Eugène Ysaÿe |

Eugene Ysaÿse

Art ndiwo mugumisiro wekubatanidzwa kwakakwana kwemafungiro nemanzwiro. E. Izai

E. Isai ndiye aive wekupedzisira virtuoso muimbi, pamwe naF. Kleisler, akaenderera mberi nekuvandudza tsika dzerudo rwevatambi veviolin vakatanhamara vezana ramakore rechiXNUMX. Hukuru hwepfungwa nemanzwiro, kupfuma kwefungidziro, kusununguka kwekutaura kwekuvandudza, kunaka kwakaita kuti Izaya ave mumwe wevaturikiri vakatanhamara, akatsunga maitiro ekutanga ekuita nekunyora kwake basa. Dudziro dzake dzakafuridzirwa dzakabatsira zvikuru mukurumbira webasa raS. Frank, C. Saint-Saens, G. Fauré, E. Chausson.

Izai akaberekerwa mumhuri yeviolinist, uyo akatanga kudzidzisa mwanakomana wake pazera remakore 4. Mukomana ane makore manomwe akanga atotamba mumutambo wemitambo uye panguva imwechete akadzidza paLiège Conservatory naR. Massard, ipapo paBrussels Conservatory naG. Wieniawski naA. Vietan. Nzira yeIzaya kuenda kumutambo wekonzati yakanga isiri nyore. Kusvikira 1882. akaramba achishanda mumaokestra - akanga ari mutungamiriri wekambani yeBilse Orchestra muBerlin, uyo maitiro ake akaitwa mune cafe. Chete pakusimbirira kwaA. Rubinstein, uyo Izai akadana kuti "mudzidzisi wake wechokwadi wekududzira", akasiya orchestra ndokutora chikamu mukushanya kwakabatana kweScandinavia naRubinstein, iyo yakasarudza basa rake semumwe wevanonyanya kuridza violin munyika. .

MuParis, hunyanzvi hwekuita hwaIsaya hunoyemurwa nepasi rose, sezvakaita nziyo dzake dzekutanga, pakati peiyo "Elegiac Poem". Franck anotsaurira Violin Sonata yake yakakurumbira kwaari, Saint-Saens the Quartet, Fauré the Piano Quintet, Debussy the Quartet uye violin version yeNocturnes. Pasi pesimba re "Elegiac Poem" yeIzaya, Chausson anogadzira "Nhetembo". Muna 1886 Ysaye akagara muBrussels. Pano anogadzira quartet, iyo yakava imwe yezvakanakisisa muEurope, inoronga symphony makonti (anonzi "Izaya Concerts"), apo vanoita zvakanakisisa vanoita, uye anodzidzisa panzvimbo yekuchengetedza.

Kwemakore anopfuura 40 Izaya akaenderera mberi nebasa rake rekonzati. Nekubudirira kukuru, haaiti seviolinist chete, asiwo semutyairi akatanhamara, anonyanya kuzivikanwa nekuita kwake mabasa naL. Beethoven nevanyori veFrance. PaCovent Garden akaitisa Beethoven's Fidelio, kubva muna 1918-22. anova mukuru conductor weorchestra muCincinnati (USA).

Pamusana pechirwere cheshuga uye chirwere chemaoko, Izaya anoderedza maitiro ake. Nguva yekupedzisira yaanotamba muMadrid muna 1927 iBeethoven concerto inotungamirirwa naP. Casals, anoitisa Heroic Symphony uye katatu Concerto yakaitwa naA. Cortot, J. Thibaut naCasals. Muna 1930, chiitiko chokupedzisira chaIzaya chakaitika. Pane prosthesis mushure mekudimburwa gumbo, anoitisa 500-piece orchestra muBrussels pamhemberero dzakatsaurirwa kumakore zana erusununguko rwenyika. Pakutanga kwegore rinotevera, Izaya atove achirwara zvakanyanya anoteerera kuimba kweopera yake Pierre the Miner, iyo yakanga yapedzwa nguva pfupi yapfuura. Nenguva isipi akafa.

Izaya ine nziyo dzinopfuura makumi matatu, dzakanyanya kunyorerwa violin. Pakati pavo, 30 nhetembo ndeimwe yemhando dziri pedyo nemaitiro ake ekuita. Aya ndiwo maumbirwo echikamu chimwe, echimiro chekuvandudza, ari pedyo nemaitiro ekufungidzira ekutaura. Pamwe chete neanozivikanwa "Elegiac Poem", iyo "Scene at the Spinning Wheel", "Winter Song", "Ecstasy", iyo ine chirongwa chechirongwa, inozivikanwawo.

Nziyo dzaIzaya dzakanyanya kuvandudzwa ndedzake Six Sonatas ye solo violin, zvakare yemhando yechirongwa. Izaya anewo zvidimbu zvakawanda, zvinosanganisira mazurkas uye polonaises, akagadzirwa pasi pesimba rebasa remudzidzisi wake G. Wieniawski, Solo Cello Sonata, cadenzas, zvinyorwa zvakawanda, pamwe chete neimba ye orchestral "Evening Harmonies" ine solo quartet.

Izai akapinda munhoroondo yeunyanzvi hwemimhanzi semuimbi ane hupenyu hwake hwese hwakatsaurirwa kubasa rake raaida. Sokunyora kwakaita Casals, “zita raEugène Isaya richagara richireva kwatiri chimiro chakachena, chakaisvonaka zvikurusa chenyanzvi.”

V. Grigoriev

Eugene Ysaye anoshanda se chinongedzo pakati peiyo Franco-Belgian violin art yekupera kwezana ramakore rechiXNUMX uye kutanga kwezana ramakore rechiXNUMX. Asi zana remakore rechiXNUMX rakamurera; Izai akangopfuudza baton yetsika huru dzerudo dzemuzana rino ramakore kuchizvarwa chinozvidya moyo uye chekupokana chevaviolin vezana ramakore rechi XNUMX.

Isai kudada kwenyika yevanhu veBelgian; Kusvika ikozvino, makwikwi epasi rose violin akaitirwa muBrussels ane zita rake. Aive muimbi wenyika zvechokwadi akagara nhaka kubva kuBelgian uye akabatanidza zvikoro zveFrench violin hunhu hwazvo - njere mukushandisa pfungwa dzerudo zvakanyanya, kujeka uye kusiyanisa, kunaka uye nyasha dzechiridzwa chine hukuru hwemukati manzwiro ayo agara achisiyanisa kutamba kwake. . Akanga ari pedyo nemhepo huru yeGallic musical culture: high spirituality yaCesar Franck; kujeka kwenziyo, kunaka, kupenya kwakanaka uye mufananidzo unoyevedza wezvinyorwa zveSaint-Saens; kusagadzikana kukwenenzvera kwemifananidzo yaDebussy. Mubasa rake, akabvawo kubva ku classicism, iyo ine zvinhu zvakafanana nemimhanzi yeSaint-Saens, kune improvisational-yerudo sonatas ye solo violin, iyo yakadhindwa kwete chete nekufungidzira, asiwo neiyo post-impressionist era.

Ysaye akaberekwa munaChikunguru 6, 1858 munzvimbo yemugodhi yeLiège. Baba vake Nikola vaiva muimbi weorchestra, conductor we salon uye theatre orchestras; muhuduku hwake, akadzidza pane Conservatory kwenguva yakati, asi matambudziko emari haana kumubvumira kupedza. Ndiye akazova mudzidzisi wekutanga wemwanakomana wake. Eugene akatanga kudzidza kuridza violin pazera remakore 4, uye pazera remakore 7 akabatana neochestra. Mhuri yacho yakanga yakakura (vana vashanu) uye yaida mari yokuwedzera.

Eugene akayeuka zvidzidzo zvababa vake nokuonga achiti: “Kana mune ramangwana Rodolphe Massard, Wieniawski naVietanne vakandivhurira pfungwa pamusoro pokududzira uye unyanzvi, ipapo baba vangu vakandidzidzisa unyanzvi hwokuita kuti violin itaure.”

Muna 1865, mukomana wacho akatumirwa kuLiege Conservatory, mukirasi yaDesire Heinberg. Kudzidzisa kwaifanira kubatanidzwa nebasa, izvo zvakakanganisa kubudirira. Muna 1868 amai vake vakafa; izvi zvakaita kuti upenyu hwemhuri hutonyanya kuomera. Kwapera gore pashure porufu rwake Eugene akamanikidzwa kusiya Conservatory.

Kusvikira pazera remakore gumi nemana, akavandudza akazvimirira - airidza violin zvakanyanya, achidzidza mabasa aBach, Beethoven uye akajairika violin repertoire; Ndakaverenga zvakawanda - uye izvi zvese mukati menguva pakati penzendo dzekuBelgium, France, Switzerland neGermany nema orchestra aiitwa nababa vangu.

Sezvineiwo, paakanga ava nemakore 14, Vietang akamunzwa uye akasimbirira kuti mukomana wacho adzokere kunzvimbo inochengeterwa zvinhu. Panguva ino Izai ari mukirasi yaMasara uye ari kufambira mberi nokukurumidza; pasina nguva akahwina mubairo wekutanga pamakwikwi eConservatory uye menduru yegoridhe. Mushure memakore maviri, anosiya Liege ndokuenda kuBrussels. Guta guru reBelgium rakanga rakakurumbira nokuda kwenzvimbo yaro yokuchengeta miti munyika yose, richikwikwidzana neParis, Prague, Berlin, Leipzig neSt. Apo Izai muduku akasvika muBrussels, kirasi yeviolin panzvimbo yekuchengetedza yakatungamirirwa naVenyavsky. Eugene akadzidza naye kwemakore maviri, uye akapedza dzidzo yake kuVieuxtan. Vietang akaenderera mberi izvo Venyavsky akanga atanga. Aive nesimba rakawanda pakukura kweaesthetic maonero uye nehunyanzvi kuravira kwemudiki violinist. Pazuva rezana ramakore rekuzvarwa kwaVietanne, Eugene Ysaye, muhurukuro yaakapa muVerviers, akati: "Akandiratidza nzira, akavhura maziso angu nemoyo."

Nzira yechidiki yeviolin yekuzivikanwa yakanga yakaoma. Kubva 1879 kusvika 1881, Isai akashanda muBerlin orchestra yaW. Bilse, ane makontiti aiitirwa muFlora cafe. Nguva nenguva aingove nerombo rakanaka rekupa makonzati ega. Vezvenhau nguva imwe neimwe vakacherechedza hunhu hwakanaka hwemutambo wake - kutaura, kufemerwa, maitiro asina kunaka. MuBilse Orchestra, Ysaye akaitawo seanoimba ari oga; izvi zvakakwezva kunyange vaimbi vakurusa kuFlora cafe. Pano, kuti ateerere kumutambo weviolin anoshamisa, Joachim akaunza vadzidzi vake; iyo cafe yakashanyirwa naFranz Liszt, Clara Schumann, Anton Rubinstein; ndiye akaomerera pakubva kwaIzaya kubva kuimba uye akaenda naye parwendo rweunyanzvi rweScandinavia.

Rwendo rwokuenda kuScandinavia rwakabudirira. Izai aiwanzotamba naRubinstein, achipa sonata manheru. Ari muBergen, akakwanisa kuzivana naGrieg, vose vatatu vane violin sonatas yaakaita naRubinstein. Rubinstein haana kungova shamwari chete, asiwo shamwari uye muperekedzi wechidiki muimbi. “Usabvuma kuratidzirwa kwokunze kwebudiriro,” akadzidzisa kudaro, “gara uine nharidzano imwe pamberi pako—kududzira nziyo maererano nokunzwisisa kwako, unhu hwako, uye, zvikurukuru, mwoyo wako, uye kwete kungofanana nawo. Basa rechokwadi remuimbi harisi kugamuchira, asi kupa… "

Mushure mekushanya kuScandinavia, Rubinstein anobatsira Izaya mukupedzisa kondirakiti yemakonzati muRussia. Shanyo yake yokutanga yakaitika muzhizha ra1882; makonzati akaitirwa muhoro yekonzati yakakurumbira panguva iyoyo yeSt. Petersburg - yePavlovsk Kursaal. Isa akabudirira. Vepepanhau vakatomuenzanisa naVenyavsky, uye Yzai paakaridza Concerto yaMendelssohn musi waAugust 27, vateereri vaifarira vakamupfekedza korona yemucheka welaurel.

Saka zvakatanga hukama hwenguva refu hwaIzaya neRussia. Anoonekwa pano mumwaka unotevera - munaJanuary 1883, uye kuwedzera kuMoscow neSt. Petersburg tours muKyiv, Kharkov, Odessa, munguva yose yechando. MuOdessa, akapa makonzati pamwe chete naA. Rubinstein.

Chinyorwa chakareba chakaoneka muOdessa Herald, umo makanyorwa kuti: “Mr. Isaya anotapa uye anotapa nekutendeseka, hupenyu uye zvine musoro zvemutambo wake. Pasi peruoko rwake, violin inoshanduka kuva chimbo chipenyu, chine hupenyu: inoimba zvinonzwika, inochema uye inogunun'una zvinogunzva, uye inozevezera zvine rudo, inogomera zvakanyanya, inofara nemheremhere, mushoko rinotumira zvose zviduku zvishoma uye kufashukira kwekunzwa. Iri ndiro simba uye runako rukuru rwemutambo waIsaya…”

Mushure memakore maviri (2) Izai akadzokera kuRussia. Anoita rwendo rutsva rukuru rwemaguta aro. Muna 1885-1883, akazivana nevaimbi vakawanda vokuRussia: muMoscow naBezekirsky, muSt.

Kuita kwake muParis, mune imwe yemakonzati aEdouard Colonne muna 1885, kwakakosha zvakanyanya kuna Ysaye. Koramu yacho yakakurudzirwa nevechidiki mutambi weviolin K. Saint-Saens. Ysaye akaita Spanish Symphony naE. Lalo uye Rondo Capriccioso wekuSaint-Saens.

Mushure mekonzati, mikova yenzvimbo dzepamusoro dzemimhanzi yeParis yakavhurwa pamberi pemudiki weviolin. Anonyatso sangana naSaint-Saens uye mudiki asingazivikanwe Cesar Franck, akange achitanga panguva iyoyo; anotora rutivi mumadekwana avo enziyo, achidisa kugamuchira zvitsva zvake. The temperamental Belgian inokwezva vanyori netarenda rake rinoshamisa, pamwe nekugadzirira kwaanozvipa kusimudzira mabasa avo. Kubva muhafu yechipiri ye80s, ndiye akagadzira nzira yeazvino violin uye chamber-instrumental nziyo nevanyori veFrance neBelgian. Kwaari, muna 1886 Cesar Franck akanyora Violin Sonata - rimwe remabasa makuru enyika yeviolin repertoire. Franck akatumira Sonata kuna Arlon munaGunyana 1886, pazuva rekuroora kwaIsaya naLouise Bourdeau.

Chaive chipo chemuchato. Musi waZvita 16, 1886, Ysaye akaridza sonata nyowani kekutanga manheru muBrussels "Artist's Circle", chirongwa chayo chaisanganisira mabasa aFranck. Isai akabva airidza munyika dzese dzepasi. “Sonata yakatakurwa naEugene Ysaye pasi rose yaifadza Frank,” akanyora kudaro Vensant d'Andy. Kuita kwaIzaya kwakakudza kwete basa iri chete, asiwo musiki waro, nokuti zvisati zvaitika zita raFrank raizivikanwa nevanhu vashoma.

Ysaye akaitira Chausson zvakawanda. Mukutanga kwema90, mutambi weviolin anoshamisa akaita piano trio uye Concerto yeViolin, Piano uye Bow Quartet (kekutanga muBrussels munaKurume 4, 1892). Kunyanya kuna Isaiah Chausson akanyora yakakurumbira "Nhetembo", yakaitwa nemuridzi weviolinist kekutanga musi waDecember 27, 1896 muNancy.

Hushamwari hukuru, hwakagara 80-90s, hwakabatanidza Isai naDebussy. Isai aifarira zvikuru mimhanzi yaDebussy, asi, zvisinei, anonyanya kushanda umo maive nekubatana naFranck. Izvi zvakanyatsokanganisa maitiro ake kune quartet, yakanyorwa nemunyori achiverenga Izaya. Debussy akatsaurira basa rake kuBelgian quartet ensemble inotungamirwa naYsaye. Kuita kwekutanga kwakaitika musi waDecember 29, 1893 pamutambo weNational Society muParis, uye muna March 1894 quartet yakadzokororwa muBrussels. "Izay, anoyemura zvikuru Debussy, akaita nhamburiko dzakawanda dzekunyengerera vamwe vequartetst nezvemubatanidzwa wake wetarenda uye kukosha kwemimhanzi iyi.

Nekuti Isaya Debussy akanyora "Nocturnes" uye akazongozoagadzirisa kuita basa resymphonic. "Ndiri kushanda pamaNocturnes matatu eviolin yega uye orchestra," akanyorera Ysaye musi waSeptember 22, 1894; - rwiyo rwekutanga runomiririrwa netambo, yechipiri - nenyere, nyanga ina, nyere nhatu nembira mbiri; orchestra yechitatu inosanganisa ese ari maviri. Kazhinji, uku ndiko kutsvaga kweakasiyana masanganiswa anogona kupa iwo mavara akafanana, semuenzaniso, mukupenda sketch mune grey toni ... "

Ysaye akatenda zvikuru Debussy's Pelléas et Mélisande uye muna 1896 akaedza (kunyangwe asina kubudirira) kuita kuti opera iitwe muBrussels. Isai akatsaurira maquartets avo kuna d'Andy, Saint-Saens, piyano quintet kuna G. Fauré, haugone kuaverenga ese!

Kubva 1886, Izai akagara muBrussels, kwaakakurumidza kupinda mu "Club of Twenty" (kubvira 1893, sangano re "Free Aesthetics") - sangano revanyori vepamusoro uye vaimbi. Iyo kirabhu yaidzorwa nezvinofurira, nhengo dzayo dzakakwevera kune dzakanyanya hunyanzvi maitiro enguva iyoyo. Isai akatungamira chikamu chemumhanzi chekirabhu, uye akaronga makonti pahwaro hwayo, umo, mukuwedzera kune classics, akasimudzira mabasa ekupedzisira eBelgian nevekunze vanyori. Misangano yekamuri yakashongedzwa neyakajeka quartet inotungamirwa naIzaya. Yaisanganisirawo Mathieu Krikbum, Leon van Gut naJoseph Jacob. Ensembles Debussy, d'Andy, Fauré akatamba nechinyorwa ichi.

Muna 1895, iyo symphonic Izaya Concertos yakawedzerwa kumakamuri emakamuri, ayo akagara kusvika 1914. The orchestra yakaitwa naYsaye, Saint-Saens, Mottl, Weingartner, Mengelberg nevamwe, pakati pevaimbi vakadai saKreisler, Casals, Thibault, Capet, Punyo, Galirzh.

Chiitiko chekonzati chaIzaya muBrussels chakabatanidzwa nekudzidzisa. Akava purofesa panguva Conservatory, kubva 1886 kusvika 1898 akatungamirira makirasi ayo violin. Pakati pevadzidzi vake paiva nevatambi vakakurumbira: V. Primroz, M. Krikbum, L. Persinger nevamwe; Isai aivewo nepesvedzero huru kune vakawanda vairidza violin vasina kudzidza mukirasi yake, semuenzaniso, pana J. Thibaut, F. Kreisler, K. Flesch. Y. Szigeti, D. Enescu.

Mutambi uyu akamanikidzwa kusiya imba yekuchengetera vanhu nekuda kwekuita kwake kwakawanda kwekonzati, kwaakanyanya kukwezvwa nekuda kwechisikigo pane pedagogy. Mumakore ekuma90, akapa makonzati ane simba rakanyanya, pasinei nokuti akava nechirwere chemaoko. Ruoko rwake rworuboshwe runonyanya kunetsa. “Dzimwe nhamo dzose hadzisi chinhu kana dzichienzaniswa neizvo ruoko runorwara runogona kuparira,” akanyora kudaro achinetseka kumudzimai wake muna 1899. Zvichakadaro, haagoni kufungidzira upenyu kunze kwemakonzati, kunze kwenziyo: “Ndinonzwa kufara zvikuru pandinotamba. Ipapo ndinoda zvinhu zvose zviri munyika. Ini ndinopa manzwiro nemoyo. ”…

Sokunge akabatwa nefivha, akafamba achitenderera nyika huru dzeEurope, mukupera kwa1894 akapa makonti muAmerica kekutanga. Mukurumbira wake unova zvechokwadi munyika yose.

Mumakore aya, iye zvakare, dzimwe nguva mbiri, akauya kuRussia - muna 1890, 1895. Musi waMarch 4, 1890, kekutanga kwaari, Izai akaita pachena Concerto yaBeethoven muRiga. Izvi zvisati zvaitika, haana kushinga kuisa basa iri mune repertoire yake. Munguva yekushanya uku, mutambi weviolinist akaunza ruzhinji rweRussia kukamuri ensembles d'Andy naFauré, uye kuna Franck's Sonata.

Munguva ye80s uye 90s, repertoire yeIzaya yakachinja zvakanyanya. Pakutanga, ainyanya kuita mabasa naWieniawski, Vietaine, Saint-Saens, Mendelssohn, Bruch. Mumakore ekuma90, anowedzera kutendeukira kumimhanzi yevatenzi vekare - sonatas yaBach, Vitali, Veracini uye Handel, makontikiti eVivaldi, Bach. Uye pakupedzisira akauya kuBeethoven Concerto.

Repertoire yake inopfumiswa nemabasa evazvino vanyori vekuFrance. Muzvirongwa zvake zvekonzati, Izai akazvidira akabatanidza mabasa nevanyori veRussia - mitambo naCui, Tchaikovsky ("Melancholic Serenade"), Taneyev. Gare gare, muna 900s, akaridza concerto naTchaikovsky naGlazunov, pamwe chete nekamuri ensembles naTchaikovsky naBorodin.

Muna 1902, Isai akatenga villa kumahombekombe eMeuse ndokuipa zita renhetembo "La Chanterelle" (yechishanu ndiyo yakanyanya sonorous uye inonzwika tambo yepamusoro paviolin). Pano, mumwedzi yezhizha, anotora zororo kubva kumakonzati, akakomberedzwa neshamwari uye vanoyemura, vaimbi vane mukurumbira vanoda kuuya pano kuti vave naIzaya uye vapinde mumhepo yemimhanzi yeimba yake. F. Kreisler, J. Thibaut, D. Enescu, P. Casals, R. Pugno, F. Busoni, A. Cortot vaiwanzoshanyirwa muma900s. Manheru, quartets uye sonatas zvaitamba. Asi rudzi urwu rwekuzorora Izai akazvibvumira chete muzhizha. Kusvikira Hondo Yenyika Yekutanga, kusimba kwemakonzati ake hakuna kupera simba. MuEngland chete akapedza mwaka 4 akateedzana (1901-1904), akaitisa Beethoven's Fidelio muLondon uye akabatanidzwa mumitambo yakatsaurirwa kuSaint-Saens. The London Philharmonic yakamupa menduru yegoridhe. Mumakore aya akashanyira Russia ka7 (1900, 1901, 1903, 1906, 1907, 1910, 1912).

Akachengeta hukama hwepedyo, hwakasimbiswa nezvisungo zvehushamwari hukuru, naA. Siloti, mune makonti aakaita. Siroti yakakwezva mauto ehunyanzvi. Izai, uyo akazviratidza nemufaro munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzemakonzati, chaingova pfuma kwaari. Pamwe chete vanopa manheru esonata; mumakonzati Ziloti Ysaye anoita neCasals, ane mukurumbira weSt. Petersburg violinist V. Kamensky (muBach's double concerto), uyo akatungamirira Mecklenburg-Strelitzky quartet. Nenzira, muna 1906, apo Kamensky akangoerekana arwara, Izai akamutsiva ne impromptu ch mu quartet pane imwe yemakonzati. Akanga ari manheru aipenya zvikuru, akadzokororwa nechido nemuchina wokudhinda weSt.

NaRachmaninov naBrandukov, Izai akambotamba (muna 1903) vatatu veTchaikovsky. Pavaimbi vakuru vekuRussia, mutambi wepiyano A. Goldenweiser (sonata manheru musi waNdira 19, 1910) uye mutambi weviolin B. Sibor akapa makonzati naYzai.

Pakazosvika 1910, hutano hwaIzaya hwakanga husina kunaka. Kuita kwakasimba kwekonzati kwakakonzera chirwere chemwoyo, kutya zvakanyanya, chirwere cheshuga chakakura, uye chirwere cheruboshwe chakawedzera. Vanachiremba vanokurudzira zvakasimba kuti muimbi amise makonzati. “Asi iyi mishonga yokurapa inoreva rufu,” Izai akanyorera mudzimai wake pana January 7, 1911.—Kwete! Handisi kuzoshandura hupenyu hwangu semhizha chero bedzi ndiine atomu imwe yesimba yasara; kusvika ndanzwa kudzikira kwechido chinonditsigira, kusvika minwe yangu, kukotama, musoro uchindiramba.

Sokunge dambudziko rakaoma, muna 1911 Ysaye anopa akawanda makonzati muVienna, muna 1912 anofamba achitenderera Germany, Russia, Austria, France. MuBerlin pana January 8, 1912, konzati yake yakapindwa naF. Kreisler, uyo akanonoka zvikurukuru muBerlin, K. Flesh, A. Marto, V. Burmester, M. Press, A. Pechnikov, M. Elman. Izai akaita Elgar Concerto, iyo panguva iyoyo yakanga isingazivikanwi kune ani zvake. Concert yakafamba zvine mutsindo. "Ndakatamba" ndichifara, ini, pandaitamba, pfungwa dzangu ngadzibude semvura zhinji, yakachena uye yakajeka ... "

Mushure mekushanyira nyika dzeEurope muna 1912, Izai anoenda kuAmerica uye anopedza mwaka miviri ikoko; akadzokera kuEurope manheru chaiwo eHondo Yenyika.

Apedza rwendo rwake rweAmerica, Izaya anonakidzwa nekuzorora. Pakutanga kwezhizha pamberi peHondo Yenyika Yekutanga, Isai, Enescu, Kreisler, Thibaut naCasals vakaumba denderedzwa remimhanzi rakavharwa.

"Taienda kuThibault," Casals anoyeuka.

– Uri woga here?

“Paiva nezvikonzero zvacho. Takaona vanhu vakakwana parwendo rwedu… uye taida kugadzira mimhanzi kuti tizvinakidze. Pamisangano iyi, pataiita maquartets, Izai aifarira kuridza viola. Uye semuimbi weviolin, aipenya nekupenya kusingaenzaniswi.

Hondo Yenyika Yekutanga yakawana Ysaye achizorora pa villa "La Chanterelle". Izaya akazununguswa nenjodzi yaiuya. Iyewo aive wepasirese, aive akanyanya kubatana nekuda kwehunyanzvi hwake uye hunyanzvi hwekuita netsika dzenyika dzakasiyana. Zvisinei, pakupedzisira, kuda nyika kwakakunda maariwo. Anotora chikamu mukonzati, muunganidzwa unoitirwa kubatsira vapoteri. Apo hondo yakaswedera pedyo neBelgium, Ysaye, asvika kuDunkirk nemhuri yake, akayambuka nechikepe chehove kuenda kuEngland uye pano anoedzawo kubatsira vapoteri veBelgium neunyanzvi hwake. Muna 1916, akapa makonzati pamberi Belgian, achiridza kwete chete kudzimbahwe, asiwo muzvipatara, uye mberi.

MuLondon, Ysaye anogara ari ega, kunyanya kugadzirisa cadences emakonsati naMozart, Beethoven, Brahms, Mozart's Symphony Concerto yeviolin uye viola, uye kunyora zvidimbu zveviolin nevatenzi vekare.

Mumakore aya, anonyatsosangana nemudetembi Emil Verharn. Zvaiita sekuti hunhu hwavo hwakanga hwakanyanya kusiyana neushamwari hwepedyo hwakadaro. Zvisinei, munguva dzematambudziko makuru evanhu pasi rose, vanhu, kunyange vakasiyana zvikuru, vanowanzobatanidzwa neukama hwemafungiro avo kune zviitiko zviri kuitika.

Mukati mehondo, upenyu hwemakonzati muEurope hwakapotsa hwamira. Izai kamwe chete akaenda kuMadrid nemakonzati. Nokudaro, anobvuma nechido chekuenda kuAmerica uye anoenda ikoko pakupera kwa 1916. Zvisinei, Izaya atova nemakore 60 uye haakwanisi kuita basa guru rekonzati. Muna 1917, akava mutungamiriri mukuru weCincinnati Symphony Orchestra. Mune ino post, akawana kuguma kwehondo. Pasi pechibvumirano, Izai akashanda nechikwata kusvikira 1922. Pane imwe nguva, muna 1919, akauya kuBelgium kwezhizha, asi aigona kudzoka ikoko chete pakupera kwechibvumirano.

Muna 1919, maYsaye Concerts akatangazve mabasa avo muBrussels. Paakadzoka, muiti wacho akaedza, sepakutanga, kuti ave mukuru wesangano rekonzati iyi zvakare, asi utano hwake husina kunaka uye kukwegura hazvina kumubvumira kuti aite mabasa emutyairi kwenguva yakareba. Mumakore achangopfuura, akazvipira kunyanya pakuumba. Muna 1924 akanyora 6 sonatas nokuda solo violin, iyo parizvino inosanganisirwa munyika violin repertoire.

Gore ra1924 rakanga rakaoma zvikuru kuna Izaya - mudzimai wake akafa. Zvisinei, haana kuramba ari murume akafirwa kwenguva refu uye akaroorazve mudzidzi wake Jeanette Denken. Akavhenekera makore ekupedzisira ehupenyu hwemurume mukuru, akamutarisira nokutendeka apo hurwere hwake hwaiwedzera. Muhafu yekutanga ye20s, Izai achiri kupa makonti, asi akamanikidzwa kuderedza nhamba yemitambo gore negore.

Muna 1927, Casals akakoka Isaya kuti atore chikamu mumakonzati eiyo symphony orchestra yakarongwa naye muBarcelona, ​​​​pamanheru emhemberero mukukudza kwegore rezana rekufa kwaBeethoven. “Pakutanga akaramba (hatifaniri kukanganwa,” anoyeuka kudaro Casals, “kuti mutambi mukuru we<em>violin akanga asati amboridza ari oga kwenguva refu zvikuru). Ndakasimbirira. "Asi zvinoita here?" – akabvunza. “Hungu,” ndakapindura kudaro, “zvinobvira.” Izaya akabata maoko angu mumaoko ake ndokuwedzera kuti: “Dai chishamiso ichi chakaitika!”.

Kwakanga kwasara 5 months kuti konzati iitwe. Imwe nguva gare gare, mwanakomana waIzaya akandinyorera kuti: “Kudai waigona kuona baba vangu vanodiwa vari kubasa, zuva nezuva, kwemaawa, vachitamba zvikero zvishoma nezvishoma! Hatingamutarise tisingachemi.

… “Izaya akava nenguva dzinoshamisa uye kuita kwake kwakabudirira zvikuru. Paakapedza kutamba akanditsvaga kuseri kwesiteji. Akazviwisira pasi nemabvi ake, akabata maoko angu, achiti: “Amuka! Amutswa!” Yakanga iri nguva inofamba zvisingatsananguriki. Mangwana acho ndakaenda kunomuona kuchiteshi. Akazendama nepafafitera remotokari, uye chitima chakanga chava kutofamba, akaramba akandibata ruoko, achiita seanotya kuchirega.

Mukupera kwema20, hutano hwaIzaya hwakazodzikira; chirwere cheshuga, chirwere chemwoyo chakawedzera zvakanyanya. Muna 1929, gumbo rake rakadimburwa. Akarara pamubhedha, akanyora basa rake guru rekupedzisira - opera "Pierre Miner" mumutauro weWalloon, ndiko kuti, mumutauro wevanhu avo vaiva mwanakomana wavo. Opera yakapedzwa nokukurumidza zvikuru.

Semunhu aiimba ari ega, Izai akange asisaite. Akazooneka pachikuva imwezve nguva, asi atova kondakita. Musi waNovember 13, 1930, akaita muBrussels pamhemberero dzakatsaurirwa kumakore zana ekusununguka kweBelgium. The orchestra yaiva nevanhu mazana mashanu, soloist aiva Pablo Casals, uyo akaita Lalo Concerto uye Yechina Nhetembo Ysaye.

Muna 1931, akarohwa nedambudziko idzva - rufu rwehanzvadzi yake nemwanasikana. Aitsigirwa chete nepfungwa yekuuya kwekugadzirwa kwe opera. Kutanga kwayo, kwakaitika munaKurume 4 kuRoyal Theatre muLiege, akateerera mukiriniki paredhiyo. Musi waApril 25, opera yakaitwa muBrussels; munyori anorwara akaendeswa kuimba yemitambo ari pamubhedha. Akafarira kubudirira kwe opera semwana. Asi ndiwo wakava mufaro wake wokupedzisira. Akafa musi waMay 12, 1931.

Kuita kwaIzaya nderimwe remapeji akajeka kwazvo munhoroondo yenyika yeviolin art. Matambiro ake aive erudo; kazhinji aifananidzwa naWieniawski naSarasate. Zvisinei, tarenda rake remimhanzi rakabvumira, zvisinei, asi zvinogutsa uye zvakajeka, kududzira zvinyorwa zvekare zveBach, Beethoven, Brahms. Kududzira kwake zvinyorwa izvi kwakazivikanwa uye kwakaongwa zvikuru. Saka, mushure memakonti e1895 muMoscow, A. Koreshchenko akanyora kuti Izai akaita Sarabande naGigue Bach "nekunzwisisa kunoshamisa kwemaitiro uye mweya" wemabasa aya.

Zvakadaro, mukududzirwa kwemabasa echinyakare, haaigona kuiswa pachiyero naJoachim, Laub, Auer. Ihwo hunhu hwekuti V. Cheshikhin, akanyora ongororo yekuita kwekonsati yaBeethoven muKyiv muna 1890, haana kuienzanisa naJoachim kana Laub, asi ... neSarasate. Akanyora kuti Sarasate “yakaisa moto wakawanda nesimba mubasa iri duku raBeethoven zvokuti akarovedza vateereri kunzwisisa kwakasiyana chose chose kwekonti; chero zvazvingava, maitiro ane nyasha uye akapfava ekutamisa Isaya anonakidza zvikuru.

Muongororo yaJ. Engel, Yzai anopokana naJoachim: “Ndiye mumwe wevanoridza violin vemazuva ano, kunyangwe wekutanga pakati pevekutanga verudzi rwake. Kana Joachim asingasviki sechinyakare, Wilhelmi ane mukurumbira nekuda kwesimba rake risingaenzaniswi uye kuzara kwenzwi, saka kutamba kwaVaIsaya kunogona kushanda semuenzaniso unoshamisa wenyasha uye nyoro, kupedzisa kwakanakisa kwezvese, uye kudziya kwekuita. Kubatanidzwa uku hakufaniri kutombonzwisiswa nenzira yokuti VaIsaya havakwanisi kuperera mumutauro wekare kana kuti matauriro avo haana simba uye kuzara - mune izvi iyewo inyanzvi inoshamisa, izvo zviri pachena, pakati. zvimwe zvinhu, kubva kuBeethoven's Romance uye yechina konzati Vietana ... "

Panyaya iyi, ongororo yaA. Ossovsky, iyo yakasimbisa rudo rweunyanzvi hwaIzaya, inoisa mavara ose pa "uye" mune izvi. "Pakati pemhando mbiri dzinofungidzirwa dzevatambi vemimhanzi," Ossovsky akanyora, "vanyori vechimiro uye vanyori vemaitiro," E. Izai, zvechokwadi, ndeyekutanga. Akaridza maconcerto echinyakare naBach, Mozart, Beethoven; Isu takanzwawo mumhanzi wekamuri kubva kwaari - Mendelssohn's uye Beethoven's quartets, M. Reger's suite. Asi zvisinei kuti mazita mangani andakatumidza, kwese uye nguva dzose yaive Izaya pachake. Kana Hans Bülow's Mozart aigara achibuda seMozart chete, uye Brahms chete Brahms, uye hunhu hwemuiti hwairatidzwa chete mukuzvidzora uku kunopfuura kwemunhu uye mukutonhora uye kupinza sekuongorora kwesimbi, ipapo Bülow yakanga isiri yakakwirira kupfuura Rubinstein, sezvakangoita. zvino J. Joachim pamusoro paE. Ysaye…”

Matauriro akazara eongororo anopupurira zvisingarambiki kuti Izai aive mudetembi wechokwadi, ane rudo rweviolin, achibatanidza kupenya kwehunhu nekureruka kunoshamisa uye hunhu hwekutamba, nyasha uye kukwenenzverwa nerwiyo rwunopinda. Anenge nguva dzose muongororo yavakanyora pamusoro pezwi rake, kujekesa kwe cantilena, pamusoro pekuimba paviolin: "Uye anoimba sei! Pane imwe nguva, violin yaPablo de Sarasate yakaimba zvinonyengera. Asi kwaiva kutinhira kwecoloratura soprano, yakanaka, asi yairatidza kakunzwa. Izaya's toni, inogara yakachena, isingazive kuti "creaky" inonzwika ye ekrypkch, yakanaka mune piyano uye forte, inogara ichiyerera yakasununguka uye inoratidza kubhenda kudiki kwekutaura kwemimhanzi. Kana iwe ukaregerera munyori wekudzokorora mazwi akadai se "kukotama kutaura", saka kazhinji akatsanangura zvakajeka maitiro eiyo Izaya inonzwika.

Mukuongorora kwe80s uye 90s mumwe aigona kuverenga kakawanda kuti inzwi rake rakanga risina simba; Mumakore ekuma900, ongororo dzakati wandei dzinoratidza zvakapesana: "Iri ingori rudzi rwehofori iyo, nenzwi rayo rakakura rakakura, inokukunda kubva panyoro yekutanga ..." - rupo rupo rwechimiro chakafara uye chakawanda, chakapfuma zvinoshamisa zvemweya.

“Zvakaoma kumutsa murazvo, fungidziro yaIzaya. Ruoko rworuboshwe runoshamisa. Aive anoshamisa paakaridza maSaint-Saens concertos uye zvisingaite paakaridza Franck sonata. Munhu anonakidza uye akatsauka, chimiro chakasimba zvakanyanya. Aida chikafu chakanaka nechinwiwa. Akataura kuti muimbi anoshandisa simba rakawanda panguva yemitambo zvekuti anobva atoda kuvadzoreredza. Uye aiziva nzira yokuadzorera nayo, ndinokuudzai chokwadi! Mamwe manheru, pandakauya kuimba yake yokupfeka kuti ndiratidze kuyemura kwangu, akandipindura neziso rokunyengera, kuti: “Enescu yangu duku, kana uchida kutamba seni pazera rangu, ipapo tarira, usave murau!

Izai ainyatso shamisa munhu wese aimuziva nerudo rwake rwehupenyu uye neshungu dzekudya. Thibaut anoyeuka kuti paakaunzwa kuIzaya achiri mwana, akatanga kukokwa kune imwe imba yekudyira, uye akashamiswa nehuwandu hwezvokudya zvakapedzwa nehombe ine chido cheGargantua. Apedza kudya, Izaya akakumbira mukomana wacho kuti amuridzira violin. Jacques akaita Wieniawski Concerto, uye Izai akamuperekedza pa violin, uye nenzira iyo Thibaut akanzwa zvakajeka timbre yeimwe neimwe yezviridzwa zveorchestra. “Yakanga isiri muimbi weviolin - yaive murume-orchestra. Ndichipedza akabva aisa ruoko rwake pabendekete pangu achibva ati.

“Zvakanaka mwanangu, ibva pano.

Ndakadzokera muimba yokudyira, vachengeti vakanga vachigadzira patafura.

Ndakawana nguva yekuenda kunhaurirano diki inotevera:

"Zvisinei, muenzi akaita saIzaya-san anokwanisa kugadzira gomba rakakura mubhajeti!"

- Uye akabvuma kuti ane shamwari inodya zvakanyanya.

– ASI! Ndiani?

"Uyu mutambi wepiyano anonzi Raul Pugno ..."

Jacques akanyara zvikuru nekurukurirano iyi, uye panguva iyoyo Izai akareurura kuna baba vake kuti: “Munoziva, ichokwadi—mwanakomana wenyu anotamba zviri nani kundipfuura!”

Chirevo chaEnescu chinonakidza: “Izai … ndeweavo vane njere dzinopfuura nekusasimba kudiki. Hongu, handibvumirani naye pazvinhu zvose, asi hazvina kumbouya kwandiri kuti ndipikisane naIzaya nemaonero angu. Usaite nharo naZeus!

Cherekedzo inokosha pamusoro pounyanzvi hwaIsai hwokuridza violin yakaitwa naK. Flesh: “Mumakore ekuma80 ezana ramakore rapfuura, vaimbi veviolin vakuru havana kushandisa kudedera kukuru, asi vakashandisa bedzi kunonzi kubvunda kwemunwe, umo toni inokosha yaiitwa. mavibrations asingaonekwi chete. Kubvunda pazvinonyorwa zvisingatauriki, tisingarevi ndima, zvaionekwa sezvisina kunaka uye zvisina kunaka. Izai ndiye aive wekutanga kuunza kuzunguzika kwakafara mukuita, achitsvaga kufema hupenyu muhunyanzvi hweviolin.

Ndinoda kupedzisa rondedzero yemufananidzo weIzaya mutambi weviolin nemashoko eshamwari yake huru Pablo Casals: "Izaya aiva muenzi mukuru sei! Paakaoneka pachikuva, zvaiita sokuti mambo akanga achibuda. Akanaka uye anozvikudza, ane chimiro chikuru uye chitarisiko cheshumba duku, ane kupenya kunoshamisa mumaziso ake, zviratidzo zvinopenya uye chiso chake - iye pachake akanga atova chitarisiko. Ini handina kugovera maonero evamwe vandaishanda navo vakamuzvidza nerusununguko rwakanyanyisa mumutambo uye fungidziro yakawandisa. Zvakanga zvakafanira kufunga nezvemaitiro uye kuravira kwenguva iyo Izaya yakaumbwa. Asi chinonyanya kukosha ndechekuti akabva abata vateereri nesimba reunyanzvi hwake.

Izai akafa pana May 12, 1931. Rufu rwake rwakapinza Belgium mukuchema kworudzi. Vincent d'Andy naJacques Thibault vakauya vachibva kuFrance kuzoenda kumariro. Bhokisi raiva nemutumbi wemuimbi uyu rakaperekedzwa nevanhu chiuru. Paguva rake pakamiswa chiyeuchidzo, chakashongedzwa nebas-relief naConstantine Meunier. Mwoyo waIzaya mubhokisi rinokosha wakatakurwa kuenda kuLiege ndokuvigwa munyika yekumusha kwemuenzi mukuru.

L. Raaben