Major-diki |
Mukuru-mudiki, huru-diki system.
1) Izwi rinoratidza mubatanidzwa wemamodhi ezvakapesana zvakarerekera mukati meimwe system. Mhando dzinonyanya kuzivikanwa ndeidzi: zita rezita guru-zvidiki (major mode akakwenenzverwa nechords uye kutendeuka kwenziyo kweiyo eponymous minor) uye, zvishoma kazhinji, eponymous minor-major (diki yakashongedzwa nezvikamu zveeponymous major); kuM.-m. sanganisirawo musanganiswa weparallel modes - harmonic. huru uye harmonic. diki. Mm. pamwe chete nechromatic system ndeimwe yemhando dzeakawedzera modal system ("yakawedzera tonality" - maererano naGL Catuar, IV Sposobin).
Mukuru-mudiki
Minoro major
Major; parallel system chords
Minor; parallel system chords
Kushandiswa kwezvakanyanya kuwirirana M. - m. (yakaderera VI uye III nhanho muM.-m., yakakwirira III uye VI mudiki-hombe, zvichingodaro.) inopa fret multicolor, kupenya, inoshongedza rwiyo nemapinduri matsva epolymodal:
MP Mussorgsky. Romance "Gomo repamusoro rakabhururuka chinyararire ...".
SV Rachmaninov. Romance "Mangwanani".
Nhoroondo M.-m. seyakakosha polymodal sisitimu yakagadziridzwa mukati memukati meiyo classical. tonal system. Pfungwa yedhiatonic huru uye diki zvine musoro inotungamira pfungwa yeM.-m. Nekudaro, hama chiitiko chinowanikwa mune polyphonic homophonic mabasa. yeRenaissance (sezvakaita, yekutanga, ichiri isina mutsauko M.-m.), apo, semuenzaniso, mutemo waive wekupedzisa cadences madiki maDorian, Phrygian uye Aeolian tones ane hukuru hutatu (ona chord chati ye akadaro Dorian M.-m. mubhuku. ” History of Musical Culture” naR. Gruber (vol. 1, part 1, M.-L., 1941, p. 399)). Izvo zvakasara zveiyi isiri-musiyano yakapinda mu tonal system muchimiro cheiyo huru inotonga yediki uye kudyidzana kwayo nemasikirwo madiki chords (ona, semuenzaniso, mabara 8-11 e2nd kufamba kweBach's Italian Concerto), se pamwe chete nenzira yehukuru ("Picardian") yechitatu pamagumo ediki op. Munguva yeBaroque, kuratidzwa kweM.-m. mupfungwa chaiyo inogona kunzi Ch. arr. kusiyanisa kwemukuru uye mudiki wezita rimwechete mukati megadziriro yekuvaka kumwe (prelude D-dur kubva ku1st movement yeBach's Well-Tempered Clavier, vols. 27-35), nguva nenguva ichingosvika pakusumwa kwechords of the mudiki wezita rimwe chetero mune guru (JS Bach, nhanganyaya yekwaya “O Mensch, bewein' dein' Sünde gross” yenhengo). PaViennese classics M. - m. inova chishandiso chakasimba nekuda kwekuwedzera kwekusiyana pakati pemamodhi akajeka makuru uye madiki. Kusiyana kwezita rimwe chetero kunoshandiswa zvine hungwaru muzvirevo, pre-cadence zvikamu, pakati nebudiriro (DA modulation in the 1st movement of Beethoven's 2nd symphony), dzimwe nguva ine emphatically coloristic. mhedzisiro (Beethoven's 16th sonata yepiyano, chikamu 1). Wok. Munziyo, kuunzwa kwemakord emuoti yakapesana mukurerekera kunoshandawo kuratidza mutsauko wenhetembo. mifananidzo (Leporello's aria kubva kuopera "Don Giovanni" naMozart). Zuva rekufara kweM.-m. mumarudzi ayo ose anowira panguva yerudo (F. Schubert, F. Liszt, R. Wagner, E. Grieg, MI Glinka, MP Mussorgsky, NA Rimsky-Korsakov). Misanganiswa mikuru-madiki inosvika pakuwanda uye kunyorova, kunosvika kureshiyo yemakiyi, chords, uye nziyo. marevolutions (ona muenzaniso uri pamusoro). Kuisa pane mumwe nemumwe, hukama hweM.-m. kupa kusimuka kune tertian cheni dzakafanana dzenguva (semuenzaniso, kutevedzana kwekutevera: yakaderera VI kusvika yakaderera VI inotungamira mukudzokera padanho I; 1st chikamu cheRimsky-Korsakov's Antar). Mumimhanzi yezana remakore rechi20 Mm. inoshandiswa sechishandiso chetsika pamwe chete neicho chakawedzera chromatic. system (neSS Prokofiev, DD Shostakovich, P. Hindemith nevamwe vanyori).
Sezvo inokosha modal hurongwa M.-m. yakazadzikiswa mukati. Muzana remakore rechi19, kunyanya mudzidziso dzehafu yekutanga. 1th century Theorists ye20st floor. uye ser. 1th century (G. Weber, AB Marx, FJ Fetis) vainzwisisa maitiro sedhiyabhorosi yakaganhurirwa. system, kududzira zvinhu zve "kupikisa" sekupfuura miganhu yegadziriro ("leiterfremde" - "alien to the scale", maererano neshoko rechiGerman). Muchidzidzo cheFetis che tonality, kufemerwa kwepolysystems kwave kutooneka, uko M.-m. (pfungwa dze "pluritonality", "omnitonality"). X. Riemann anotaura nezve "mixed moods", achikurudzira kuvadaidza kuti "madiki-makuru" uye "major-madiki", asi iye ane mundangariro mhando shoma dzemisanganiswa yakadaro (somuenzaniso, diki subdominant muhombe). Mharidzo yakadzama yedzidziso yeM.-m. inowanikwa kubva kuna FO Gewart. MuchiRussian lit-re pfungwa M.-m. inowanikwa muBL Yavorsky (mazwi: pakutanga "major-diki", gare gare - "chain mode"). Zvakafanana nedzidziso yaGewart yeM.-m. inoiswa mberi naGL Catuar (pasi pezita rokuti "major-diki ten-ton system") uye yakagadziridzwa zvakare naIV Sposobin.
2) Mazita emhando yepamusoro. iyo tonal system yezvikuru nezvidiki zvinopesana neyekare, modal system uye atonal masisitimu ezana ramakore rechi20.
References: Yavorsky B., Chimiro chekutaura kwemimhanzi (zvinhu uye zvinyorwa), zvikamu 1-3, M., 1908; Catuar G., Theoretical course of harmony, chikamu 1, M., 1924; Inoshanda kosi yekubatana, zvikamu 1-2, M., 1934-35 (Sposobin I., Dubovsky I., Evseev S., Sokolov V.); Berkov V., Harmony, chikamu 1-3, M., 1962-1966, 1970; Sposobin I., Hurukuro pakufamba kwekuwirirana, M., 1969; Kirina K., Major Minor muViennese Classics uye Schubert, muna Sat: Art uye Mitauro Yekune dzimwe nyika, (Chikamu 2), A.-A., 1966; yake pachake, iyo Major-Minor sisitimu mubasa raDB Kabalevsky (zvichibva pane zvekutsvagisa zvinhu), ibid.
Yu. N. Kholopov
