Ralph Vaughan Williams |
Ralph Vaughan Williams
Muimbi wechiRungu, munyori wenziyo uye mumhanzi weruzhinji, muunganidzi uye muongorori weChirungu mimhanzi ngano. Akadzidza paTrinity College, Cambridge University naC. Wood uye paRoyal College of Music muLondon (1892-96) naX. Parry naC. Stanford (kuumbwa), W. Parrett (ogani); akavandudzwa mukunyorwa naM. Bruch muBerlin, naM. Ravel muParis. Kubva 1896-99 aive organist kuSouth Lambeth Church muLondon. Kubva 1904 anga ari nhengo yeFolk Song Society. Kubva 1919 akadzidzisa kuumbwa paRoyal College of Music (kubva muna 1921 purofesa). Muna 1920-28 mukuru weBach Choir.
Vaughan Williams ndomumwe wevavambi vechikoro chitsva cheChirungu chekuumbwa ("Chirungu musical renaissance"), iyo yakazivisa kukosha kwekugadzira mimhanzi yehunyanzvi yenyika yakavakirwa pangano dzemumhanzi wechiRungu uye tsika dzevatenzi vechirungu ve16th ne17th century; akasimbisa pfungwa dzake nebasa rake, achizvibatanidza mumabasa emhando dzakasiyana-siyana: 3 "Norfolk rhapsodies" ("Norfolk rhapsodies", 1904-06) ye symphony orchestra, fungidziro pamusoro pedingindira reTallis kune kaviri tambo orchestra ("Fantasia on a theme by Tallis”, 1910), the 2nd London Symphony (“London symphony”, 1914, 2nd ed. 1920), opera “Hugh the Gurtmaker” (op. 1914), nezvimwewo.
Kubudirira kwake kwakanyanya mumunda we symphonic uye mimhanzi yekwaya. Mune akati wandei esymphonic mabasa akaitwa naVaughan Williams, zvikamu zvenhoroondo yevanhu vechiRungu zvakamisikidzwa, mifananidzo yechokwadi yehupenyu hweEngland yemazuva ano inogadzirwazve, mimhanzi yaakakwevera zvakanyanya kubva kuChirungu mimhanzi ngano.
Vaughan-Williams's symphonic mabasa anosiyaniswa nehunhu hwawo hunoshamisa (4th symphony), kujeka kwenziyo, kugona kwekutungamira kwezwi, uye hunyanzvi hwekuimba, umo simba reImpressionists rinonzwika. Pakati pemabasa makuru ezwi, symphonic uye kwaya pane oratorios uye cantatas akagadzirirwa kuita chechi. Pamaopera, "Sir John muRudo" ("Sir John muRudo", 1929, yakabva pa "The Windsor Gossips" naW. Shakespeare) inonakidzwa nekubudirira kukuru. Vaughan Williams aive mumwe wevanyori vekutanga veChirungu vakashanda nesimba mubhaisikopo (ye symphony yake yechinomwe yakanyorwa pahwaro hwemumhanzi wefirimu nezve polar explorer RF Scott).
Basa raVaughan-Williams rinoratidzwa nehukuru hwemazano, mavambo emumhanzi uye anoratidza nzira, hunhu uye kuda nyika. Vaughan-Williams's kunyora-kutsoropodza uye kutapira chiitiko chakaita basa rakakosha mukuumbwa kwechirungu mimhanzi tsika yezana ramakore rechi20.
MM Yakovlev
Zvinyorwa:
opareta (6) - Hugh mutyairi (1924, London), Kutsvoda muchetura (Kutsvoda muchetura, 1936, Cambridge), Vatasvi vegungwa (1937, London), Kufambira mberi kwemupilgrim, kwete kuBenyan, 1951, London) nevamwe. ; ballet — Old King Cole (Old King Cole, 1923), Christmas night (PaKisimusi husiku, 1926, Chicago), Job (Jobho, 1931, London); oratories, cantatas; yeorchestra - 9 symphonies (1909-58), kusanganisira. software - 1st, Marine (A sea symphony, 1910, yekwaya, soloists uye orchestra kumashoko naW. Whitman), 3rd, Pastoral (Pastoral, 1921), 6th (1947, mushure me "The Tempest" naU. Shakespeare), 7th, Antarctic (Sinfonia antarctica, 1952); nziyo dzezviridzwa, chamber ensembles; piyano uye organ zvinyorwa; kwaya, nziyo; gadziriro dzenziyo dzechiRungu; mimhanzi yeatheater uye cinema.
Literary works: Kuumbwa kwemimhanzi. Mushure memashoko uye manotsi naSA Kondratiev, M., 1961.
References: Konen W., Ralph Vaughan Williams. Nyaya yehupenyu uye kusika, M., 1958.
