Conservatory |

ital. conservatorio, French conservatoire, eng. Conservatory, germ. Konservatorium, kubva kuLat. kuchengetedza - kuchengetedza

Pakutanga, K. yainzi makomo muItaly. misha yenherera nevasina misha, uko vana vaidzidziswa mabasa emaoko, pamwe chete nenziyo, kunyanya kuimba (kuitira kudzidzisa vaimbi vekwaya dzechechi). Wokutanga wavo ndiye muna 1537 muNaples - "Santa Maria di Loreto". Muzana ramakore rechi 16 mamwe matumba matatu akavhurwa muNaples: "Pieta dei Turchini", "Dei believe di Gesu Cristo" uye "Sant'Onofrio a Capuana". Muzana remakore rechi3 kudzidzisa mimhanzi yakatora DOS. nzvimbo mudzidzo yevana vokurera. Dzimba idzi dzaidzidzisawo vaimbi nevaimbi. Muna 17 "Santa Maria di Loreto" uye "Sant'Onofrio" akabatanidzwa, achigamuchira zita. K. "Loreto a Capuana". Muna 1797, 1806 dzakasara dzenherera dzakabatana naye, dzichigadzira Mambo. music College, gare gare Mambo. K. "San Pietro a Maiella".

MuVenice, zvivako zvemhando iyi. ospedale (kureva, chipatara, musha wenherera, musha wenherera wevarombo, vanorwara). Muzana remakore rechi16 rakakurumbira: "Della Pieta", "Dei Mendicanti", "Inurabili" uye ospedaletto (chete yevasikana) "Santi Giovanni e Paolo". Muzana remakore rechi18 mabasa ezvivako izvi akaderera. Yakatangwa muna 1877, Benedetto Marcello Society yakavhura mimhanzi muVenice. Iyo lyceum, iyo yakava state lyceum muna 1895, yakaenzaniswa nechikoro chepamusoro muna 1916, uye muna 1940 yakashandurwa kuita State Lyceum. K. im. Benedetto Marcello.

MuRoma muna 1566, Palestrina akatanga ungano (sosaiti) yevaimbi, kubva muna 1838 - Academy (iri mumachechi akasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira Basilica yeSanta Cecilia). Muna 1876, pa Academy "Santa Cecilia" akazarura mimhanzi. lyceum (kubvira 1919 K. "Santa Cecilia").

Muzana remakore rechi18 ital. K., uko vatorwa vakadzidzawo, vakatoita basa guru mukudzidziswa kwevaimbi nevaimbi. Nekuda kwekukura kuri kuda kudzidziswa kwaProf. vaimbi munyika dzinoverengeka Zap. Europe muzana remakore rechi18 kwaiva nemimhanzi inokosha uch. masangano. Pakati pemasangano ekutanga erudzi urwu ndiMambo. chikoro chekuimba nekudzokorora muParis (chakarongwa muna 1784 paRoyal Academy of Music; muna 1793 chakabatanidzwa nechikoro chemimhanzi cheNational Guard, chichiita National Music Institute, kubva muna 1795 Faculty of Music and Recitation). (Muna 1896, Schola Cantorum yakavhurwawo muParis.) Muna 1771, Mambo akatanga kushanda muStockholm. Chikoro Chepamusoro cheMumhanzi (kubva 1880 Academy of Music, kubva 1940 K.)

Mimwe mimhanzi. uch. masangano akadai seK. dzinonzi academy, muses. in-tami, zvikoro zvepamusoro zvemimhanzi, lyceums, makoreji. Muzana remakore rechi19 makirabhu mazhinji akagadzirwa: muBologna (muna 1804 iyo Music Lyceum, muna 1914 yakagamuchira chimiro chekirabhu, muna 1925 yakatumidzwa zita reG. B. Martini, kubvira 1942 State K. zita raG. B. Martini), Berlin (mu1804 chikoro chekuimba, chakatangwa naC. F. Zelter, panzvimbo imwe chete muna 1820 inokosha dzidzo sangano yakavambwa naye, kubva 1822 Institute kuti kudzidziswa organist uye chikoro vadzidzisi mimhanzi, kubva 1875 Royal Institute of Church Music , kubva 1922 State Academy of Church uye School Music, mu 1933-45 Chikoro Chepamusoro cheDzidzo yeMimhanzi, yakazobatanidzwa muChikoro Chepamusoro cheMimhanzi, muguta rimwe chetero muna 1850, yakavambwa naY. Stern, gare gare iyo Stern Conservatory, mushure meGuta reK. (muWest Berlin), munzvimbo imwechete mu2 Higher School of Music, yakavambwa naJ. Joachim, munzvimbo imwechete muna 1869 iyo State K., gare gare Chikoro chepamusoro cheMumhanzi chakatumidzwa zita re X. Eisler), Milan (muna 1950 Chikoro cheMumhanzi, kubvira 1808 iyo G. Verdi C.), Florence (muna 1908 chikoro paAcademy of Arts, kubva 1811 the Music Institute, kubva 1849 the Music School, kubva 1851 the King of Music. mu-t, kubvira 1860 K. kwavari. L. Cherubini), Prague (1912; munzvimbo imwechete muna 1811 Academy of Arts, iyo ine dhipatimendi remimhanzi), Brussels (muna 1948 iyo Musical School e, muna 1812 panzvimbo yayo Korol. Chikoro chekuimba, kubva 1823 K.), Warsaw (muna 1832, dhipatimendi remimhanzi paChikoro cheDrama, muna 1814 Chikoro cheMimhanzi uye Dramatic Arts; munzvimbo imwechete muna 1816 pahwaro hweiyo faculty yehunyanzvi hwekuita pachikoro. Institute of Music and Recitation, kubva mugore rimwe chetero K., kubva 1821 Music Institute), Vienna (muna 1861 pamusana peSosaiti yeShamwari dzeMumhanzi - Singing School, kubva ku1817 K., kubva ku1821 Academy of Music uye Stage Performance . Art-va), Parkhme (mu1908 Choir School, kubva 1818 Institute of Arts and Crafts, kubva 1821 Carmine Music School, kubva 1831 K. zita raA. Boito), London (1888, Royal Academy of Music), The Hague (muna 1822 King's Music School, kubva muna 1826 K.), Liege (1908), Zagreb (muna 1827 Musikverein Society, kubva muna 1827 People's Land Music Institute, gare gare - Croatian Music Institute). in-t, kubva 1861 the Music Academy, panzvimbo imwe chete muna 1922 mumhanzi chikoro, yakatangwa Musikverein Society, kubva 1829 Music School of the Croatian Music Institute kubva 1870 K., kubva 1916 State K.), Genoa ( muna 1921 iyo Music Lyceum, gare gare iyo Music Lyceum yakatumidzwa zita reN. Paganini), Madrid (muna 1829, kubva muna 1830 K. mimhanzi uye kudzokorora), Geneva (muna 1919), Lisbon (1835, Nat. K.), Budapest (muna 1836 National K., kubva muna 1840 National Music School, Vpos ichitevera National K. kwavari. B. Bartok; munzvimbo imwechete muna 1867 Academy yeMumhanzi, kubvira 1875 Chikoro Chepamusoro cheMumhanzi. kuvakwirira. F. Liszt), Rio de Janeiro (muna 1918 Mambo K., kubva 1841 National Music Institute, muna 1890 akava chikamu yunivhesiti, kubva 1931 National School of Music Bras. University; ikokowo muna 1937 Braz. K., munzvimbo imwe chete muna 1940 National K. Kuimba Kwaya, munzvimbo imwechete muna 1942 iyo Braz. Academy of Music yakatumidzwa zita reO. L. Fernandis), Lucca (1945, gare gare A. Boccherini), Leipzig (1842, yakavambwa naF. Mendelssohn, kubva muna 1843 King K., kubva 1876 Chikoro Chepamusoro cheMimhanzi, muna 1941 pasi payo - F. Mendelssohn Academy), Munich (muna 1945 Chikoro Chepamusoro cheMumhanzi, kubva muna 1846 K.

Mu 2nd floor. 19th century K.'s network yakawedzera zvakanyanya. K. yakavhurwa muDarmstadt (muna 1851 Chikoro cheMumhanzi, kubva ku1922 iyo State K.), Boston (1853), Stuttgart (1856, kubva 1896 Mambo weK.), Dresden (muna 1856 Chikoro Chepamusoro cheMumhanzi, kubva 1918 the King. K., kubva 1937 State K.), Bucharest (1864, gare gare C. Porumbescu K.), Luxembourg (1864), Copenhagen (muna 1867 Royal Danish K., kubva 1902 Copenhagen K., kubva 1948 State. K.), Turin (mu1867 iyo Music School, kubva 1925 iyo Lyceum, kubva 1935 iyo G. Verdi Conservatory), Antwerp (1867, kubva 1898 the Royal Flemish K.), Basel (muna 1867 iyo Music School, kubva 1905 Academy yeMumhanzi), Baltimore neChicago (1868), Montreal (1876), Frankfurt am Main (1878, Higher School of Music), Brno (1881, yakavambwa neBrno Conversation Society, muna 1919 yakabatanidzwa neOrgan School, yakavambwa muna 1882). neYednota Society, kubvira 1920 neHurumende K.; munzvimbo imwe chete muna 1947 Academy of Music and Dramatic Arts, kubvira 1969 yakatumidzwa zita raL. Janacek), Pesaro (muna 1882 iyo Music Lyceum, gare gare ., yakarongwa pa mari yeG. Rossini, ine zita rake), Bogota (muna 1882 National Academy of Music, kubva 1910 National K.), Helsinki (muna 1882 iyo Music School, kubvira 1924 K., kubvira 1939 Academy yavo. Sibelius), Adelaide (muna 1883 koreji yemimhanzi, gare gare K.), Amsterdam (1884), Karlsruhe (muna 1884 iyo Baden Higher School of Music, kubva 1929 K.), Havana (1835), Toronto (1886), Buenos Aires ( 1893), Belgrade (muna 1899 Chikoro cheSerbia cheMimhanzi, kubvira 1937 Academy of Music), nemamwe maguta.

Muzana remakore rechi20 K. dzakasikwa muSofia (mu1904 chikoro chemimhanzi chakazvimirira, kubvira 1912 State Musical School, kubvira 1921 Musical Academy ine madhipatimendi esekondari nepamusoro, muna 1947 Chikoro cheMumhanzi chepamusoro chakaparadzaniswa kubva pachiri, kubva muna 1954. ), La Paz (1908), Sao Paulo (1909, K. Drama neMumhanzi), Melbourne (muma1900, yakabva pachikoro chemimhanzi, gare gare K. yakatumidzwa zita raN. Melba), Sydney (1914), Tehran (1918) , yekudzidza mimhanzi yeEurope; munzvimbo imwechete muna 1949, National K., yakagadzirwa pahwaro hweChikoro cheMumhanzi chepamusoro, chakavhurwa mukutanga 30s), Bratislava (muna 1919, Chikoro cheMumhanzi, ne1926 Academy of Mimhanzi neDrama, kubva muna 1941 K.; munzvimbo imwe chete, muna 1949, Higher School of Musical Arts), Cairo (muna 1925 Chikoro cheOriental Music, pahwaro hweMusical Club, yakasimuka muna 1814, kubvira 1929. t yemumhanzi wechiArab, munzvimbo imwechete muna 1935 iyo Women's Music Institute, munzvimbo imwechete muna 1944 Chikoro chepamusoro cheMumhanzi, munzvimbo imwechete muna 1959. iyo Cairo National C., munzvimbo imwechete muna 1969 Academy of Arts, iyo yakabatanidza masangano mashanu, kusanganisira K. uye Institute of Arabic Music), Baghdad (5, Academy of Fine Arts, inoumbwa nemadhipatimendi akati wandei, kusanganisira mimhanzi. ; munzvimbo imwe cheteyo muna 1940, Chikoro cheMimhanzi cheVana Vane Zvipo) , Beirut (K. paAk Academy of Fine Arts), Jerusalem (1968, Academy of Music. Rubin), Pyongyang (1947), Tel Aviv (Heb. K. – “Sulamith-K.”), Tokyo (1949, National University of Fine Arts and Music), Hanoi (muna 1949 zvimwe, kubvira 1955 K.), Surakarta (1962), Accra (Academy of Music with a 1960-year course yekudzidza), Nairobi (2, East African K.), Algiers (National Institute of Music, iyo inewo dhipatimendi rekudzidzisa), Rabat (National Committee of Music, Dance and Dramatic Arts), nezvimwewo.

Munyika dzemacapitalist, pamwe chete nemamouse ehurumende akazvimirira. uch. zvivako, semuenzaniso. muParis - "Ecole zvakajairika" (1918). Mune dzimwe nyika, K. ndiyo avhareji account. chikoro chemhando yepamusoro (somuenzaniso, muCzechoslovakia, pamwe chete neacademies muPrague, Brno uye Higher School of Musical Arts muBratislava, inoshanda kunosvika 10 K., chakanyanya chikoro chemimhanzi).

Nguva yekudzidza, chimiro uye account. zvirongwa zve K., zvikoro zvepamusoro zvemimhanzi, academies, masangano, makoreji uye lyceums hazvisi zvemhando imwe chete. Mn. vavo vane madhipatimendi ejunior, uko vadzidzi vezera revana vanobvumirwa. Munyika dzakawanda, vatambi chete, vadzidzisi vezvidzidzo zvekuridza, uye vaimbi vanodzidziswa mumhanzi wekirasi. Nyanzvi dzemimhanzi (vanyori vezvakaitika kare uye theorists) vakadzidziswa mumhanzi. f-max mayunivhesiti. Nemusiyano wese mukusetwa kweaccount. process mune zvese muses. uch. masangano anopa makirasi muhunyanzvi, mimhanzi-tioretical. zvidzidzo uye nhoroondo yemimhanzi.

MuRussia, mimhanzi yakakosha uch. masangano akaonekwa muzana remakore rechi18. (ona Dzidzo yeMumhanzi). Yekutanga K. yakasikwa mu60s. Muzana remakore rechi19, mumamiriro ezvinhu ekuwedzera kwenyika. Tsika yeRussia uye budiriro yedemokrasi. kufamba. Iyo RMO yakavhura St. Petersburg Conservatory muna 1862 padanho reAG Rubinshtein, uye muna 1866, padanho reNG Rubinshtein, Moscow Conservatory. Chikoro cheMimhanzi neDrama cheMoscow Philharmonic Society (chakavhurwa muna 1886) chakanakidzwawo nekodzero dzaK. (kubvira muna 1883). In con. 19 - kupemha. 20th century mises yakagadzirwa mumaguta akasiyana eRussia. uch-scha, mamwe acho akazoshandurwa kuita K., kusanganisira. muSaratov (1912), Kyiv uye Odessa (1913). basa rinokosha mukuparadzirwa kwemimhanzi. maumbirwo akaitwa neruzhinji rwevanhu. Yokutanga yadzo yakavhurwa muMoscow (1906); K. muSt. Petersburg, Kazan, Saratov.

Pasinei nekubudirira mumunda wemimhanzi. kurera vanhu chokwadi. mumhanzi mukuru. dzidzo uye kuvhenekerwa zvakave zvinogoneka chete mushure meGreat Oct. socialist. chimurenga. Nechirevo cheKanzuru yePeople's Commissars yeRSFSR yaJuly 12, 1918, Petrograd naMoskovskaya K. (uye gare gare vamwe) vakatamisirwa kukutonga kwePeople's Commissariat of Education uye yakaenzana nemasangano ose edzidzo yepamusoro. masangano. Kwemakore eSoviet power network K. uye in-comrade arts ine muses. f-tami yakawedzerwa.

Kusvikira Great Oct. socialist. mabhindauko muRussia aisanganisira madhipatimendi evadiki nevakuru. MuUSSR, K. idzidzo yepamusoro. nzvimbo inogamuchirwa vanhu vane wechipiri mukuru uye muses. dzidzo. K. uye ma-iwe anodzidzisa vatambi nevaimbi, uye nyanzvi dzemimhanzi. Kosi yekudzidza muK. uye in-ta yakagadzirirwa makore mashanu uye inopa dzidziso yakazara. uye kugadzirira kunoshanda kwemuimbi waProf. mabasa. Nzvimbo huru muzvirongwa zvakapihwa kuita uye pedagogical. tsika yevadzidzi. Pamusoro peiyo yakakosha mimhanzi inoranga, vadzidzi vanodzidza zvemagariro nezvematongerwo enyika. sainzi, nhoroondo icharatidza. mhosva, mitauro yedzimwe nyika. Mimhanzi yepamusoro. uch. masangano ane f-iwe: theoretical uye kuumba (ane madhipatimendi enhoroondo-theoretical uye kuumba), piano, orchestral, vocal, conductor-choral, nar. zvishandiso; muhuwandu hweK. zvakare - iyo faculty ye opera uye symphony. conductors. Pasi pehuwandu hweK. manheru uye madhipatimendi etsamba anorongwa.

Muhukuru hwepamusoro uch. zvidzidzo zvepashure (vanodzidzisa vaongorori mumunda wedzidziso uye nhoroondo yemimhanzi) uye rubatsiro (internship yevatambi, vanyori, uye vadzidzisi) zvakagadzirwa muzvikoro. Mn. K. uye mune-iwe une zvakakosha. mumhanzi zvikoro zvemakore gumi zvinodzidzisa makasi emitambo yepamusoro. uch. masangano (somuenzaniso, Central Secondary Special Music School kuMoscow K., yeMoscow Gnessin Sekondari Special Music School, Chikoro cheMakore Gumi paLeningrad K., nezvimwewo).

Higher muses anoshanda muUSSR. uch. masangano: muAlma-Ata (muna 1944 K., kubvira 1963 Kazakh. Institute, kubvira 1973 K. Yakatumidzwa zita reKurmangazy), Astrakhan (muna 1969, Astrakhan K., yakasimuka pahwaro hwechikoro chemimhanzi), Baku ( muna 1901 makirasi emimhanzi eRMO, kubva 1916 chikoro chemimhanzi cheRMO, kubva 1920 People's Republic of. Kazakhstan, kubva 1921 Azerbaijanian Tsika, kubva 1948 Azerbaijani Tsika yakatumidzwa zita reU. Gadzhibekov), Vilnius (muna 1945 Vilniusskaya Culture, muna 1949 yakabatanidzwa naKaunas K., iyo yakasikwa muna 1933, inonzi K. Lithuanian SSR), Gorky (1946, Gorkovskaya K. zita raM. I. Glinka), Donetsk (1968, Donetsk music-pedagogical Institute, yakagadzirwa pahwaro hwebazi reDonetsk reSlavic Pedagogical Institute), Yerevan (muna 1921 mimhanzi studio, kubva muna 1923 K., kubva muna 1946 Yerevan K. akatumidzwa zita reKomitas), Kazan (1945, Kazanskaya K.), Kiev (muna 1868 Chikoro cheMumhanzi, kubva muna 1883 Chikoro cheMumhanzi cheRMO, kubvira 1913 K., kubvira 1923 iyo Music College; munzvimbo imwe chete muna 1904 Mimhanzi. Chikoro cheDrama, kubvira 1918 iyo Yepamusoro Music Drama Institute yakatumidzwa zita reN. V. Lysenko; Chisinau (1934, K., haana kushanda muna 1940-1940, kubvira 1941 Chisinau Institute of Arts yakatumidzwa zita reG. Muzichesku), Leningrad (45, pahwaro hwemakirasi emimhanzi eRMO, ayo akamuka muna 1963), kubvira 1862 Leningrad K. kwavari. N. A. Rimsky-Korsakov), Lvov (muna 1859, Chikoro cheMumhanzi paMubatanidzwa weKuimba neMumhanzi Society, kubva muna 1944 N. V. Lysenko Music Institute, kubva muna 1903 iyo Higher Music Institute - yakatumidzwa zita reN. V. Lysenko, kubvira 1904 iyo Lvov Musical College yakatumidzwa zita reN. V. Lysenko), Minsk (muna 1907 iyo Minsk Musical College, kubvira 1939 iyo Minsk, ikozvino Belarusian Musical College yakatumidzwa zita reA. V. Lunacharsky), Moscow (1924, pahwaro hwemakirasi emimhanzi eRMO, ayo akamuka muna 1932, kubvira 1866 muMoscow K. zita raP. I. Tchaikovsky; munzvimbo imwe chete muna 1860 Gnessin Sisters Music School, kubvira 1940 yechipiri Moscow State School, kubva 1895 State Musical unyanzvi chikoro, kubvira 1919 Gnessin Musical College, pahwaro hwaro Gnesin Musical Pedagogical Institute yakavambwa muna 1920). , Novosibirsk (1925, Novosibirsk M. I. Glinka K.), Odessa (muna 1944 Chikoro cheMumhanzi, gare gare Chikoro cheMumhanzi cheRMO, kubva muna 1956 K., kubva muna 1871 iyo Music Institute, muna 1913-1923 yakatumidzwa zita raL. Beethoven, kubva 1927 K., kubva 1934 Odessa K. zita raA. V. Nezhdanovo d), Riga (1939, zvino K. kwavari. Kare. Vitola weLatvian SSR), Rostov-on-Don (Music and Pedagogical Institute), Saratov (muna 1950, Chikoro cheMumhanzi cheRMO, kubva muna 1919 K., muna 1895-1912 Musical College, kubva muna 1924 Saratov K. zita raL. V. Sobinov), Sverdlovsk (35, kubvira 1935 anonzi M. P. Mussorgsky, kubvira 1934 Uralsky K. zita raM. P. Mussorgsky), Tallinn (muna 1939, pahwaro hweTallinn Higher Musical Institute). chikoro, kubva 1946 Tallinskaya K.), Tashkent (muna 1919 Higher Musical School, kubva 1923 Tashkentskaya K.), Tbilisi (muna 1934 Musical chikoro, kubvira 1936 Musical chikoro, kubvira 1874 K., kubva 1886 Tbilisi K. zita raV. Sarajishvili), Frunze (1917, Kirghiz Institute of Art), Kharkov (muna 1947 Music School, gare gare Music School of the RMO, kubva 1967 K., muna 1871-1917 Music Academy , muna 1920 Music Institute, muna 23-1924 Music Institute. yeDrama, muna 1924-29 Music Theater Institute, muna 1930 uye kubvira 36 K., muna 1936 pahwaro hwaK. uye The Kharkov Institute of Arts yakavambwa neKharkov Institute of Arts).

Kubva 1953, Intern. congresses of directors of K. Kubva 1956, Association of European academies, K. uye zvikoro zvepamusoro zvemimhanzi.

AA Nikolaev