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kubva padingindira rechiGiriki, rakajeka. - chii chiri hwaro

Chimiro chemimhanzi chinoshanda sehwaro hwebasa remimhanzi kana chikamu chayo. Nzvimbo inotungamira yedingindira mubasa inosimbiswa nekuda kwekukosha kwechifananidzo chemimhanzi, kugona kukudziridza zvinangwa zvinoumba dingindira, uye zvakare nekuda kwekudzokorora (chaiyo kana kwakasiyana). Dingindira ndiro hwaro hwekuvandudzwa kwemimhanzi, musimboti wekuumbwa kwechimiro chebasa remimhanzi. Mune akati wandei, dingindira harienderane nebudiriro (episodic themes; madingindira anomiririra basa rese).

Thematic ratio. uye isiri-thematic zvinhu mukugadzira. inogona kuva yakasiyana: kubva kune nzira. nhamba yezvivakwa zvakarerekera kune thematic (somuenzaniso, episodic motifs muzvikamu zvebudiriro) kusvika T. yakunda zvachose zvinhu zvese. Prod. inogona kuva imwe-yakasviba uye yakawanda-yakasviba, uye T. kupinda muukama hwakasiyana-siyana kune mumwe nemumwe: kubva paukama hwepedyo kusvika pakurwisana kwakajeka. Iyo yese yakaoma ndeye thematic. chiitiko muchinyorwa chinoumba dingindira rayo.

Hunhu uye chimiro che t. zvinoenderana zvakanyanya nemhando uye chimiro chekugadzira. zvakazara (kana zvikamu zvaro, hwaro hwayo iri T.). Zvinosiyana zvakasiyana, semuenzaniso, mitemo yekuvaka yeT. fugue, T. Ch. zvikamu zve sonata allegro, T. inononoka chikamu che sonata-symphony. kutenderera, nezvimwewo T. homophonically harmonic. warehouse inotaurwa muchimiro chenguva, pamwe nechimiro chemutsara, mune iri nyore 2- kana 3-chikamu fomu. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, T. haina tsanangudzo. fomu yakavharwa.

Pfungwa ye "T." kutsungirira nzira. kuchinja munhoroondo. development. Izwi rinotanga kuitika muzana remakore rechi16, rakakweretwa kubva kune rhetoric, uye panguva iyoyo kazhinji raipindirana mune zvinoreva nemamwe mazano: cantus firmus, soggetto, tenor, nezvimwewo X. Glarean ("Dodecachordon", 1547) inodana T. osn. inzwi (tenor) kana izwi, iro rinotungamirira rwiyo (cantus firmus) rinochengeterwa, G. Tsarlino ("Istitutioni harmoniche", III, 1558) anodana T., kana passagio, melodic. mutsara umo cantus firmus inoitwa nenzira yakashandurwa (kusiyana nesoggetto - inzwi rinotungamirira cantus firmus pasina kuchinja). Dr. theorists vomuzana remakore rechi16. simbisa musiyano uyu nekushandisawo izwi rekuti inventio pamwe nerekuti tema uye subjectum pamwe nerekuti soggetto. Muzana ramakore rechi 17 musiyano uripo pakati peidzi pfungwa unodzimwa, anova anoreva zvakafanana; saka, chinyorwa sechinofanana che T. chakachengetedzwa muWestern Europe. musicologist. litre-re kusvika muzana remakore rechi20. Mu 2nd floor. 17 - 1st floor. Muzana remakore rechi18 izwi rokuti "T." yakasarudzwa kunyanya mimhanzi huru. fugue thought. Isa mberi mune dzidziso yemimhanzi classical. nheyo dzekuvaka T. fugues dzinobva paCh. arr. pakuongorora kwekuumbwa kwedingindira muJS Bach's fugues. Polyphonic T. inowanzova monophonic, inoyerera yakananga mune inotevera mimhanzi yekuvandudza.

Mu 2nd floor. Kufunga kwezana remakore rechi18 Homophonic, iyo yakaumbwa mubasa reViennese classics nevamwe vanyori venguva ino, inoshandura unhu hwaT. Mumabasa avo. T. - yose melodic-harmonic. yakaoma; pane musiyano wakajeka pakati pedzidziso nebudiriro (G. Koch akaunza pfungwa ye "basa remusoro" mubhuku Musicalisches Lexikon, TI 2, Fr./M., 1802). Pfungwa ye "T." inoshanda kune angangoita ese homophonic mafomu. Homophonic T., kusiyana nepolyphonic, ine yakanyatsojeka. miganhu uye mukati memukati wakajeka. kutaura, kazhinji kureba kukuru uye kukwana. Yakadaro T. chikamu chemamouse akaparadzaniswa kune imwe dhigirii kana imwe. prod., iyo "inosanganisira hunhu hwayo" (G. Koch), iyo inoratidzwa muizwi rechiGerman rekuti Hauptsatz, rinoshandiswa kubva pauriri hwechipiri. Zana remakore rechi2 pamwe chete neshoko rokuti "T." (Hauptsatz zvinorevawo T. ch. zvikamu mu sonata allegro).

Vaimbi verudo vezana ramakore rechi 19, vachitsamira kazhinji pamitemo yekuvaka nekushandiswa kwezviridzwa zvemimhanzi zvakagadzirwa mubasa reViennese classics, vakawedzera zvakanyanya kuwanda kweiyo thematic art. Kunyanya kukosha uye kuzvimiririra. iyo motifs inoumba toni yakatanga kuita basa (somuenzaniso, mumabasa aF. Liszt naR. Wagner). Kuwedzera chido nokuda thematic. kubatana kwechigadzirwa chose, izvo zvakakonzera kuonekwa kwe monothematism (onawo Leitmotif). Iyo yega yega ye thematism yakazviratidza mukuwedzera kwekukosha kwemavara-rhythm. uye timbre maitiro.

Muzana ramakore rechi20 kushandiswa kwemamwe mapatani eiyo 19th-century thematicism. inobatanidza nezviitiko zvitsva: kukwezva kune zvinhu zvepolyphonic. thematism (DD Shostakovich, SS Prokofiev, P. Hindemith, A. Honegger, nevamwe), kudzvanywa kwedingindira kune ipfupi vavariro kuvaka, dzimwe nguva maviri kana matatu-toni (IF Stravinsky, K. Orff, yekupedzisira inoshanda naDD Shostakovich ) Zvisinei, zvinorehwa neintonation thematism mubasa renhamba yevanyori inowira. Kune mitemo yakadaro yekuumba, maererano nekushandiswa kweiyo yekare pfungwa yeT. yakave isina kunyatsoruramiswa.

Muzviitiko zvakawanda, kusimba kwakanyanya kwekusimudzira kunoita kuti zvisakwanise kushandisa zviridzwa zvakanyatsogadzirwa, zvinonyatsosiyanisa zviridzwa (zvinonzi mimhanzi yeathematic): kuratidzwa kweiyo sosi inosanganiswa nekukura kwayo. Zvisinei, zvinhu zvinotamba basa rehwaro hwebudiriro uye zviri pedyo nekushanda kuT zvinochengetwa. Aya ndiwo mamwe mapindiro anobata misisi yose pamwechete. jira (B. Bartok, V. Lutoslavsky), mutsara uye huwandu hwemhando yezvinhu zvinokurudzira (somuenzaniso, mu dodecaphony), zvinyorwa-rhythmic, timbre maitiro (K. Penderetsky, V. Lutoslavsky, D. Ligeti). Kuti uongorore zviitiko zvakadaro, nhamba yevanyori vemimhanzi vanoshandisa pfungwa ye "dispersed thematism".

References: Mazel L., Maumbirwo emabasa emimhanzi, M., 1960; Mazel L., Zukkerman V., Kuongororwa kwemabasa emimhanzi, (chikamu 1), Zvinhu zvemimhanzi uye nzira dzekuongorora mafomu maduku, M., 1967; Sposobin I., Mumhanzi fomu, M., 1967; Ruchyevskaya E., Basa remumhanzi theme, L., 1977; Bobrovsky V., Nheyo dzinoshanda dzemhando yemimhanzi, M., 1978; Valkova V., Panyaya yepfungwa ye "musical theme", mubhuku: Musical art uye sainzi, vol. 3, M., 1978; Kurth E., Grundlagen des linearen Kontrapunkts. Bachs melodische Polyphonie, Bern, 1917, 1956

VB Valkova