Joseph Joachim (Joseph Joachim) |
Joseph Joachim
Kune vanhu vanosiyana nenguva nemhoteredzo yavanomanikidzwa kurarama; kune vanhu vano wiriranisa zvinoshamisa hunhu, maonero epasirese uye zvehunyanzvi zvinoda netsananguro yepfungwa uye yekunakisa mafambiro enguva. Pakati pevekupedzisira paiva naJoakimu. Zvaive "maererano naJoachim", seye "yakanaka" modhi, kuti vanyori venhoroondo dzemimhanzi Vasilevsky naMoser vakasarudza zviratidzo zvikuru zvekududzira maitiro muunyanzvi hweviolin wehafu yechipiri yezana ramakore rechi XNUMX.
Josef (Joseph) Joachim akaberekwa munaJune 28, 1831 mutaundi reKopchen pedyo neBratislava, guta guru reSlovakia. Akanga ane makore 2 apo vabereki vake vakatamira kuPest, uko, pazera remakore 8, mutambi weviolinist weramangwana akatanga kutora zvidzidzo kubva kuPolish violinist Stanislav Serwaczyński, aigara ikoko. Sekureva kwaJoachim, aive mudzidzisi akanaka, kunyangwe aine humwe hurema mukurerwa kwake, kunyanya zvine chekuita nehunyanzvi hweruoko rwerudyi, Joachim akazofanira kurwa. Akadzidzisa Joachim achishandisa zvidzidzo zveBayo, Rode, Kreutzer, mitambo yeBerio, Maiseder, nezvimwe.
Muna 1839 Joachim anouya kuVienna. Guta guru reAustria raipenya neboka renyeredzi revaimbi vakatanhamara, pakati pavo Josef Böhm naGeorg Helmesberger vakatanhamara. Pashure pezvidzidzo zvakawanda kubva kuna M. Hauser, Joachim anoenda kuHelmesberger. Zvisinei, akakurumidza kuisiya, achisarudza kuti ruoko rworudyi rwomutambi weviolin rwakanyanya kuregeredzwa. Sezvineiwo, W. Ernst akafarira Joachim uye akakurudzira kuti baba vomukomana wacho vaende kuna Bem.
Mushure memwedzi ye18 yemakirasi naBem, Joachim akaita kuonekwa kwake kwekutanga muVienna. Akaita Othello yaErnst, uye kutsoropodza kwakacherekedza kukura kunoshamisa, kudzika, uye kukwana kwekududzira kwemwana mudiki.
Zvisinei, Joachim ane chikwereti chechokwadi chekuumbwa kweunhu hwake semuimbi-mufungidziri, muimbi-muimbi kwete Boehm uye, kazhinji, kwete kuVienna, asi kuLeipzig Conservatory, kwaakaenda muna 1843. Yekutanga yeGermany Conservatory yakatangwa naMendelssohn. vaiva nevadzidzisi vakatanhamara. Makirasi eviolin mairi aitungamirirwa naF. David, shamwari yepedyo yaMendelssohn. Leipzig panguva iyi yakashanduka kuita muzinda mukuru wemimhanzi muGermany. Horo yayo yekonzati yeGewandhaus yaikwezva vaimbi vanobva kumativi ose enyika.
Mamiriro emimhanzi eLeipzig akakurudzira Joachim. Mendelssohn, David naHauptmann, avo Joachim vakadzidza kunyora, vakaita basa guru mukurerwa kwake. Vaimbi vakadzidza zvikuru, vakakudziridza jaya nenzira iri yose inobvira. Mendelssohn akatorwa moyo naJoachim pamusangano wekutanga. Achinzwa Concerto yake ichiitwa naye, akafara: “Haiwa, uri ngirozi yangu ine bhosvo,” akaseka, achinongedzera kumukomana akafuta, ane dama rakapfava.
Kwakanga kusina makirasi enyanzvi muboka raDhavhidhi mupfungwa yenguva dzose yeshoko racho; chinhu chiri chose chaiganhurirwa kuzano romudzidzisi kumudzidzi. Hongu, Joachim aisafanira "kudzidziswa", sezvo akange atove nyanzvi yakadzidziswa violinist muLeipzig. Zvidzidzo zvakashandurwa kuita mimhanzi yekumba nekutora chikamu kwaMendelssohn, uyo akada kutamba naJoachim.
Mwedzi ye3 mushure mokunge asvika kuLeipzig, Joachim akaita mune imwe konzati naPauline Viardot, Mendelssohn naClara Schumann. Pana May 19 na 27, 1844, makonzati ake akaitwa muLondon, kwaakaita Beethoven Concerto (Mendelssohn akaitisa orchestra); Musi waMay 11, 1845, akaridza Concerto yaMendelssohn muDresden (R. Schumann aitungamirira orchestra). Aya maidi anopupurira kuzivikanwa nokukurumidza kusingawanzoitiki kwaJoachim navaimbi vakurusa venguva yacho.
Joachim paakasvitsa makore 16, Mendelssohn akamukoka kuti ave mudzidzisi panzvimbo inochengeterwa zvinhu uye mutungamiriri wemakonzati wevaimbi yeGewandhaus. Joachim wekupedzisira akagovana neaichimbova mudzidzisi wake F. David.
Joachim akava nenguva yakaoma nerufu rwaMendelssohn, rwakatevera musi waNovember 4, 1847, saka akagamuchira kukoka kwaLiszt nokuzvidira ndokutamira kuWeimar muna 1850. Akakwezvwawo pano nokuti panguva iyi akanga akatakurwa nechido. Liszt, akaedza kutaurirana naye pedyo nedenderedzwa rake. Zvisinei, akarerwa naMendelssohn naSchumann mutsika dzedzidzo dzakasimba, akakurumidza kuodzwa mwoyo nemaitiro ekunaka e "chikoro chitsva cheGermany" ndokutanga kuongorora Liszt zvakasimba. J. Milstein anonyora nenzira yakarurama kuti akanga ari Joachim uyo, achitevera Schumann naBalzac, akavaka hwaro hwepfungwa yokuti Liszt akanga ari muiti mukuru uye munyori wenziyo. Joachim akanyora kuti: “Mubhuku rose raLiszt munhu anogona kunzwa nhema.
Kusawirirana kwakanga kwatanga kwakaita kuti Joachim ave nechido chokusiya Weimar, uye muna 1852 akaenda nezororo kuHannover kuti atore nzvimbo yemushakabvu Georg Helmesberger, mwanakomana womudzidzisi wake weViennese.
Hanover chiitiko chakakosha muhupenyu hwaJoachim. Mambo weHanoverian bofu ainyanya kuda mimhanzi uye aikoshesa zvikuru tarenda rake. MuHannover, chiitiko chekudzidzisa chemutambi mukuru weviolin chakagadziridzwa zvizere. Pano Auer akadzidza naye, maererano nemitongo yaani inogona kugumiswa kuti panguva ino maitiro ekudzidzisa aJoachim akanga atove akatemerwa zvakakwana. MuHanover, Joachim akagadzira akati wandei mabasa, kusanganisira Hungarian Violin Concerto, yake yakanakisa kuumbwa.
Muna Chivabvu 1853, mushure mekonzati muDüsseldorf kwaakaita sekondakita, Joachim akava shamwari naRobert Schumann. Akachengetedza hukama naSchumann kusvikira munyori afa. Joachim aive mumwe wevashoma vakashanyira vanorwara Schumann muEndenich. Tsamba dzake kuna Clara Schumann dzakachengetwa pamusoro peidzi shanyo, kwaanonyora kuti pamusangano wokutanga akanga ane tariro yokunaya kwomunyori wacho, zvisinei, pakupedzisira yakapera apo akauya kechipiri: “.
Schumann akatsaurira Fantasia yeViolin (p. 131) kuna Joachim uye akapa manyoro epiyano inoperekedza kuPaganini's caprices, iyo yaaive achishanda nayo mumakore ekupedzisira ehupenyu hwake.
MuHannover, muna May 1853, Joachim akasangana naBrahms (panguva iyoyo aiva munyori asingazivikanwi). Pamusangano wavo wekutanga, hukama hunoshamisa hwakatangwa pakati pavo, hwakasimbiswa nekubatana kunoshamisa kweaesthetics. Joachim akapa Brahms tsamba yekurumbidza kuna Liszt, akakoka shamwari yechidiki kunzvimbo yake muGöttingen kwezhizha, kwavakateerera hurukuro dzehuzivi payunivhesiti yakakurumbira.
Joachim akaita basa guru muupenyu hweBrahms, achiita zvakawanda kuti aone basa rake. Nekudaro, Brahms yakave nemhedzisiro yakakura kuna Joachim mune zvehunyanzvi uye zvekunaka mazwi. Pasi pesimba reBrahms, Joachim akazopedzisira aparadzana naLiszt uye akatora chikamu chikuru mukurwisana kunoramba kuripo pamusoro pe "chikoro chitsva cheGermany".
Pamwe chete neruvengo kuna Liszt, Joachim akanzwa kusafarira zvakanyanya kuna Wagner, izvo, nenzira, zvaive zvakafanana. Mubhuku rekuitisa, Wagner "akatsaurira" mitsetse yakashata kuna Joachim.
Muna 1868, Joachim akagara muBerlin, apo gore rakatevera akagadzwa mutungamiriri wenzvimbo ichangobva kuvhurwa yeConservatory. Akaramba ari munzvimbo iyi kusvika pakuguma kwehupenyu hwake. Kubva kunze, chero zviitiko zvikuru hazvisisiri kunyorwa mubiography yake. Akakomberedzwa nerukudzo neruremekedzo, vadzidzi vanobva kumativi ese enyika vanouya kwaari, anoitisa konzati yakasimba - ega uye ensemble - zviitiko.
Kaviri (muna 1872, 1884) Joachim akauya kuRussia, uko maitiro ake seanoimba ega uye manheru equartet akaitwa nekubudirira kukuru. Akapa Russia mudzidzi wake wepamusoro, L. Auer, uyo akapfuurira pano uye akakudziridza tsika dzemudzidzisi wake mukuru. Russian violinists I. Kotek, K. Grigorovich, I. Nalbandyan, I. Ryvkind vakaenda kuna Joachim kuti vavandudze unyanzvi hwavo.
Musi waKubvumbi 22, 1891, zuva rekuzvarwa kwaJoachim remakumi matanhatu rakapembererwa muBerlin. Kukudza kwakaitika pakonzati yegore negore; iyo tambo orchestra, kunze kwemabhesi maviri, yakasarudzwa chete kubva kuvadzidzi vegamba rezuva - 60 yekutanga uye yakafanana nhamba yechipiri violin, 24 violas, 32 cellos.
Mumakore achangopfuura, Joachim akashanda zvakanyanya nemudzidzi wake uye munyori wehupenyu A. Moser pakupepetwa kwe sonatas and partitas naJ.-S. Bach, Beethoven's quartets. Akatora chikamu chikuru mukugadzirwa kwechikoro cheviolin chaA. Moser, saka zita rake rinooneka semunyori pamwe naye. Muchikoro ichi, nheyo dzake dzekudzidzisa dzakagadziriswa.
Joachim akafa musi waNyamavhuvhu 15, 1907.
Vanyori vehupenyu hwaJoachim Moser naVasilevsky vanoongorora mabasa ake zvakanyanya, vachitenda kuti ndiye ane rukudzo rwe "kufumura" violin Bach, achikurudzira maquartets ekupedzisira eConcerto naBeethoven. Moser, somuenzaniso, anonyora, kuti: “Kana makore makumi matatu apfuura bedzi nyanzvi shomanene dzaifarira Beethoven yokupedzisira, zvino, nokuda kwokupfuurira kunoshamisa kweJoachim Quartet, nhamba yevanoyemura yakawedzera kusvika kumiganhu yakakura. Uye izvi zvinoshanda kwete kuBerlin neLondon chete, uko Quartet yaigara ichipa makonzati. Kwese uko vadzidzi vatenzi vanogara nekushanda, kusvika kuAmerica, basa raJoachim neQuartet yake rinoenderera mberi.
Saka epochal phenomenon yakazova yekusaziva yakaitwa naJoachim. Kubuda kwekufarira mumhanzi waBach, konsati yeviolin uye maquartets ekupedzisira aBeethoven aiitika kwese kwese. Yakanga iri hurongwa hwese hwakakura munyika dzeEurope dzine tsika dzepamusoro dzemimhanzi. Kugadzirisa mabasa aJ.-S. Bach, Beethoven padanho rekonzati rinonyatsoitika pakati pezana ramakore rechi XNUMX, asi manyepo avo anotanga kare Joachim asati, achigadzirira nzira yezviitwa zvake.
Concerto yaBeethoven yakaitwa naTomasini muBerlin muna 1812, neBaio muParis muna 1828, neViettan muVienna muna 1833. Viet Tang aiva mumwe wevakatanga kufarirwa nebasa iri. The Beethoven Concerto yakaitwa zvinobudirira muSt. NezveBeethoven yekupedzisira quartets, pamberi paJoachim vakateerera zvakanyanya kuna Joseph Helmesberger Quartet, iyo muna 1834 yakashinga kuita pachena kunyange Quartet Fugue (Op. 1836).
Maquartets ekupedzisira aBeethoven akaverengerwa mune repertoire yemubatanidzwa unotungamirwa naFerdinand Laub. MuRussia, kuita kwaLipinski kwekupedzisira Beethoven quartets muimba yeDollmaker muna 1839 kwakafadza Glinka. Panguva yekugara kwavo muSt. Petersburg, vaiwanzoitwa neVietanne mudzimba dzeVielgorskys neStroganovs, uye kubva kuma50s vakapinda zvakasimba muzvinyorwa zveAlbrecht, Auer, uye Laub Quartets.
Kugovewa kwakawanda kweaya mabasa uye kufarira mazviri kwakave kugoneka chete kubva pakati pezana ramakore rechiXNUMX, kwete nekuti Joachim akaonekwa, asi nekuda kwemamiriro emagariro akagadzirwa panguva iyoyo.
Ruramisiro inoda, zvisinei, kuziva kuti pane chimwe chokwadi muongororo yaMosesi yezvakanakira Joachim. Iri muchokwadi chokuti Joachim akaita basa rinokosha mukuparadzira uye kuparidzirwa kwemabasa aBach naBeethoven. Kuparadzira kwavo pasina mubvunzo raive basa rehupenyu hwake hwese hwekusika. Mukudzivirira zvinangwa zvake, aive nenheyo, asingambobvumirani mune zveunyanzvi. Pamienzaniso yekurwira kwake mimhanzi yeBrahms, hukama hwake naWagner, Liszt, unogona kuona kuti aive akatsiga sei mukutonga kwake. Izvi zvakaratidzwa mumisimboti yekunaka yaJoachim, uyo akakwevera kune makirasi uye akagamuchira chete mienzaniso mishoma kubva kune virtuoso zvinyorwa zverudo. Kutsoropodza kwake kuPaganini kunozivikanwa, iyo inowanzofanana nechinzvimbo cheSpohr.
Kana chimwe chinhu chakamuodza mwoyo kunyange mubasa revanyori vari pedyo naye, akaramba ari munzvimbo dzekuomerera kune chinangwa kunheyo. Chinyorwa chaJ. Breitburg pamusoro paJoachim chinoti, mushure mekunge awana akawanda "asiri maBachian" mukuperekedzwa kwaSchumann kumasero eBach, akataura achipokana nekuburitswa kwavo ndokunyorera Clara Schumann kuti munhu haafanire "kuzvideredza kuwedzera ... a shizha rakasvava” kumurwi wokusafa womunyori . Achifunga kuti konzati ye<em>violin yaSchumann, yakanyorwa mwedzi mitanhatu asati afa, yakaderera zvikuru pane dzimwe nziyo dzake, anonyora kuti: “Zvakaipa sei kurega kufungisisa kuchidzora kwatakajaira kuda nokuremekedza nomwoyo wedu wose!” Uye Breitburg anowedzera kuti: "Akatakura kuchena uku uye simba repfungwa rezvinzvimbo mumimhanzi isina kusvibiswa muhupenyu hwake hwese hwekusika."
Muhupenyu hwake pachake, kuomerera kwakadaro kumitemo, tsika uye tsika dzakaoma, dzimwe nguva dzakapandukira Joachim pachake. Aive munhu akazviomera iye nevaive pedyo naye. Izvi zvinoratidzwa nenyaya yewanano yake, iyo isingagoni kuverengwa pasina kunzwa kwekushungurudzika. Muna Kubvumbi 1863, Joachim, achigara muHannover, akavimbisana naAmalia Weiss, muimbi ane tarenda (contralto), asi akazviita chimiro chewanano yavo kuti vasiye basa rekuita. Amalia akabvuma, kunyangwe iye mukati akapokana nekubuda pachikuva. Inzwi rake rairemekedzwa zvikuru naBrahms, uye zvizhinji zvezvinyorwa zvake zvakanyorerwa iye, kusanganisira Alto Rhapsody.
Zvisinei, Amalia aisakwanisa kuchengeta mashoko ake uye kuzvipira zvizere kumhuri yake nomurume. Nokukurumidza pashure pomuchato, akadzokera kuchikuva konzati. “Upenyu hweroorano hwomuimbi mukuru we<em>violin,” anonyora kudaro Geringer, “pashoma napashoma hwakava husingafadzi, sezvo murume akatambura negodo rinenge richirwadza, rinogaromutswa nomararamire ayo Madame Joachim vakamanikidzwa nenzira yomuzvarirwo kurarama somuimbi wekonzati.” Kusawirirana pakati pavo kwakawedzera zvikuru muna 1879, apo Joachim akafungira mudzimai wake kuva noukama hwepedyo nomuparidzi Fritz Simrock. Brahms inopindira mukukonana uku, ichinyatsogutsikana nekusava nemhosva kwaAmalia. Anonyengetedza Joachim kuti apengenuke uye muna December 1880 anotumira tsamba kuna Amalia, iyo yakazoshanda sechikonzero chokuparadzana kweshamwari: “Handina kumbopembedza murume wako,” akanyora kudaro Brahms. "Kunyangwe iwe usati, ndaiziva hurombo hwehunhu hwake, nekuda kwekuti Joachim anozvitambudza zvisingakanganwirwi iye nevamwe" ... Uye Brahms inotaura tariro yekuti zvese zvichaumbwa. Tsamba yaBrahms yakaonekwa mukurambana pakati paJoachim nemudzimai wake uye yakagumbura zvikuru muimbi. Hushamwari hwake naBrahms hwakapera. Joachim akarambana muna 1882. Kunyange munyaya iyi, umo Joachim asina kururama zvachose, anoratidzika somurume ane tsika dzakakwirira.
Joachim aive mukuru wechikoro cheGerman violin muhafu yechipiri yezana ramakore rechiXNUMX. Tsika dzechikoro ichi dzinodzokera kuburikidza naDavid kuenda kuSpohr, inoremekedzwa zvikuru naJoachim, uye kubva kuSpohr kuenda kuRoda, Kreutzer naViotti. Concerto yaViotti makumi maviri nemaviri, makonsati eKreutzer naRode, Spohr naMendelssohn vakaumba hwaro hwerepertoire yake yezvidzidzo. Izvi zvakateverwa naBach, Beethoven, Mozart, Paganini, Ernst (mumwero wakadzikama kwazvo).
Nziyo dzaBach uye Concerto yaBeethoven yakatora nzvimbo yepakati mune yake repertoire. Nezvekuita kwake kweBeethoven Concerto, Hans Bülow akanyora muBerliner Feuerspitze (1855) kuti: “Manheru ano acharamba asingakanganwiki uye ari oga ari mundangariro yeavo vaiva nerufaro rwounyanzvi rwakazadza mweya yavo nomufaro mukuru. Akanga asiri Joachim akatamba Beethoven nezuro, Beethoven pachake akatamba! Uku hakusisiri kuita kwenyanzvi huru, uku ndiko kuzarurirwa chaiko. Kunyange munhu asina chokwadi zvikuru anofanira kutenda chishamiso chacho; hakuna kushandurwa kwakadaro kuchigere kuitika. Basa reunyanzvi harina kumbobvira raonekwa zvakajeka uye nekujekerwa, hakuna kumbobvira kwave kusafa kwakashandurwa kuita chokwadi chinopenya zvakanyanya uye nekupenya. Unofanira kunge wakapfugama uchiteerera mimhanzi yerudzi urwu. " Schumann akadaidza Joachim kuti ndiye akanakisa kududzira mumhanzi unoshamisa waBach. Joachim ane mbiri yekutanga yechokwadi edition yeBach's sonatas uye zvibodzwa zve solo violin, chibereko chebasa rake rakakura, rine pfungwa.
Tichifunga nezve wongororo, kupfava, unyoro, kudziya kwerudo kwakakunda mumutambo waJoachim. Yaiva nekanzwi kadiki asi kainakidza chaizvo. Matauriro ane dutu, manyemwe aive asingazivikanwe kwaari. Tchaikovsky, achienzanisa nekuita kwaJoachim naLaub, akanyora kuti Joachim mukuru kuna Laub "mukukwanisa kutora nziyo dzinobaya mwoyo", asi akaderera kwaari "musimba rezwi, mukuda uye nesimba rakanaka." Ongororo dzakawanda dzinosimbisa kuzvidzora kwaJoachim, uye Cui anomuzvidza kunyange nekuda kwekutonhora. Zvisinei, chaizvoizvo kwaiva kuomarara kwechirume, kupfava uye kuomarara kwemaitiro echinyakare ekutamba. Achiyeuka kuimba kwaJoachim naLaub muMoscow muna 1872, mutsoropodzi wenziyo wokuRussia O. Levenzon akanyora kuti: “Tinonyanya kuyeuka mutambo weSpohr; kuita uku kwaive makwikwi echokwadi pakati pemagamba maviri. Kutamba kwakadzikama kwaJoachim uye hukasha hweLaub zvakakanganisa sei duet iyi! Parizvino tinorangarira ruzha rwakaita sebhero raJoachim uye cantilena inopisa yeLaub.
"Murume akasimba, "muRoma," anonzi Joachim Koptyaev, achitiitira mufananidzo wake: "Chiso chakagerwa zvakanaka, chirebvu chakakura, bvudzi gobvu rakakandwa kumusana, tsika dzakadzikama, kutaridzika kwakadzikira - zvakapa mufananidzo we mufundisi. Apa Joachim ari pa stage, vanhu vese vakatura befu. Hapana chinhu chekutanga kana dhimoni, asi kudzikama kwakasimba kwekirasi, iyo isingavhure maronda emweya, asi inoaporesa. MuRoma chaiye (kwete wenguva yekudzikira) pachikuva, akasimba classic - ndiwo maonero aJoachim.
Izvo zvinodikanwa kutaura mazwi mashoma nezve Joachim the ensemble player. Joachim paakagara muBerlin, pano akagadzira quartet yaionekwa seimwe yeakanakisa munyika. Ensemble yaisanganisira, kuwedzera kuna Joachim G. de Ahn (akazotsiviwa naK. Galirzh), E. Wirth naR. Gausman.
Pamusoro paJoachim munyori we<em>quartetist, zvikurukuru pamusoro pokududzira kwake ma<em>quartets okupedzisira aBeethoven, AV Ossovsky akanyora, kuti: “Muzvinhu izvi zvisikwa, zvinokwezva murunako rwazvo rukuru uye hukuru mukudzika kwazvo kunoshamisa, munyori ane unyanzvi nomuiti wake vakanga vari hama pamweya. Ndosaka Bonn, kwaakaberekerwa Beethoven, akapa Joachim muna 1906 zita remugari anoremekedzwa. Uye izvo izvo vamwe vatambi vanotyora pazviri - Beethoven's adagio uye andante - ndivo vakapa Joachim nzvimbo yekuendesa simba rake rose rehunyanzvi.
Somunyori wenziyo, Joachim haana kugadzira chinhu chikuru, kunyange zvazvo Schumann naLiszt vaikoshesa zvikuru nziyo dzake dzokutanga, uye Brahms akawana kuti shamwari yake “ine zvakawanda kupfuura vamwe vanyori vaduku vose vakabatanidzwa.” Brahms akagadziridza maitiro maviri aJoachim epiyano.
Akanyora nhamba yezvidimbu zveviolin, orchestra uye piano (Andante naAllegro op. 1, "Romance" op. 2, nezvimwewo); mitambo yakawanda yevaimbi: “Hamlet” (isina kupera), kumutambo waSchiller wa“Demetrius” uye kungwavaira yaShakespeare “Henry IV”; 3 makontikiti eviolin uye orchestra, iyo yakanyanya kunaka iyo Concerto paHungarian Themes, inowanzoitwa naJoachim nevadzidzi vake. Editions yaJoachim uye cadences zvaive (uye zvakachengetedzwa kusvika nhasi) - editions yeBach's sonatas uye partitas ye solo violin, gadziriro yeviolin nepiyano yeBrahms' Hungarian Dances, cadenza kumakonsati aMozart, Beethoven, Viotti. , Brahms, inoshandiswa mumakonzati emazuva ano uye maitiro ekudzidzisa.
Joachim akatora chikamu mukugadzirwa kweBrahms Concerto uye aive mutambi wayo wekutanga.
Mufananidzo wekugadzira waJoachim ungave usina kukwana kana basa rake rekudzidzisa rikapfuudzwa mukunyarara. Joachim's pedagogy yaive yakadzidza zvakanyanya uye yakanyatso pasi pemaitiro ehunyanzvi ekudzidzisa vadzidzi. Mushori wekudzidziswa kwemichina, akagadzira nzira iyo munzira dzakawanda yakagadzira nzira yeramangwana, sezvo yaive yakavakirwa pamusimboti wekubatana kwemudzidzi wehunyanzvi uye hunyanzvi hwekuvandudza. Chikoro ichi, chakanyorwa pamwe chete naMoser, chinoratidza kuti mukutanga kwekudzidza, Joachim aitsvaga zvinhu zvenzira yekunzwa, achirumbidza nzira dzakadai dzekuvandudza nzeve dzevanotanga kuimba semagadzirirwo: "Zvakakosha zvakanyanya kuti mumhanzi wemudzidzi mharidzo ngaitange yakudziridzwa. Anofanira kuimba, kuimba uye kuimba zvakare. Tartini akatoti: “Ruzha rwakanaka runoda kuimba kwakanaka.” Anotanga violinist haafanire kuburitsa ruzha rumwechete rwaasati amboita nezwi rake… "
Joachim aitenda kuti kukura kwemutambi weviolin hakuparadzaniswe nechirongwa chakafara chedzidzo yeaesthetic, kunze kweiyo kuvandudzwa kwechokwadi kwekuravira kwehunyanzvi hakugoneke. Chinodiwa kuburitsa zvinangwa zvemunyori, zvine mutsindo kuburitsa maitiro uye zviri mukati mebasa, hunyanzvi hwe "kushandurwa kwehunyanzvi" - idzi ndidzo nheyo dzisingazununguki dzeJoachim's pedagogical methodology. Raiva simba rehunyanzvi, kugona kukudziridza kufunga kwehunyanzvi, kuravira, uye kunzwisisa kwemimhanzi mumudzidzi izvo Joachim aive mukuru semudzidzisi. “Iye,” anonyora kudaro Auer, “akanga ari chizaruro chaicho kwandiri, airatidza pamberi pameso angu mativi ounyanzvi hwakakwirira zvokuti handina kukwanisa kufungidzira kutozosvikira panguva iyoyo. Pasi pake, ndakashanda kwete nemaoko angu chete, asiwo nemusoro wangu, ndichidzidza nhamba dzevanyori uye ndichiedza kupinda mukati mehupamhi hwepfungwa dzavo. Tairidza mimhanzi yechamber yakawanda nevatinonamata navo uye tichiteerera tose manhamba, tichigadzirisa uye tichigadzirisa kukanganisa kwemumwe nemumwe. Uyezve, takatora rutivi mumakonzati enziyo dzaiitwa naJoachim, izvo taidada nazvo zvikuru. Dzimwe nguva neSvondo, Joachim aiita misangano yemaquartet, uko isu vadzidzi vake taikokwawo.”
Kana iri tekinoroji yemutambo, yakapihwa nzvimbo isingakoshi muJoachim's pedagogy. “Joachim aisawanzopinda mumashoko ounyanzvi,” tinorava muna Auer, “haana kumbotsanangurira vadzidzi vake nzira yokuwana nayo nyore nyore muunyanzvi, nzira yokuwana nayo ichi kana kuti sitiroko iyo, nzira yokuridza nayo ndima dzakati, kana kuti nzira yokufambisa nayo kuita basa kupfurikidza nokushandisa zvigunwe zvakati. Munguva yechidzidzo, akabata violin uye uta, uye pakarepo kana kutamba kwendima kana mutsara wemimhanzi nemudzidzi usina kumugutsa, iye pachake akatamba nzvimbo inopokana. Akanga asingawanzozvitaura zvakajeka, uye kutaura bedzi kwaakataura pashure pokunge aridza nzvimbo yomudzidzi akafoira kwakanga kuri kwokuti: “Unofanira kuitamba saizvozvo!”, achiperekedzwa nenyemwerero inosimbisa. Nokudaro, avo vedu vakakwanisa kunzwisisa Joachim, kutevera mirairidzo yake isina kujeka, vakabetserwa zvikuru nokuedza kumutevedzera zvikuru sezvataigona; vamwe, vasina kufara, vakaramba vakamira, vasinganzwisise chero chinhu ... "
Isu tinowana kusimbiswa kwemazwi aAuer mune mamwe masosi. N. Nalbandian, apinda mukirasi yaJoachim pashure peSt. Petersburg Conservatory, akashamiswa kuti vadzidzi vose vanobata chiridzwa chacho munzira dzakasiyana-siyana uye nemazvo. Kugadziriswa kwenguva, maererano naye, hakuna kufarira Joachim zvachose. Sezvineiwo, muBerlin, Joachim akapa kudzidziswa kwehunyanzvi kwevadzidzi kumubatsiri wake E. Wirth. Maererano naI. Ryvkind, uyo akadzidza naJoachim mumakore ekupedzisira ehupenyu hwake, Wirth akashanda zvakanyatsonaka, uye izvi zvakagadzirisa zvakanyanya kukanganisa kwemaitiro aJoachim.
Vadzidzi vakanamata Joachim. Auer akanzwa rudo runobata uye kuzvipira kwaari; akazvipira mitsara inodziya kwaari mundangariro dzake, akatumira vadzidzi vake kuti vavandudzwe panguva iyo iye pachake akanga atova mudzidzisi ane mukurumbira pasi rose.
“Ndakaridza konzati yeSchumann muBerlin nePhilharmonic Orchestra yaitungamirirwa naArthur Nikisch,” anoyeuka kudaro Pablo Casals. “Pashure pekonzati, varume vaviri vakauya kwandiri zvishoma nezvishoma, mumwe wavo, sezvandakanga ndatoona, haana chaaigona kuona. Pavakanga vari pamberi pangu, uya akanga achitungamirira bofu noruoko akati: “Hamumuzivi here? Uyu ndiMuzvinafundo Wirth” (murwi wetsiva kubva kuJoachim Quartet).
Iwe unofanirwa kuziva kuti kufa kwaJoachim mukuru kwakagadzira gap pakati pevamwe vake zvekuti kusvika pakupera kwemazuva avo vakatadza kuwirirana nekurasikirwa namambo wavo.
Muzvinafundo Wirth chinyararire vakatanga kunzwa zvigunwe zvangu, maoko, chipfuva. Ipapo akandimbundira, akanditsvoda ndokutaura zvinyoronyoro munzeve yangu: “Joachim haana kufa!”.
Saka kune shamwari dzaJoachim, vadzidzi vake nevateveri, aive uye anoramba ari wepamusoro-soro weunyanzvi hweviolin.
L. Raaben
