Romanesque |
ital. romanesca
Iro zita reakasiyana akajairika muZap. Europe 17-18 mazana emakore. instr. mitambo yekutamba, kutenderera kwakasiyana, pamwe nearias nenziyo dzine instr. kuperekedza, iyo yakavakirwa pane imwe melodic-harmonic. modhi ine hukama nefolia uye yekare passamezzo (passamezzo antico).
Etymology yezita uye kwakabva R. hazvina kunyatsojeka. Sezviri pachena, yakabva kuItaly kana kuSpain; saizvozvo, zita rinodudzirwa serimwe chirevo chetsanangudzo "mumaitiro echiRoma" (alla maniera Romana) kana sekutorwa kubva kuSpanish. romance.
Chinyorwa F. Salinas "De Musica" (1577) chine zvakawanda. sampuli dzenziyo dzevanhu R. - mumutauro wechiPutukezi. folia, ine chekuita neItaly. galliarde, spanish villancico, pavane, nezvimwewo, izvo zvaiwanzogadziriswa naProf. vanyori. In decomp. R. nziyo dzinowana maitiro ega ega zvine chekuita nemutinhimira. nekusiyanisa kufambira mberi kwe nhanho kunovadzika muhuremu hwekota, nekuunza manzwi asiri e-chord, zvishongo, nezvimwewo. Muchiitiko ichi, zvisinei, manzwi ereferenzi anowanzopinda panguva dzenguva dzose. Imwe yekutsauka kwekutanga kubva pane iyi ndeye Monteverdi's duet "Ohimi dov'i il mio ben" mukontiki kubva mubhuku rechinomwe remadrigals (7).
Yakanyanya kugadzikana yaive bass nhamba (kusvetuka kusvika kune yechina), inoshanda seyakanyanya. siyanisa. chiratidzo cheR.; zvisinei, kubva pakutanga 17th century uye bass quart mafambiro aiwanzozadzwa nemanzwi epakati. Muses. R.'s fomu yakatangwa kare kupfuura zita rayo; Pakutanga, mitambo iri pedyo neR. yakagadzirwa pasi pemamwe mazita. Zvidimbu zvekutanga zvinonzi "R." madhanzi eruti (A. de Becchi, 1568). Pakutanga. 17th century R. yakajairika pakuimba nebass general, ye cithara (J. Frescobaldi, miunganidzwa ye1615, 1630 uye 1634), muuriri hwechipiri. 2th century - yezviridzwa zveibhodhi (B. Storace, 17). Muzana remakore rechi1664 uye 19th kugadziriswa kwemitambo yekare yakaitwa naJD Alar (yeviolin uye pianoforte) uye AK Glazunov (r. kubva kuBallet Raymonda).
References: Riеmann H., The "Basso ostinato" uye kutanga kwecantata, "SIMG", 1911/12, gore rechi13; Netl R., Two Spanish ostinato themes, «ZfMw», 1918/19, vol. 1, mapeji 694-98; Gombosi О., Italia: patria del basso ostinato, «Rass. mus.», 1934, ndima 7; Hоrsley J., The 16th-century musiyano, «JAMS», 1959, v. 12, p. 118-32.
