Glissando |

Glissando (Italian glissando, kubva kuFrench glisser - to slide) inyanzvi yekuridza, inosanganisira nekukasira kutsveta chigunwe uchitevedza tambo kana makiyi emimhanzi. tool. Kusiyana neportamento, inova nzira yekutaura. kuita, kusina kurongwa nemunyori munziyo notation uye inowanzonzi G., chaizvoizvo G. inoiswa mudikita notation, inomiririra chikamu chakakosha chezvinyorwa zvemimhanzi. Mufp. Mutambo waG. unowanikwa nekutsvedza rutivi rwekunze rwembambo phalanx yechigunwe kana chetatu chigunwe (kazhinji cheruoko rwerudyi) uchitevedza makiyi machena kana matema. Mukugadzirwa kwezviridzwa zvekhibhodi G. inotanga kuwanikwa muchiFrench. munyori JB Moreau muunganidzwa wake. "Bhuku rekutanga rezvidimbu zve harpsichord" ("Premier livre pièces de clavecin", 3). Special tech. matambudziko anoratidzwa nekuitwa pafp. G. yezvikero-sekutevedzana kwemanotsi maviri (chetatu, matanhatu, octaves) neruoko rumwe (nenzvimbo yaro yakasimba), zvinoda kutsvedza panguva imwe chete yeminwe miviri pamakiyi (rudzi urwu rweG. runoitwawo nemaoko maviri) .

G. inoitwa zviri nyore papiyano. madhizaini ekare ane akanyanya kuchinjika, anonzi. Viennese mechanics. Zvichida ndosaka G. muparallel yechitanhatu yakanga yatoshandiswa neWA ​​Mozart (misiyano ye "Lison dormant"). Zviyero zveOctave zvinowanikwa muL. Beethoven (Concerto muC Major, Sonata op. 53), KM Weber ("Concertpiece", op. 79), G. muzvitatu uye quarts muM. Ravel ("Mirrors") nevamwe.

Kana pazviridzwa zvekhibhodi zvine maitiro avo ane tempered system, nerubatsiro rweG., chiyero chine imwe pitch chinotorwa, ipapo pazviridzwa zvakakotamiswa, izvo zvakasununguka hurongwa, kuburikidza neG., chromatic inotorwa. kutevedzana kwemanzwi, nekuputika, kunyatsoita semitones hakudiwi (unyanzvi hweminwe haifaniri kusanganiswa ne g. Pazviridzwa zvakakotamiswa - kushanda kwechromatic scale nekutsvedza munwe). Naizvozvo, kukosha kweg. pakuridza zviridzwa zvakakotamiswa Ch. arr. mu coloristic effect. Kuita kwaG. kwedzimwe ndima pazviridzwa zvakakotamiswa, kunze kwechromatic. chiyero, chinogoneka chete kana uchitamba neharmonics. Mumwe wemienzaniso yekutanga yeG. pazviridzwa zvakakotamiswa uri muchiItalian. munyori K. Farina (mu "An Extraordinary Capriccio", "Capriccio stravagante", 1627, ye skr. solo), achishandisa G. sechisikigo. kugamuchira inzwi. Muchinyakare G. haisati yambowanikwa mumimhanzi yezviridzwa zvakakotamiswa (kasi kashoma keG. achikwira chromatic sequence nemaoctave mukodhi yechikamu chekutanga chekonsati yaA. Dvorak). Senzira yekutamba kwakanaka, guerilla yaishandiswa zvakanyanya mumabasa akanyorwa neveRomantic violinists uye cellists. mirayiridzo (G. Venyavsky, A. Vyotan, P. Sarasate, F. Servais, nevamwe). G. inoshandiswa zvakanyanya zvakasiyana-siyana setimbre coloring mumimhanzi. zvinyorwa 1th century yezviridzwa zvakakotama uye semugadziri wemavara. reception in orchestration (SS Prokofiev - Scherzo kubva ku20st concerto ye violin; K. Shimanovsky - concertos uye zvimedu zve violin; M. Ravel - Rhapsody "Gypsy" yeviolin; Z. Kodaly - G. chords mu sonata ye solo, G. .maviolin nemabhesi maviri mu“Spanish Rhapsody” naRavel). Mumwe wemienzaniso yakasarudzika yeG. vlch. iri muchikamu chechipiri chesonata yeVC. uye fp. DD Shostakovich. Imwe nzira yakakosha ndeye G. flageolets, semuenzaniso. cellos naNA Rimsky-Korsakov ("The Night Before Christmas"), VV Shcherbachev (1nd symphony), Ravel ("Daphnis naChloe"), violas uye vakuru. MO Steinberg (“Metamorphoses”) nevamwe.

G. inyanzvi yakapararira mukuridza rudimbwa, payaishandiswa zvakanyanya (mumabasa evanyori vehafu yekutanga yezana ramakore rekutanga, izwi rekuItaly sdrucciolando raiwanzoshandiswa). Apfic G. inowanzovakirwa pamaruzha echinomwe chords (kusanganisira dzakadzikira; zvishoma kazhinji pamanzwi easiri-chords). Paunenge uchiridza G., tambo dzose dzembira, nerubatsiro rwekugadzirisa zvakare otd. manzwi, anopa ruzha rwezvinyorwa zviya chete zvinosanganisirwa mumutauro wakapihwa. Nekufamba kwakadzika, G. parudimbwa inoitwa nemunwe wekutanga wakakotama zvishoma, nekukwira - nechechipiri (ruoko rumwe kana maviri mukutenderera, kutsauka uye kuyambuka kufamba kwemaoko). G. inombo shandiswa pane gamma-sekutevedzana.

G. inoshandiswa pakuridza midzimu yemhangura. zviridzwa - pane trombone nerubatsiro rwekumashure kufamba (somuenzaniso, trombone solo mu "Pulcinella" by IF Stravinsky), hwamanda, pazviridzwa zvinoridzwa (somuenzaniso, G. pedal timpani mu "Mimhanzi yezviridzwa zvakakotamiswa, percussion uye celesta” B. Bartok).

G. inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mufolk instr. hung. (Verbunkosh maitiro), rum. uye mold. mimhanzi, pamwe nejazz. Mumumhanzi waG., manzwi ekutanga uye ekupedzisira chete endima ndiwo anowanzo kutorwa mashoko, manzwi epakati anotsiviwa nedash kana kuti wavy line.