Renata Tebaldi (Renata Tebaldi) |

Renata Tebaldi

Kune ani zvake ainzwa Tebaldi, kukunda kwake kwakanga kusiri chakavanzika. Vakatsanangurirwa, kutanga kwezvose, nekugona kutaura kwakatanhamara, kwakasarudzika. Soprano yake ine lyric-dramatic soprano, isingawanzowanikwi murunako nesimba, yaive pasi pezvinetso zvese zvakanaka, asi zvakaenzana kune chero mimvuri yekutaura. Vatsoropodzi vekuItaly vakadaidza izwi rake sechishamiso, vachisimbisa kuti soprano dzinoshamisa hadziwanzo kuwana kuchinjika uye kuchena kwerwiyo rwesoprano.

Renata Tebaldi akaberekwa musi waFebruary 1, 1922 muPesarro. Baba vake vaiva mutambi wemimhanzi uye vairidza mudzimba duku dzeOpera munyika, uye amai vake vaiva muimbi wemateur. Kubva aine makore masere, Renata akatanga kudzidza piyano nemumwe mudzidzisi akazvimiririra uye akavimbisa kuti aizova shasha yekuridza piyano. Pazera remakore gumi nemanomwe, akapinda muPesar Conservatory mupiyano. Zvisinei, munguva pfupi nyanzvi dzakakwevera kune unyanzvi hwake hwekutaura, uye Renata akatanga kudzidza naCampogallani paParma Conservatory atova muimbi. Kupfuurirazve, anotora zvidzidzo kubva kumuimbi ane mukurumbira Carmen Melis, uye anodzidzawo zvikamu zveopera naJ. Pais.

Musi waMay 23, 1944, akaita debut yake muRovigo saElena muBoito's Mephistopheles. Asi pashure pokunge hondo yapera, Renata akakwanisa kuenderera mberi nokuridza mumhanzi. Mumwaka we194546, muimbi wechidiki anoimba muParma Teatro Regio, uye muna 1946 anoridza muTrieste muVerdi's Otello. Ndiko kwakava kutanga kwegwara rakanaka remuimbi "Rwiyo rweWillow" uye munamato waDesdemona "Ave Maria" wakaita chimiro chikuru kune veruzhinji veko. Kubudirira muguta iri diki reItaly kwakamupa mukana wekuridza kuLa Scala. Renata akaverengerwa murondedzero yevanoimba vakaunzwa naToscanini panguva yekugadzirira kwake mwaka mutsva. Mukonzati yaToscanini, yakaitika pachikuva cheLa Scala pazuva rakakosha raMay 11, 1946, Tebaldi akazove iye ega muimbi, aimbove asina kujaira kune vateereri veMilanese.

Kuzivikanwa kwaArturo Toscanini uye kubudirira kukuru muMilan kwakavhura mikana yakafara kuna Renata Tebaldi munguva pfupi. "La divina Renata", sekudanwa kunoitwa muimbi muItaly, yakava inodiwa nevateereri vekuEurope neAmerica. Pakanga pasina kupokana kuti chiitiko cheItaly opera chakapfumiswa netarenda rakatanhamara. Muimbi wechidiki uyu akabva agamuchirwa muchikwata uye atova mumwaka unotevera akaimba Elisabeth muLohengrin, Mimi muLa Boheme, Eve muTannhäuser, uyezve zvimwe zvikamu zvinotungamira. Zvese zvakazoitika zvemuimbi zvaive zvakabatana neakanakisa theatre muItaly, padanho raakaita gore negore.

Zvikuru zvakabudirira zvemuimbi zvakabatana neLa Scala theatre - Marguerite muGounod's Faust, Elsa muWagner's Lohengrin, yepakati soprano zvikamu muLa Traviata, The Force of Destiny, Verdi's Aida, Tosca uye La Boheme. Puccini.

Asi pamwe chete neizvi, Tebaldi akabudirira kuimba kare mumakore makumi mana mune dzose dzakanakisisa dzemitambo muItaly, uye mumakore makumi mashanu - kunze kweEngland, USA, Austria, France, Argentina nedzimwe nyika. Kwenguva refu, akabatanidza mabasa ake seanoimba ari ega kuLa Scala nemitambo yenguva dzose paMetropolitan Opera. Mutambi uyu akabatana nevatambi vakuru venguva yake, akapa makonti akawanda, uye akarekodhwa pamarekodhi.

Asi kunyange pakati pe-50s, havasi vose vakayemura Tebaldi. Hezvino izvo zvaunogona kuverenga mubhuku reItaly Tenor Giacomo Lauri-Volpi "Vocal Parallels":

“Kuve muimbi akasarudzika, Renata Tebaldi, achishandisa izwi remitambo, anomhanya daro ari ega, uye uyo anomhanya ega anogara achiuya kunhangemutange yekutanga. Haana vatevedzeri kana vakwikwidzi… Hapana mumwe kwete kungomira munzira yake, asi kunyangwe kumuita kanenge kamukwikwi. Zvose izvi hazvirevi kuedza kuderedza chiremera chezwi rake. Pane zvinopesana, zvinogona kukakavara kuti kunyange "Rwiyo rweWillow" chete uye munyengetero weDesdemona unoitevera unopupurira kuti ndezvipi zvakakwirira zvemashoko emimhanzi uyu ane zvipo anokwanisa kuita. Nekudaro, izvi hazvina kumutadzisa kusangana nekunyadziswa kwekutadza mukugadzirwa kweMilan kweLa Traviata, uye panguva yaakafungidzira kuti akange atora moyo yeruzhinji zvisingaite. Kuvava kwekuodzwa mwoyo uku kwakashungurudza zvikuru mweya wemuimbi wechidiki.

Sezvineiwo, nguva shoma yapfuura uye, achiita mune imwechete opera paNeapolitan theatre "San Carlo", akadzidza kushaya simba kwekukunda.

Kuimba kwaTebaldi kunokurudzira rugare uye kunobata nzeve, izere nemumvuri munyoro uye chiaroscuro. Hunhu hwake hunonyungudika mumazwi ake, kungofanana neshuga inonyunguduka mumvura, ichiita kutapira uye isingasiyi mavara anooneka.

Asi makore mashanu akapfuura, uye Lauri-Volpi akamanikidzwa kubvuma kuti zvaakaona kare zvaida kururamiswa kukuru. "Nhasi," anonyora kudaro, "kureva kuti, muna 1960, izwi raTebaldi rine zvese: rakapfava, rinodziya, rakakora uye kunyangwe mukati mese." Chokwadi, kubva muhafu yechipiri ye50s, mukurumbira waTebaldi wanga uchikura kubva mwaka kusvika mwaka. Kushanya kwakabudirira munzvimbo huru dzeEuropean theatre, kukundwa kwekondinendi yeAmerica, kukunda kwepamusoro-soro kuMetropolitan Opera ... Lecouvreur mune opera yezita rimwe chete naCilea, Elvira muMozart's Don Giovanni, Matilda muRossini's Wilhelm Tell, Leonora muVerdi's The Force of Destiny, Madame Butterfly muOpera yaPuccini, Tatiana muTchaikovsky's Eugene Onegin. Chiremera chaRenata Tebaldi munyika yemitambo hachina kupokana. Mukwikwidzi wake akakodzera chete ndiMaria Callas. Kukwikwidzana kwavo kwakakurudzira fungidziro yevateveri veopera. Ose ari maviri akaita mupiro mukuru kupfuma yeunyanzvi hwenzwi hwezana redu ramakore.

"Simba risingadzivisiki reunyanzvi hwaTebaldi," inosimbisa nyanzvi inozivikanwa muunyanzvi hwezwi VV Timokhin - neinzwi rerunako rwakatanhamara nesimba, rakapfava zvisingaite uye rakapfava munguva dzenziyo, uye muzviitiko zvinoshamisa zvinokwezva nerudo runotyisa, uyezve. , muunyanzvi hunoshamisa hwekuita uye mumhanzi wepamusoro… Tebaldi ane rimwe remanzwi akanakisa emuzana redu ramakore. Ichi chishandiso chinoshamisa zvechokwadi, kunyangwe kurekodha kunoburitsa kunaka kwayo. Izwi raTebaldi rinonakidzwa ne "sparkling" yaro "inopenya", "inopenya" ruzha, zvinoshamisa zvakajeka, zvakaenzana kunaka mune fortissimo uye mune zvemashiripiti pianissimo mune repamusoro rerejista, uye nehurefu hwehuwandu, uye neinopenya timbre. Muzvikamu zvakazadzwa nekukakavadzana kwakasimba, izwi remuimbi rinonzwika nyore, rakasununguka, uye rakadekara sezvakaita mukudzikama, yakatsetseka cantilena. Marejista ayo ndeemhando yakanakisa yakaenzana, uye kupfuma kwemavara ane simba mukuimba, diction yakanakisa, kushandiswa kweunyanzvi kweiyo arsenal yemavara etimbre nemuimbi kunowedzera kukoshesa kukuru kwaanoita kune vateereri.

Tebaldi haazivikanwi kune chido che "kupenya nezwi", kuratidza zvakananga "chiItaly" chido chekuimba, pasinei nemhando yemimhanzi (iyo iyo kunyange vamwe vane mukurumbira vekuItaly vaimbi vanowanzotadza). Anoedza kutevera kuravira kwakanaka uye hunyanzvi hwekuita mune zvese. Kunyangwe mukuita kwake pane dzimwe nguva kunzwikwa zvisina kukwana nzvimbo "dzakajairika", pazere, kuimba kwaTebaldi kunogara kuchifadza zvikuru vateereri.

Zvakaoma kukanganwa kurira kwakanyanya kuvakwa mumonologue uye chiitiko chekuonekana nemwanakomana wake ("Madama Butterfly"), kusimuka kunoshamisa kwemanzwiro mukupedzisira kwe "La Traviata", hunhu "hunopera" uye hunobata. kutendeseka kweiyo yekupedzisira duet mu "Aida" uye yakapfava, inosuruvarisa ruvara rwe "kupera" mukuonekana ini. Maonero emunhu emuimbi kubasa, mucherechedzo wezvishuwo zvake zveunyanzvi zvinonzwika muchikamu chese chaanoimba.

Muimbi aigara aine nguva yekuita chiitiko chekonzati chinoshanda, achiita zverudo, nziyo dzechivanhu, uye akawanda arias kubva kumaopera; pakupedzisira, kutora chikamu mukurekodhwa kwemabasa ekuvhiya maasina kuwana mukana wekuenda pachikuva; vanoda rekodhi rekodhi vakaziva maari anoshamisa Madame Butterfly, vasina kumbomuona ari mubasa iri.

Kutenda kune chirongwa chakasimba, akakwanisa kuchengetedza chimiro chakanakisa kwemakore mazhinji. Apo, nguva pfupi asati asvika makore makumi mashanu ekuzvarwa, muiti wacho akatanga kutambura nekuzara kwakanyanyisa, mumwedzi mishomanana akakwanisa kurasikirwa nepamusoro pemapaundi makumi maviri ehuremu uye akaonekwazve pamberi peruzhinji, akanyanya kunaka uye ane nyasha kupfuura kare.

Vateereri venyika yedu vakasangana naTebaldi chete mumatsutso a1975, atova pakupera kwebasa rake. Asi muimbi akararama maererano netarisiro yakakwirira, achiita muMoscow, Leningrad, Kyiv. Akaimba arias kubva kumaopera uye madiki ezwi ane simba rekukunda. “Unyanzvi hwemuimbi hahuenderani nenguva. Hunyanzvi hwake huchiri kufadza nenyasha dzayo uye hunyengeri hwehumwe, kukwana kwehunyanzvi, kuenzana kwesainzi inonzwika. Zviuru zvitanhatu zvevanoda kuimba, vakazadza imba huru yePalace of Congresses manheru iwayo, vakagamuchira noushamwari muimbi uyu anoshamisa, havana kumurega achibva pachikuva kwenguva yakareba, ” rakanyora kudaro pepanhau rinonzi Sovetskaya Kultura.