Consonance |

French consonance, kubva ku lat. consonantia - inoenderera, konsonanti, consonance, kuwirirana

Kubatanidza mukuona kwematoni panguva imwechete inonzwika, pamwe chete nekonsonanti, inonzwisiswa sekubatanidza toni. Pfungwa ye K. inopesana nepfungwa ye dissonance. K. inosanganisira pure prima, octave, yechishanu, yechina, huru uye diki yetatu uye yechitanhatu (yakachena yechina, inotorwa maererano nebass, inodudzirwa se dissonance) uye chords inoumbwa neaya mapindiro pasina kubatanidzwa kweasina kubatanidzwa (makuru uye madiki. katatu nezvikumbiro zvavo). Musiyano uripo pakati peK. uye dissonance unoonekwa muzvikamu zvina: masvomhu., muviri. (acoustic), mumhanzi uye physiological uye muz.-mupfungwa.

Pamasvomhu, K. ihukama hwenhamba hwakareruka pane dissonance (maonero ekare evaPythagoras). Semuyenzaniso, mapindiro echisikigo anotaridzwa nereshiyo dzinotevera dzenhamba dzekuzunguzika kana kureba kwetambo: pure prima - 1:1, pure octave - 1:2, pure yechishanu - 2:3, yechina chaiyo - 3:4, huru yechitanhatu - 3 :5, chikuru chetatu ndi4:5, chetatu mudiki ndi5:6, mudiki wechitanhatu ndi5:8. Acoustic, K. ndiyo consonance yakadaro yematoni, neKrom (maererano neG. Helmholtz) overtones haibudisi kurova kana kurova kunonzwika kusina simba, kusiyana ne dissonances nekurova kwavo kwakasimba. Kubva pane aya maonero, musiyano pakati pekubatana uye dissonance inongova yehuwandu, uye muganho pakati pavo unopokana. Semumhanzi-yemuviri chiitiko cheK. inzwi rakadzikama, rakapfava, richiita zvinofadza panzvimbo dzetsinga dzemuoni. Maererano naG. Helmholtz, K. anopa “rudzi runofadza rwekunyandura kwakapfava uye kwakafanana kwetsinga dzokunzwa.”

Pakuwirirana mumhanzi wepolyphonic, shanduko yakatsetseka kubva ku dissonance kuenda kuK. sezvo kugadzirisa kwayo kunonyanya kukosha. Kubuda kwekukakavadzana kwakabatana neshanduko iyi kunopa kunzwa kwakakosha kwekugutsikana. Ichi ndicho chimwe chemashoko ane simba zvikuru. nzira dzekuwirirana, nziyo. Periodic alternation of dissonant inosimuka uye consonant recessions of harmonics. mafomu emagetsi, sokunge zvakadaro, “harmonic. kufema” kwenziyo, zvimwe zvakafanana nezvimwe zvipenyu. rhythms (systole uye diastole mukuputsika kwemoyo, nezvimwewo).

Mumhanzi uye mupfungwa, kuwirirana, mukuenzanisa ne dissonance, chiratidzo chekugadzikana, runyararo, kusavapo kwechishuvo, kufara, uye kugadzirisa kwegiravhiti; mukati megadziriro yehukuru-madiki tonal system, musiyano pakati peK. uye dissonance ndeyehutano, inosvika pachiyero chekupikisa kwakanyanya, kusiyana, uye ine huzivi hwayo. aesthetic value.

Dambudziko reK. ndiro rekutanga rakakosha dhipatimendi remimhanzi dzidziso, maererano nedzidziso yenguva, modes, muses. masisitimu, zviridzwa zvemimhanzi, pamwe nedzidziso yepolyphonic warehouse (mupfungwa yakafara - counterpoint), chord, kuwirirana, pakupedzisira ichiwedzera kunyange kunhoroondo yemimhanzi. Nguva yenhoroondo yekushanduka kwemimhanzi (inofukidza makore 2800), nekuoma kwayo kwese, inogona kunzwisiswa sechimwe chinhu chakabatana, sekuvandudzwa kwechisikigo kwemuses. kuziva, imwe yemazano akakosha ayo agara ari pfungwa yerutsigiro rusingazununguki - iyo consonant musimboti wemuses. zvimiro. The prehistory of K. mumimhanzi muses. kugona chiyero che pure prima 1: 1 muchimiro chekudzoka kune ruzha (kana kune maviri, matatu manzwi), inonzwisiswa sechiziviso chakaenzana nacho pachacho (kusiyana nekupenya kwepakutanga, pre-toni fomu yekutaura kwenzwi. ) Yakabatana naK. 1:1 , nheyo yetsinhirano yakatsiga. Nhanho inotevera mukugona k. yaiva matauriro echina 4:3 uye yechishanu 3:2, uye yechina, senhambo diki, munhau yakatangira yechishanu, iyo yakanga yakapfava maererano neacoustics (inonzi nguva yechina). A quart, quint uye octave inokura kubva kwavari inova vatongi vemaitiro ekuumbwa, kutonga kufamba kwerwiyo. Iyi nhanho yekukura kweK. inomiririra, semuenzaniso, unyanzvi hwekare. Girisi (muenzaniso wakajairika ndiSkoliya Seikila, 1st century BC). Mukutanga kweMiddle Ages (kutanga muzana remakore rechipfumbamwe), polyphonic genres dzakamuka (organum, gimel, uye fauburdon), apo yekare yakapararira munguva yemhando dzakava panguva imwe chete (parallel organum muMusica enchiriadis, c. 9th century). Munhambo yekupera kweMiddle Ages, kukudziridzwa kwezvikamu zvitatu nezvitanhatu (9: 5, 4: 6, 5: 5, 3: 8) kwakatanga saK.; muNar. mimhanzi (somuenzaniso, muEngland, Scotland), kuchinja uku kwakaitika, sezviri pachena, kare kupfuura muchechi, yakabatanidzwa zvikuru. tsika. Kukunda kweRenaissance (5th-14th mazana emakore) - kubvumidzwa kwepasirese kwevatatu uye vechitanhatu saK.; kurongekazve kwemukati zvishoma nezvishoma se melodic. mhando, uye zvese zvinyorwa zvepolyphonic; kusimudzirwa kwekonsonanti triad sechinhu chikuru chinosanganisa. consonance type. Mazuva ano (16-17 centuries) - maruva akakwirira zvikuru e-tatu-sound consonant complex (K. inonzwisiswa zvakanyanya sefused consonant triad, uye kwete semubatanidzwa wemakona maviri-toni). Kubva ku con. 19th century muEurope dissonance iri kuwedzera kukosha mumimhanzi; kupinza, simba, kupenya kwezwi rekupedzisira, kuoma kukuru kwehukama hwezwi hwakafanana nahwo, hwakazove zvivako, kukwezva kwakashandura hukama hwekare pakati peK uye dissonance.

Iyo yekutanga inozivikanwa dzidziso yaK. yakapihwa naAntich. music theorists. Chikoro chePythagorean (6th-4th mazana emakore BC) chakagadzira kupatsanurwa kwemakonzonenzi, ayo akasara kusvika pakupera kwekare uye aine simba kuMiddle Ages kwenguva yakareba. Europe (kuburikidza neBoethius). Maererano nePythagoreans, K. ndiyo hukama hwakapfava hwenhamba. Kuratidzira mimhanzi yechiGiriki. tsika, maPythagoras akatanga 6 "symphonies" (lit. – “makonzoni”, kureva K.): quart, yechishanu, octave uye kudzokorora kwavo octave. Dzimwe nguva dzese dzakarongwa se "diaphonies" (dissonances), incl. chetatu nechitanhatu. K. zvakaruramiswa nemasvomhu (nereshiyo yehurefu hwetambo pane monochord). Dr. maonero e K. anobva kuna Aristoxenus uye chikoro chake, uyo akapokana kuti K. hunhu hunofadza. Zvose zvekare. pfungwa dzinonyatsoenderana, dzichiisa hwaro hwemuviri nemasvomhu. uye mimhanzi-yepfungwa. theoretical mapazi. musicology. Vanyori vepakutanga veMiddle Ages vakagovana maonero evakuru. Muzana ramakore rechi 13 bedzi, mukupera kweMiddle Ages, ndiko kwaiva nekonzonenzi yezvikamu zvitatu zvakatanga kunyorwa nesayenzi (concordantia imperfecta naJohannes de Garlandia Mukuru naFranco weCologne). Muganhu uyu uri pakati pemakonzonendi (echitanhatu akakurumidza kubatanidzwa pakati pawo) uye dissonances zvakachengetwa zviri pamutemo mudzidziso kusvika kunguva yedu. Vatatu semhando yevatatu vakakundwa zvishoma nezvishoma nedzidziso yemimhanzi (kusanganiswa kwevatatu vakakwana uye vasina kukwana naW. Odington, c. 1300; kucherechedzwa kwevatatu semhando yakakosha yekubatana naTsarlino, 1558). Zvinoenderana nekududzirwa kwevatatu se k. inopiwa chete mudzidziso pamusoro pekuwirirana kwenguva itsva (apo k. zvemachords zvakatsiva yekare k. yenguva). J. F. Rameau ndiye akatanga kupa zvikonzero zvakafara zvevatatu-K. sehwaro hwemimhanzi. Zvinoenderana neiyo functional theory (M. Hauptmann, G. Helmholtz, X. Riemann), K. inogadziriswa nemasikirwo. mitemo yekubatanidza manzwi akati wandei kuita kubatana, uye nzira mbiri chete dzekonzonenzi (Klang) dzinobvira: 1) chikuru. inzwi, cheshanu chepamusoro uye chepamusoro chikuru chetatu (huru nhatu) uye 2) chikuru. toni, yezasi yechishanu uye yakaderera huru yechitatu (minor triad). Mitsindo yemhando huru kana diki inoumba K. chete padzinofungwa kuti ndedzekonsonzi imwe chete - ingave T, kana D, kana S. Acoustically consonance, asi ari emakonzonenzi akasiyana (somuenzaniso, d1 – f1 muC-dur) , maererano naRiemann, inongoumba chete “magiginal consonances” (pano, nekujeka kwakazara, mutsauko uripo pakati pezvinhu zvemuviri nezvemuviri zveK. , kune rumwe rutivi, uye zvepfungwa, kune imwe, zvinoratidzwa). Mn. vanyori vedzidziso dzezana ramakore rechi20, vachiratidzira zvemazuva ano. iwo mitsindo. kudzidzira, kuendeswa kune dissonance iyo inonyanya kukosha mabasa ehunyanzvi - kodzero yemahara (pasina kugadzirira uye mvumo) application, kugona kupedzisa kuvaka uye basa rese. A. Schoenberg inotsigira hukama hwemuganhu pakati peK. uye dissonance; pfungwa imwe cheteyo yakakudziridzwa zvakadzama naP. Hindemith. B. L. Yavorsky aiva mumwe wekutanga kuramba zvachose muganhu uyu. B. V. Asafiev akatsoropodza zvakanyanya musiyano pakati peK.

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Yu. N. Kholopov