa pane keyboard, uye pasi payo pane akati wandei mapapiro uye pedals. Chinonyanya kukosha cheharmonium ndechekuti inodzorwa kwete nemaoko chete, asiwo nemakumbo nemabvi. Nekubatsirwa kwezvivharo, mavara ane simba ezwi rinoshanduka.

Iyo harmonium yakafanana nepiyano, asi zviridzwa zviviri izvi zvemhuri dzakasiyana hazvifanirwe kuvhiringika. Maererano netsika refu, chiridzwa chacho chakagadzirwa nematanda. Harmonium inosvika 150 cm kureba uye 130 cm yakafara. Kutenda kune mashanu octave, unogona kuridza chero mimhanzi uye kunyange kunatsiridza pairi. Iyo chiridzwa ndeyekirasi yeaerophones.

Nhoroondo ye harmonium inodzokera kuzana remakore rechi19. Zviitiko zvinoverengeka zvakabatsira pakusikwa kwechiridzwa chemimhanzi. Mukuru wenhengo dzeCzechia F. Kirshnik, uyo aigara muSt. Petersburg muna 1784, akatanga nzira itsva yokubvisa nayo manzwi. Akagadzira michina ye espressivo, iyo yaigona kukwidziridzwa kana kuti kuderedza inzwi. Zvese zvaienderana nekudzika kwakaita muiti akadzvanya kiyi ("kudzvanya kaviri"). Ndiyo nzira iyo VF Odoevsky yakashandiswa muna 1849 mukugadzira mini-organ "Sebastianon".

Muna 1790 muWarsaw, mudzidzi weKirschnik, Raknitz, shanduko yakaitwa kuGI Vogler (ndimi dzinotsvedza), waakafamba naye nyika zhinji dzepasi. Chigadzirwa chacho chakaramba chichivandudzika, nguva imwe neimwe chimwe chinhu chitsva chakatangwa.

Iyo prototype ye harmonium, iyo inoratidzira nhengo, yakagadzirwa naG.Zh. Grenier muna 1810. Muna 1816, chigadzirwa chakavandudzwa chakaratidzwa neGermany master ID Bushman, uye muna 1818 naViennese master A. Heckl. Yaiva A. Heckl uyo akadana chiridzwa ichi "harmonium". Gare gare AF Deben akagadzira harmonium diki, yakaita sepiyano.

Muna 1854, tenzi wechiFrench V. Mustel akapa harmonium ne "kutaura kaviri" ("kutaura kaviri"). Chiridzwa chacho chaiva nemabhuku maviri ezvinyorwa, 6-20 rejista, iyo yakavhurwa nerubatsiro rwemapuranga emapuranga kana nekudzvanya mabhatani. Iyo keyboard yakakamurwa kuita mativi maviri (kuruboshwe uye kurudyi). Mukati maiva ne“seti” mbiri dzinoshanda dzembariro dzine maregister. Kubva muzana remakore rechi19, dhizaini yakaramba ichivandudza. Kutanga, perkussion yakaunzwa muchiridzwa, icho chaikwanisika kupa kurwisa kwakajeka kwezwi, ipapo chigadziriso chekuwedzera, icho chakaita kuti zvikwanise kurebesa inzwi.

Muzana remakore rechi19 ne20, harmonium yainyanya kushandiswa kugadzira mimhanzi yepamusha. Panguva ino, "harmonium" yaiwanzonzi "nhengo". Asi, avo chete vakanga vari kure nemimhanzi vakazvidana izvozvo, sezvo nhengo iri mhepo tubular chiridzwa, uye harmonium rutsanga.

Kubva pakati pezana remakore rechi20, yave ichinyanya kufarirwa. Nhasi, hapana akawanda maharmoniums akagadzirwa, mafeni echokwadi chete anotenga. Chiridzwa ichi chichiri kubatsira kune nyanzvi dzemitambo panguva yekudzokorora, kudzidza zvinyorwa zvitsva uye kudzidzisa maoko netsoka. Iyo harmonium inotora nzvimbo yakakurumbira munhoroondo yezviridzwa zvemimhanzi.