Mikhail Ivanovich Chulaki |

Mikhail Chulaki

MI Chulaki akaberekerwa muSimferopol, mumhuri yemushandi. Maonero ake ekutanga emimhanzi akabatana neguta rake rekuzvarwa. Classical symphonic mimhanzi yaiwanzonzwika pano pasi pebaton yevatungamiri vakakurumbira - L. Steinberg, N. Malko. Vaimbi vakuru vemimhanzi vakauya pano - E. Petri, N. Milshtein, S. Kozolupov nevamwe.

Chulaki akawana dzidzo yake yepuraimari yehunyanzvi paSimferopol Musical College. Murairidzi wekutanga waChulaki mukuumbwa aive II Chernov, mudzidzi weNA Rimsky-Korsakov. Uku kushamwaridzana kusina kunanga netsika dzeNew Russian Musical School kwakaratidzwa mumitambo yekutanga yeorchestra, yakanyorwa zvakanyanya pasi pesimba remimhanzi yaRimsky-Korsakov. PaLeningrad Conservatory, apo Chulaki akapinda muna 1926, mudzidzisi wekunyora akatanga zvakare mudzidzi weRimsky-Korsakov, MM Chernov, uye ipapo chete munyori weSoviet ane mukurumbira VV Shcherbachev. Diploma mabasa emunyori wechidiki aive First Symphony (yekutanga yakaitwa muKislovodsk), mimhanzi yaro, maererano nemunyori pachake, yakakanganiswa zvakanyanya nemifananidzo yesymphonic mabasa aAP Borodin, uye suite yemapiyano maviri " May Pictures”, yakazodzokororwa yakaitwa nevaimbi vepiyano vakakurumbira veSoviet uye yatove ichiratidza nenzira dzakawanda humunhu hwemunyori.

Mushure mokunge apedza chikoro chekuchengetedza, kufarira kwemuimbi kwainyanya kutungamirirwa kumhando, iyo yaaitarisira kubudirira. Nechekare bhareti rekutanga raChulaki, The Tale of the Priest and His Worker Balda (mushure meA. Pushkin, 1939), rakacherechedzwa neruzhinji, riine muchina wakanyanya, uye rakaitwa neLeningrad Maly Opera Theatre (MALEGOT) rakaratidzwa muMoscow pa. makore gumi eLeningrad Art. Mabhareti maviri aChulaki akatevera - "The Imaginary Groom" (mushure meC. Goldoni, 1946) uye "Youth" (mushure meN. Ostrovsky, 1949), akaitirwawo kekutanga naMALEGOT, akapihwa USSR State Prizes (muna 1949 uye. 1950).

Nyika yemitambo yakasiyawo mucherechedzo wayo paChulaki's symphonic work. Izvi zvinonyanya kuoneka muSecond Symphony yake, yakatsaurirwa kukunda kwevanhu veSoviet muGreat Patriotic War (1946, State Prize yeUSSR - 1947), pamwe chete neiyo symphonic cycle "Songs and Dances of Old France", apo munyori anofunga nenzira dzakawanda mumitambo, achigadzira mifananidzo ine mavara, inooneka inonzwisisika. Yechitatu Symphony (symphony-konsati, 1959) yakanyorwa nenzira imwecheteyo, pamwe chete nechikamu chekonti yemusangano wevaridzi veBolshoi Theatre - "Russian Holiday", basa rakajeka remunhu virtuoso, iro rakabva rawedzera kuwedzera. mukurumbira, yaidzokororwa yakaitwa pamakonsati uye paredhiyo, yakarekodhwa parekodhi regiramufoni.

Pakati pemabasa emunyori mune mamwe marudzi, munhu anofanira kutanga ataura nezve cantata "Pamahombekombe eVolkhov", yakagadzirwa muna 1944, panguva yakagara kwaChulaka kuVolkhov kumberi. Iri basa raive rakakosha mumhanzi weSoviet, zvichiratidza makore ehondo yehugamba.

Mumunda wemimhanzi yezwi uye choral, basa rinokosha zvikuru reChulaka ndiro kutenderera kwekwaya cappella "Lenin nesu" kune mavhesi aM. Lisyansky, akanyorwa muna 1960. Zvadaro, mu60-70s, munyori akasika. nhamba yenziyo dzemanzwi, pakati peiyo kutenderera kwezwi nepiyano "Kuwanda" kune mavhesi aW. Whitman uye "Makore Anobhururuka" kusvika kumavhesi eVs. Grekov.

Kufarira nguva dzose kwemunyori mumhando yemimhanzi uye yemitambo yakakonzera kuonekwa kwebhallet "Ivan the Terrible" yakabva pamimhanzi yeSS Prokofiev yefirimu yezita rimwe chete. Kuumbwa uye mimhanzi ye ballet yakagadzirwa naChulaki nekuraira kweBolshoi Theatre yeUSSR, uko muna 1975 yakaitwa, iyo yakapfumisa zvakanyanya repertoire yemitambo uye yakakunda kubudirira nevateereri veSoviet nevekunze.

Pamwe chete nehunyanzvi, Chulaki akateerera zvakanyanya kune pedagogical chiitiko. Kwemakore makumi mashanu akapfuudza ruzivo rwake uye ruzivo rwakapfuma kuvaimbi vechidiki: muna 1933 akatanga kudzidzisa paLeningrad Conservatory (makirasi ekuumbwa uye kuimba), kubvira 1948 zita rake rave riri pakati pevadzidzisi veMoscow Conservatory. Kubva 1962 anga ari purofesa paConservatory. Vadzidzi vake mumakore akasiyana vaiva A. Abbasov, V. Akhmedov, N. Shakhmatov, K. Katsman, E. Krylatov, A. Nemtin, M. Reuterstein, T. Vasilyeva, A. Samonov, M. Bobylev, T. Kazhgaliev, S. Zhukov, V. Belyaev nevamwe vakawanda.

Mukirasi yaChulaka maigara muine runyararo uye kurevesa. Mudzidzisi akanyatsobata hunyanzvi hwekugadzira hwevadzidzi vake, achiedza kukudziridza kugona kwavo kwechisikigo mukubatana kwehupenyu nekuvandudzwa kweakapfuma arsenal yemazuva ano ekugadzira matekiniki. Mhedzisiro yemakore ake akawanda ebasa rekudzidzisa mumunda wezviridzwa raiva bhuku rinonzi "Tools of the Symphony Orchestra" (1950) - bhuku rinonyanya kufarirwa, iro rakatopfuura nemabhuku mana.

Chinonyanya kufarira muverengi wemazuva ano zvinyorwa zveChulaki memoir, zvakaburitswa panguva dzakasiyana mumagazini uye mune zvakakosha monographic collections, nezve Yu. F. Fayer, A. Sh. Melik-Pashayev, B. Britten, LBEG Gilels, MV Yudina, II Dzerzhinsky, VV Shcherbachev nevamwe vaimbi vakatanhamara.

Hupenyu hwekusika hwaMikhail Ivanovich hwakabatana zvisingaite nemimhanzi uye zvemagariro zviitiko. Akanga ari mutungamiriri uye mutungamiriri wenyanzvi weLeningrad State Philharmonic Society (1937-1939), muna 1948 akava sachigaro weLeningrad Union of Composers uye mugore iroro paFirst All-Union Congress akasarudzwa semunyori weUnited Vanyori veSoviet veUSSR; muna 1951 akagadzwa mutevedzeri sachigaro Committee for Arts pasi Council of Ministers of USSR; muna 1955 - mutungamiriri Bolshoi Theater of USSR; kubva ku1959 kusvika 1963 Chulaki aive munyori weMubatanidzwa weVanyori veRSFSR. Muna 1963, akatungamira zvakare Bolshoi Theatre, panguva ino semutungamiriri uye mutungamiriri wehunyanzvi.

Kwenguva yese yeutungamiri hwake, mabasa mazhinji eSoviet uye ekunze art akaiswa pachikuva cheiyo theatre kekutanga, kusanganisira operas: "Amai" naTN Khrennikov, "Nikita Vershinin" naDm. B. Kabalevsky, "Hondo uye Runyararo" uye "Semyon Kotko" naSS Prokofiev, "October" naVI Muradeli, "Optimistic Tragedy" naAN Kholminov, "The Taming of the Shrew" naV. Ya. Shebalin, “ Jenufa” naL. Janachka, “A Midsummer Night’s Dream” naB. Britten; opera-ballet The Snow Queen naMR Rauchverger; ballets: “Leyli and Mejnun” by SA Balasanyan, “Stone Flower” by Prokofiev, “Icarus” by SS Slonimsky, “The Legend of Love” by AD Melikov, “Spartacus” by AI Khachaturian, “Carmen suite” by RK Shchedrin, "Assel" naVA Vlasov, "Shurale" naFZ Yarullin.

MI Chulaki akasarudzwa mutevedzeri weSupreme Soviet yeRSFSR VI uye VII makonkoro, aive mumiriri kuXXIV Congress yeCPSU. Nekukodzera kwake mukuvandudza art yemimhanzi yeSoviet, akapihwa zita rePeople's Artist yeRSFSR uye akapihwa mibairo - iyo Order yeRed Banner yeLabour, Order yeHushamwari hwevanhu uye Bheji reKukudzwa.

Mikhail Ivanovich Chulaki akafa January 29, 1989 muMoscow.

L. Sidelnikov