Rondo |

ital. rondo, French rondeau, kubva rond - denderedzwa

Imwe yemhando dzakapararira dzemimhanzi dzakapfuura nzira refu yekuvandudzwa kwenhoroondo. Inobva pamusimboti wekuchinjanisa iyo huru, isingachinji dingindira - iyo refrain uye inogara yakagadziridzwa zvikamu. Izwi rekuti "rega" rinofanana nezwi rekuti korasi. Rwiyo rwemhando yekorasi-chorus, mune zvinyorwa zvinogara zvichigadziridzwa korasi inofananidzwa nekorasi yakagadzikana, ndeimwe yezvinyorwa zveR fomu. Iyi general scheme inoshandiswa zvakasiyana munguva imwe neimwe.

Munguva yekare, ndeye preclassic. Munguva yeR. samples, zvikamu, sekutonga, hazvina kumiririra misoro mitsva, asi yakavakirwa pamimhanzi. refrain material. Naizvozvo, R. panguva iyoyo yakanga yakasviba. In decomp. zvitayera netsika dzemunyika dzaive netsika dzadzo dzekuenzanisa nekubatanidza otd. zvikamu R.

Franz. maharpsichordists (F. Couperin, J.-F. Rameau, nevamwe) vakanyora zvidimbu zvidiki muchimiro cheR. zvine mazita echirongwa ( The Cuckoo by Daquin, The Reapers by Couperin). Dingindira rekuramba, rataurwa pakutanga, rakadhindwazve mavari mukiyi imwechete uye pasina shanduko. Zvikamu zvainzwika pakati pekuita kwayo zvainzi "ndima". Nhamba yavo yakanga yakasiyana zvikuru - kubva kune mbiri ("Grape Pickers" naCouperin) kusvika kune mapfumbamwe ("Passacaglia" nemunyori mumwe chete). Muchimiro, kuzvidzora kwaive nguva yakaenzana yekudzokororwa chimiro (dzimwe nguva inodzokororwa yakazara mushure mekuita kwekutanga). Iwo mabhatani akataurwa mumakiyi ekutanga dhigirii reukama (iyo yekupedzisira dzimwe nguva mukiyi huru) uye yaive nepakati hunhu hwekusimudzira. Dzimwe nguva ivo vairatidzawo madingindira ekuramba mune isiri-principal kiyi ("Iyo Cuckoo" naDaken). Mune zvimwe zviitiko, mitsva mitsva yakamuka mu couplets, iyo, zvisinei, haina kuumba yakazvimirira. avo ("Mudiwa" Couperin). Saizi yema couplets inogona kunge isina kugadzikana. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, yakawedzera zvishoma nezvishoma, iyo yakabatanidzwa nekuvandudzwa kweimwe yemashoko. zvinoreva, kazhinji rhythm. Nokudaro, kusakanganiswa, kugadzikana, kugadzikana kwemimhanzi yakaratidzwa mukudzivisa kwakagadziriswa nekufamba, kusagadzikana kwevakaroorana.

Pedyo nekududzirwa uku kwechimiro vashoma. rondo JS Bach (semuenzaniso, mune yechipiri suite yeorchestra).

Mune mamwe masampuli R. ital. vanyori, semuenzaniso. G. Sammartini, refrain yakaitwa mumakiyi akasiyana. Iwo marondo eFE Bach akabatana nemhando imwechete. Kuonekwa kwematoni ari kure, uye dzimwe nguva kunyange madingindira matsva, dzimwe nguva aisanganiswa mavari nechitarisiko chekusiyanisa kwekufananidzira kunyange panguva yekuvandudzwa kweiyo huru. Topics; nekuda kweizvi, R. akaenda kupfuura tsika dzekare dzechimiro ichi.

Mumabasa eViennese classics (J. Haydn, WA ​​Mozart, L. Beethoven), R., semamwe mafomu anobva pane homophonic harmonic. kufunga kwemimhanzi, inowana chimiro chakajeka, chakanyatso kurairwa. R. vane chimiro chechimiro chekupedzisira kwe sonata-symphony. kutenderera uye kunze kwayo sekuzvimiririra. chidimbu chacho hachiwanzoitiki (WA ​​Mozart, Rondo a-moll yepiyano, K.-V. 511). Hunhu huzhinji hwemimhanzi yaR. hwakatemerwa nemitemo yekutenderera, magumo ayo akanyorwa pamwero unofadza panguva iyoyo uye akabatana nemimhanzi yeNar. rwiyo uye kutamba hunhu. Izvi zvinobata thematic R. Viennese classics uye panguva imwe chete. inotsanangura hunyanzvi hwekugadzira - thematic. musiyano pakati pekudzivisa uye zvikamu, nhamba yacho inova shoma (mbiri, kashoma katatu). Kuderera kwenhamba yezvikamu zverwizi kunobhadharwa nekuwedzera kwehurefu hwavo uye nzvimbo huru yemukati. development. Kune iyo refrain, yakapusa 2- kana 3-chikamu fomu inova yakajairika. Kana ichidzokororwa, kuzvidzora kunoitwa mukiyi imwechete, asi kazhinji kunoenderana nekusiyana; panguva imwecheteyo, chimiro chayo chinogonawo kuderedzwa kusvika kunguva.

Maitiro matsva anotangwa zvakare mukuvaka uye kuiswa kwezvikamu. Dhigirii yezvikamu zvakasiyana kune refrain inowedzera. Chiitiko chekutanga, chinokwevera kune chinotonga tonality, chiri pedyo nepakati pechimiro chakareruka maererano nechiyero chekusiyanisa, kunyange zvazvo kazhinji zvakanyorwa nenzira yakajeka - nguva, nyore 2- kana 3-chikamu. Chiitiko chechipiri, chinokwevera kune eponymous kana subdominant tonality, iri padyo mukusiyana kune vatatu veakaomesesa 3-chikamu chimiro neyakajeka yekuumbwa kwayo. Pakati pekudzivisa uye zvikamu, sekutonga, kune zvivakwa zvekubatanidza, chinangwa chekuona kuenderera mberi kwemamusi. development. Chete muNek-ry shanduko yenguva dzesheef inogona kunge isipo - kazhinji chikamu chechipiri chisati chasvika. Izvi zvinosimbisa kusimba kwemhedzisiro inokonzeresa uye inoenderana neyakaumbwa maitiro, maererano neiyo nyowani yekusiyanisa zvinhu inounzwa zvakananga. kuenzanisa, uye kudzokera kuzvinhu zvekutanga kunoitwa mukugadzirisa kwekuchinja kwakanaka. Naizvozvo, hukama pakati pechikamu uye refrain zvinenge zvinosungirwa.

Mukubatanidza zvivakwa, sekutonga, thematic inoshandiswa. refrain kana episode zvinhu. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, kunyanya kusati kwadzoka kudzoka kwechirambidzo, chinongedzo chinopera nechirevo chekutonga, zvichigadzira kunzwa kwekutarisira kwakanyanya. Pamusana peizvi, kuonekwa kwekudzivisa kunoonekwa sechinhu chinodiwa, izvo zvinobatsira kupurasitiki uye organicity yefomu yose, kufamba kwayo kutenderera. The r. inowanzopfekedzwa korona nekodha yakawedzerwa. Kukosha kwayo kunokonzerwa nezvikonzero zviviri. Yekutanga ine hukama nemukati maR.'s pachake kukura-kuviri kuenzanisa kuenzanisa kunoda generalization. Nokudaro, muchikamu chekupedzisira, zvinokwanisika, sezviri, kufamba neinertia, iyo inowira pasi kune kuchinjwa kwekodhi refrain uye chikamu chekodhi. Chimwe chezviratidzo zvekodhi iri muR. - iyo inonzi. "farewell roll calls" - nhaurirano dzekutaura dzemarejista maviri akanyanyisa. Chikonzero chechipiri ndechekuti R. ndiwo magumo ekutenderera, uye R.'s coda inopedzisa kuvandudzwa kwedenderedzwa rose.

R. yenguva yepashure-Beethoven inoratidzirwa nemaitiro matsva. Ichiri kushandiswa sechimiro chekupedzisira kwesonata cycle, R. inowanzoshandiswa sechimiro chakazvimirira. mitambo. Mune basa raR. Schumann, yakasiyana-siyana yakasiyana-siyana ye-multi-dark R. inoratidzika ("kaleidoscopic R." - maererano neGL Catuar), umo basa remarunda rinonyanya kuderedzwa - vanogona kunge vasipo zvachose. Muchiitiko ichi (somuenzaniso, muchikamu chekutanga cheVienna Carnival), chimiro chemutambo chinoswedera kune sutu yezviduku zvinodikanwa naSchumann, zvakabatanidzwa pamwe chete nekuita kwekutanga kwavo. Schumann nevamwe vatenzi vezana remakore rechi1. R.'s yekugadzira uye tonal zvirongwa zvinove zvakasununguka. The refrain inogonawo kuitwa kwete mukiyi huru; chimwe chezviito zvake chinoitika kuti chisunungurwe, apo zvikamu zviviri zvinongoteverana; nhamba yezvikamu haisi shoma; panogona kuva nezvakawanda.

R.'s fomu inopindawo muwoki. mhando - opera aria (Farlaf's rondo kubva ku opera "Ruslan naLyudmila"), rudo ("The Sleeping Princess" naBorodin). Kazhinji kazhinji maopera ese anomiririrawo chimiro chakaita serondo (kutanga kwechina chiitiko cheOpera Sadko naRimsky-Korsakov). Muzana remakore rechi4 chimiro chakafanana nerondo chinowanikwawo mune otd. zvikamu zvemimhanzi ye ballet (somuenzaniso, muchiitiko chechina cheStravinsky's Petrushka).

Nheyo iri pasi peR. inogona kugashira yakasununguka uye inoshanduka refraction munzira dzakawanda. rondo-shaped. Pakati pavo pane kaviri 3-chikamu fomu. Iko kusimukira muhupamhi hwechimiro chakareruka 3-chikamu chine chirikurikira kana chinosiyanisa pakati. Chinhu chayo chiri mukuti mushure mekupedzwa kwekudzokorora, kune imwe - yechipiri - yepakati uyezve yechipiri kudzokorora. Zvinhu zvepakati pechipiri ndechimwe kana chimwe chakasiyana chekutanga, chinogona kuitwa mune imwe kiyi, kana nechimwe chisikwa. shanduko. Pakati ichiri kusimukira, mukuita kwayo kwechipiri, nzira itsva dzechinangwa-thematic dzinogonawo kusimuka. dzidzo. Nekusiyanisa, zvisikwa zvinogoneka. thematic shanduko (F. Chopin, Nocturne Des-dur, op. 27 No 2). Iyo fomu seyose inogona kuve pasi peiyo imwe yekupedzisira-kusvika-kumagumo variational-dynamizing musimboti webudiriro, nekuda kwekuti zvese zviri zviviri reprises huru. madingindira anogonawo kuchinja zvakanyanya. Sumo yakafanana yechitatu yepakati uye yechitatu kudzokorora inogadzira katatu-chikamu fomu. Aya mafomu akaita serondo aishandiswa zvakanyanya naF. Liszt mufi yake. mitambo (muenzaniso wekaviri 3-chikamu ndiPetrarch's Sonnet No. 3, katatu ndiyo Campanella). Mafomu ane refrain zvakare ndeemhando dzakaita rondo. Kusiyana nenormative r., kuzvidzora uye kudzokorora kwayo kunogadzira kunyange zvikamu mazviri, maererano nazvo izvo zvinonzi "kunyange rondos". Chirongwa chavo ndeche ab na b uye b, apo b inoramba. Aya ndiwo magadzirirwo akareruka 123-chikamu fomu ine korasi (F. Chopin, Seventh Waltz), yakaoma 3-chikamu fomu ine korasi (WA ​​Mozart, Rondo alla turca kubva ku sonata ye piano A-dur, K. .-V. 3) . Rudzi urwu rwekorasi runogona kuitika mune chero imwe fomu.

References: Catuar G., Mumhanzi fomu, chikamu 2, M., 1936, p. 49; Sposobin I., Mumhanzi fomu, M.-L., 1947, 1972, p. 178-88; Skrebkov S., Kuongororwa kwemabasa emimhanzi, M., 1958, p. 124-40; Mazel L., Chimiro chemabasa emimhanzi, M., 1960, p. 229; Golovinsky G., Rondo, M., 1961, 1963; Mumhanzi Form, ed. Yu. Tyulina, M., 1965, p. 212-22; Bobrovsky V., Pamusoro pekusiyana kwemabasa emumhanzi fomu, M., 1970, p. 90-93. Onawo lit. paArt. Mumhanzi fomu.

VP Bobrovsky