Hukama hwemakiyi |
Kubatana kwakakosha - kuswedera kwekiyi, inotarwa nenhamba uye kukosha kwezvinhu zvakajairika (manzwi, nguva, chords). Iyo tonal system inoshanduka; saka, kuumbwa kwezvinhu zve tonality (sound-stepping, interval, chordal, uye functionality) hairambe yakafanana; rt hachisi chinhu chakakwana uye chisingachinji. Nheyo yeR. t., yechokwadi kune imwe tonal system, inogona kunge isingashande kune imwe. Kuwanda kweR.t. zvirongwa munhoroondo yedzidziso yekubatana (AB Marx, E. Prout, H. Riemann, A. Schoenberg, E. Lendvai, P. Hindemith, NA Rimsky-Korsakov, BL Yavorsky, GL Catuar, LM Rudolf, vanyori ve iyo "brigade textbook" IV Sposobin uye AF Mutli, OL uye SS Skrebkovs, Yu. N. Tyulin uye NG Privano, RS Taube, MA Iglitsky nevamwe) pakupedzisira inoratidza kukura kwetonal system.
Zvemimhanzi 18-19 mazana emakore. Iyo yakanyatsokodzera, kunyangwe isina kukanganisa, ndiyo systematics yeR. t., yakanyorwa mubhuku rekubatana naNA Rimsky-Korsakov. Yepedyo tonalities (kana ayo ari 1st dhigirii yehukama) ndiwo matanhatu, tonic. triads to-rykh ari pamatanho ehumwe hunhu hwakapihwa (natural uye harmonic modes). Semuenzaniso, C-dur inowirirana zvakanyanya ne-mudiki, G-dur, e-mudiki, F-dur, d-mudiki uye f-mudiki. Zvimwe, makiyi arikure anoteerana mu2nd uye 3rd degree yehukama. Maererano naIV Sposobin, iyo R. t. sisitimu yakavakirwa pane kana tonality yakabatana neyakajairika tonic yeimwe kana imwe mood. Somugumisiro, tonality yakakamurwa kuva mapoka matatu: I - diatonic. hukama, II - mukuru-mudiki hama, III - chromatic. hama, eg. kuC mukuru:
Munziyo dzemazuva ano, chimiro chenzwi chachinja; rarasikirwa neganhuriro dzaro dzekare, rakava munzira dzakawanda romunhu oga. Naizvozvo, masisitimu eR. t., ane chekuita nekare, haaratidze kusiyana kweR. t. munguva dzazvino uno. music. Conditioned acoustic. hukama hwemanzwi, hukama hwechishanu uye hwepamusoro hunoramba huchikosha munguva dzazvino. kuwirirana. Zvakadaro, muzviitiko zvakawanda zveR. t. inobatanidzwa zvakanyanya nekuoma kweharmonics inoratidzwa muchimiro chetoni yakapihwa. zvinhu. Nekuda kweizvozvo, hukama hwekushanda hwetoni yepedyo kana chinhambwe chinogona kuve chakasiyana. Saka, kana, semuenzaniso, mukuumbwa kwekiyi h-moll kune kuwirirana V yakaderera uye II nhanho dzakaderera (nematoni makuru f uye c), saka nekuda kweizvi, kiyi f-moll inogona kuve. yakanyatsoenderana neh-moll (ona 2- th kufamba kweShostakovich's 9th symphony). Mumusoro wevavhimi (Des-dur) kubva kune symphony. ngano naSS Prokofiev "Peter neWolf", nekuda kwechimiro chega chega che tonality (chete nhanho I uye "Prokofiev inotonga" - VII yakakwirira inopiwa mairi), tonic is semitone yakaderera (C-dur) inoshanduka kuva iri pedyo zvikuru kupfuura iyo yechinyakare inotonga pachikuva V ( As-dur), kuwirirana kwacho kusingambooneki mudingindira.
References: Dolzhansky AN, Pamusana pezvinyorwa zveShostakovich, "SM", 1947, No 4, muunganidzwa: Zvimiro zveD. Shostakovich's style, M., 1962; Mytli AF, Pane modulation. Kumubvunzo wekuvandudzwa kwedzidziso dzeNA Rimsky-Korsakov pamusoro pekubatana kwematoni, M.-L., 1948; Taube RS, Pamusoro pehurongwa hwehukama hwematoni, "Sainzi uye methodological manotsi eSaratov Conservatory", vol. 3, 1959; Slonimsky SM, Prokofiev's Symphonies, M.-L., 1969; Skorik MM, Mode system yeS. Prokofiev, K., 1969; Sposobin IV, Hurukuro pakufamba kwekuwirirana, M., 1969; Tiftikidi HP, Dzidziso yeone-tertz uye tonal chromatic systems, mu: Mibvunzo yemhanzi theory, vol. 2, M., 1970; Mazel LA, Matambudziko echinyakare kuwirirana, M., 1972; Iglitsky M., Hukama hwekiyi uye dambudziko rekutsvaga modulation zvirongwa, mu: Musical Art neSainzi, vol. 2, M., 1973; Rukavishnikov VN, Zvimwe zvekuwedzera uye kujekeswa kuhurongwa hwehukama hwetoni hweNA Rimsky-Korsakov uye nzira dzinobvira dzekusimudzira kwayo, mu: Mibvunzo yeMimhanzi Theory, vol. 3, M., 1975. Onawo lit. paArt. Harmony.
Yu. N. Kholopov
