Nikolay Nikolaevich Cherepnin (Nikolai Tcherepnin) |
Nikolai Tcherepnin
Kune nyika yese, mhenyu, yakasiyana-siyana, Mashiripiti manzwi uye zviroto zvemashiripiti ... F. Tyutchev
Musi waMay 19, 1909, Paris yose yemimhanzi yakarumbidza nemufaro ballet "Pavilion yeArmida", iyo yakazarura ballet yekutanga "Russian Season", yakarongwa neine tarenda propagandist yeRussia art S. Diaghilev. Vagadziri ve "Pavilion of Armida", iyo kwemakumi emakore akawanda yakawana nzvimbo pamitambo ye ballet yenyika, vaiva choreographer akakurumbira M. Fokin, muimbi A. Benois uye munyori uye mutungamiriri N. Cherepnin.
Mudzidzi waN. Rimsky-Korsakov, shamwari yepedyo yaA. Glazunov naA. Lyadov, nhengo yenharaunda inozivikanwa zvikuru "World of Art", muimbi akagamuchira kuremekedzwa kubva kune vakawanda venguva yake yakakurumbira, kusanganisira S. Rachmaninov, I. Stravinsky, S. Prokofiev, A. Pavlova, Z. Paliashvili, M. Balanchivadze, A. Spendnarov, S. Vasilenko, S. Koussevitzky, M. Ravel, G. Piernet. Sh. Monte nevamwe - Cherepnin akapinda munhoroondo yemimhanzi yeRussia yezana remakore rechiXNUMX. rimwe remapeji akajeka semunyori, kondakita, piano, mudzidzisi.
Cherepnin akaberekerwa mumhuri yechiremba anozivikanwa zvikuru weSt. Petersburg, chiremba wega F. Dostoevsky. Mhuri yeCherepnin yaisiyaniswa nehupamhi hwehunyanzvi hwekuita: baba vemunyori vaiziva, semuenzaniso, M. Mussorgsky uye A. Serov. Tcherepnin akapedza kudzidza kubva kuSt. Petersburg University (Faculty of Law) uye St. Petersburg Conservatory (kirasi yekunyora N. Rimsky-Korsakov). Kusvika 1921, akatungamira hupenyu hunoshanda hwekusika semunyori uye kondakita ("Russian Symphony Concertos", makonti eRussia Musical Society, makonzati ezhizha muPavlovsk, "Historical Concerts" muMoscow; conductor weMariinsky Theatre muSt. Opera House muTiflis, muna 1909- 14 makore conductor we "Russian Seasons" muParis, London, Monte Carlo, Rome, Berlin). Mupiro waTcherepnin pakudzidzisa zvemimhanzi wakakura. Ari muna 190518. mudzidzisi (kubvira 1909 purofesa) weSt. Petersburg Conservatory, akatanga kirasi yekutanga yekuitisa muRussia. Vadzidzi vake - S. Prokofiev, N. Malko, Yu. Shaporin, V. Dranishnikov uye nhamba yevamwe vaimbi vakakurumbira - mazwi akazvitsaurira erudo uye kuvonga kwaari muzvinyorwa zvavo.
Masevhisi aTcherepnin kuGeorgian mimhanzi tsika zvakare akakura (muna 1918-21 aive mutungamiriri weTiflis Conservatory, aiita senge symphony uye opera conductor).
Kubvira muna 1921, Cherepnin aigara muParis, akatanga Conservatory yeRussia ikoko, akashanda pamwe nenhandare yeballet yaA. Pavlova, uye akafamba somuperekedzi munyika dzakawanda dzepasi. Nzira yekugadzira yaN. Tcherepnin yakagara inopfuura hafu yezana remakore uye yakaratidzwa nekusikwa kweanopfuura makumi matanhatu ezvinyorwa zvemimhanzi, kugadzirisa uye kugadziriswa kwemabasa nevamwe vanyori. Mune nhaka yekusika yemunyori, inomiririrwa nemhando dzose dzemimhanzi, kune mabasa umo tsika dzeThe Mighty Handful naP. Tchaikovsky dzinopfuurira; asi kune (uye mazhinji acho) mabasa ari padhuze neayo matsva ehunyanzvi maitiro ezana ramakore rechi 60, kunyanya kune impressionism. Iwo epakutanga uye ishoko idzva remumhanzi weRussia wenguva iyoyo.
Nzvimbo yekugadzira yeTcherepnin ine 16 ballets. Akanyanya kunaka pavari - Iyo Pavilion yeArmida (1907), Narcissus uye Echo (1911), Iyo Mask yeRufu Rufu (1915) - yakasikirwa Mwaka weRussia. Chinokosha pahunyanzvi hwekutanga kwezana ramakore, dingindira rerudo rekupokana pakati pezviroto uye chokwadi rinowanikwa mumabhareti aya ane hunyanzvi hunoita kuti mumhanzi waTcherepnin uswedere pedyo nependi yevaFrench impressionists C. Monet, O. Renoir, A. .Sisley, uye kubva kuRussia artists vane mifananidzo nemumwe wevanonyanya "mimhanzi" venguva iyoyo V. Borisov-Musatov. Mamwe emabasa aTcherepnin akanyorwa pamisoro yengano dzechiRussia (nhetembo dze symphonic "Marya Morevna", "Tale of the Princess Smile", "The Enchanted Bird, the Golden Fish").
Pakati pemabasa e orchestra naTcherepnin (2 symphonies, Symphonietta mukuyeuka N. Rimsky-Korsakov, symphonic detembo "Fate" (pashure peE. Poe), Kusiyana pamusoro pedingindira rerwiyo rwemusoja "Nightingale, nightingale, shiri duku", Concerto ye piyano uye orchestra, nezvimwewo) inonyanya kunakidza mabasa ake epurogiramu: nhanganyaya yesymphonic "The Princess of Dreams" (pashure paE. Rostand), nhetembo yesymphonic "Macbeth" (pashure paW. Shakespeare), mufananidzo we symphonic "The Enchanted Humambo” (kungano yeFirebird), fungidziro inoshamisa “Kubva kumucheto kusvika kumucheto ”(maererano nechinyorwa chehuzivi chezita rimwe chete naF. Tyutchev),“ The Tale of the Fisherman and the Hove ”(maererano naA. Pushkin).
Yakanyorwa kunze kwenyika kuma30s. the operas The Matchmaker (yakabva paA. Ostrovsky's play Poverty Is Not A Vice) uye Vanka the Key Keeper (zvichibva pamutambo wezita rimwechete naF. Sologub) muenzaniso unonakidza wekuisa maitiro akaoma ekunyora mimhanzi mumhando. yefolk song opera yechinyakare yeRussia mimhanzi XX mukati.
Cherepnin akawana zvakawanda mumhando ye cantata-oratorio ("Rwiyo rweSappho" uye akati wandei emabasa emweya cappella, kusanganisira "Mhandara's Passage kuburikidza neKutambudzwa" kune zvinyorwa zvenhetembo dzemweya, nezvimwewo) uye mumhando dzekwaya ("Night ” paSt. V. Yuryeva-Drentelna, “The Old Song” pachiteshi cheA. Koltsov, kwaya pachiteshi chedetembi vePeople's Will I. Palmina (“Musacheme pamusoro pezvitunha zvevarwi vakawa”) uye I. Nikitin ("Nguva inofamba zvishoma nezvishoma"). Cherepnin's vocal lyrics (kupfuura 100 romances) anovhara nyaya dzakasiyana-siyana uye mazano - kubva mumashoko efilosofi ("Izwi reTrumpet" pachiteshi cheD. Merezhkovsky, "Mifungo neMafungu" pa. F. Tyutchev's station) kusvika kumifananidzo yezvisikwa ("Twilight" paF. Tyutchev), kubva pakugadzirisa kwakanatswa kwenziyo dzeRussia ("Wreath to Gorodetsky") kusvika kungano ("Fairy Tales" naK. Balmont).
Pakati pemamwe mabasa eCherepnin, munhu anofanira kutaura piano yake inoshamisa "ABC muMifananidzo" ine mifananidzo yaA. Benois, String Quartet, quartets yenyanga ina uye mamwe ensembles emhando dzakasiyana-siyana. Cherepnin ndiyewo munyori wezvirongwa uye zvinyorwa zvemabasa akawanda emimhanzi yeRussia (Melnik the Sorcerer, Deceiver uye Matchmaker naM. Sokolovsky, Sorochinsky Fair naM. Mussorgsky, nezvimwewo).
Kwemakumi emakore akawanda, zita raTcherepnin harina kuoneka pamitambo yemitambo uye konzati, uye mabasa ake haana kubudiswa. Mune izvi akagovana magumo evazhinji veRussia vaimbi vakapedzisira vaenda kunze kwenyika mushure mekumukira. Iye zvino basa remunyori pakupedzisira rakatora nzvimbo yaro yakakodzera munhoroondo yetsika dzemimhanzi yeRussia; akati wandei symphonic zvibodzwa uye bhuku rememoirs ake rakabudiswa, iyo Sonatina op. 61 yemhepo, kurira uye xylophone, nyanzvi yaN. Tcherepnin naM. Fokine, bhareti "Pavilion yeArmida" yakamirira kumutsidzirwa kwayo.
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