Charles Ives |

Charles Ives

Zvichida, kana vaimbi vekutanga XX remakore. uye manheru eHondo Yenyika Yekutanga, vakadzidza kuti munyori C. Ives anogara muAmerica uye akanzwa mabasa ake, vangadai vakavabata semhando yekuedza, chido chekuda kuziva, kana kuti vangadai vasina kumbocherechedza zvachose: iye iye nevhu raakamera pariri. Asi ipapo hapana aiziva Ives - kwenguva refu kwazvo haana chaakaita zvachose kusimudzira mimhanzi yake. Ives '"kuwanikwa" kwakaitika chete pakupera kwe30s, apo zvakazoitika kuti dzakawanda (uye, zvakare, dzakasiyana kwazvo) nzira dzechinyorwa chitsva chemimhanzi dzakanga dzatoedzwa nemunyori wepakutanga weAmerica munguva yaA. Scriabin, C. Debussy naG. Mahler. Panguva iyo Ives paakava nemukurumbira, akanga asina kunyora mimhanzi kwemakore akawanda uye, achirwara zvakanyanya, akagura kuonana nenyika dzekunze. "Njodzi yeAmerica" ​​yakadana kuguma kwaIves mumwe wevenguva yake. Ives akaberekerwa mumhuri yemutungamiriri wemauto. Baba vake vakanga vari muongorori asinganeti - hunhu uhwu hwakapfuudzwa kumwanakomana wake, (Somuenzaniso, akarayira maokhestra maviri achienda kune mumwe kune mumwe kunotamba mabasa akasiyana.) "Kuzaruka" kwebasa rake, iro rakatora, zvichida, zvose zvakanzwika kumativi ose. Mudzakawanda dzenziyo dzake, maungira enziyo dzechitendero chePuritan, jazz, minstrel theatre ruzha. Semwana, Charles akarererwa pamimhanzi yevanyori vaviri - JS Bach naS. Foster (shamwari yababa vaIves, "bard" yeAmerica, munyori wenziyo dzakakurumbira uye mabharadhi). Yakakomba, mutorwa kune chero maitiro asina maturo kumimhanzi, chimiro chepamusoro chepfungwa nemanzwiro, Ives anozofanana neBach.

Ives akanyora mabasa ake ekutanga ebhendi remauto (airidza zviridzwa zvinoridzwa mariri), pazera ramakore gumi nemana akazova muimbi wechechi mutaundi rokumusha kwake. Asi zvakare akaridza piyano munhandare, achivandudza ragtime nezvimwe zvidimbu. Mushure mokunge apedza kudzidza kubva kuYunivhesiti yeYale (14-1894), kwaakadzidza naX. Parker (kuumbwa) uye D. Buck (nhengo), Ives anoshanda sesangano rechechi muNew York. Ipapo kwemakore akawanda akashanda semabharani mukambani yeinishuwarenzi uye akazviita nechido chikuru. Zvadaro, mumakore ekuma1898, achibva kumimhanzi, Ives akava muzvinabhizimisi akabudirira uye nyanzvi yakakurumbira (munyori wemabasa anozivikanwa) painishuwarenzi. Mazhinji emabasa aIves ndeemhando dzemumhanzi weorchestral nechamber. Iye ndiye munyori wenziyo shanu dzesymphonies, overtures, chirongwa chinoshandira orchestra (Misha mitatu muNew England, Central Park muRima), maviri tambo quartets, shanu sonatas yeviolin, mbiri pianoforte, zvidimbu zveogani, kwaya uye anopfuura zana. nziyo. Ives akanyora akawanda emabasa ake makuru kwenguva yakareba, kwemakore akati wandei. MuPiano Yechipiri Sonata (20-100), munyori akapa mutero kune vakamutangira pakunamata. Chimwe nechimwe chezvikamu zvaro chinoratidza mufananidzo wemumwe wevazivi veAmerica: R. Emerson, N. Hawthorne, G. Topo; iyo sonata yose ine zita renzvimbo yaigara vazivi ava (Concord, Massachusetts, 1911-15). Pfungwa dzavo dzakaumba hwaro hwemaonero enyika Ives (semuenzaniso, pfungwa yekubatanidza hupenyu hwemunhu nehupenyu hwezvakasikwa). Unyanzvi hwaIves hunoratidzwa nehunhu hwepamusoro, zvaakawana hazvina kumbobvira zvakarongeka, asi yaive kuyedza kwakakomba kuburitsa zvakavanzika zvingave zviri muchimiro chaicho chenzwi.

Pamberi pevamwe vanyori, Ives akauya kune dzakawanda dzemazuva ano nzira dzekutaura. Kubva pakuedza kwababa vake nemaokestra akasiyana, kune nzira yakananga kune polytonality (kuridza panguva imwe chete yemakiyi akati wandei), kutenderedza, "stereoscopic" ruzha uye aleatorics (apo chinyorwa chemumhanzi chisina kurongeka, asi chinomuka kubva mukusanganiswa kwezvinhu nguva dzese. patsva, sekunge nemukana). Chirongwa chikuru chekupedzisira chaIves (chisina kupera che“Nyika” symphony) chaisanganisira kurongeka kwemaokestra nekwaya mumhepo yakashama, mumakomo, munzvimbo dzakasiyana muchadenga. Zvikamu zviviri zvesymphony (Music of the Earth and Music of the Sky) zvaifanira kurira ... panguva imwe chete, asi kaviri, kuitira kuti vateereri vagone kuisa pfungwa dzavo pane imwe neimwe. Mune mamwe mabasa, Ives akaswedera kune serial sangano reatonal music kare kupfuura A. Schoenberg.

Chido chekupinda mumatumbo echinhu chinonzwika chakatungamira Ives kune kota-toni system, isingazivikanwi zvachose kumimhanzi yekare. Anonyora Zvitatu zveToni Zvidimbu zvePianos mbiri (yakanyatsogadziriswa) uye chinyorwa "Quarter Tone Impressions".

Ives akapedza makore anopfuura makumi matatu kugadzira mimhanzi, uye muna 30 chete akaburitsa akati wandei mabasa nemari yake. Kwemakore makumi maviri ekupedzisira ehupenyu hwake, Ives akasiya basa kubva kune bhizinesi rose, iro rinofambiswa nekuwedzera upofu, chirwere chemoyo uye hurongwa hwekutya. Muna 1922, mukuremekedza zuva rekuzvarwa kwaIves '20th, koniti yejubheri yakarongwa muLos Angeles. Mimhanzi yake yakafarirwa zvikuru nevaimbi vakurusa vomuzana redu ramakore. I. Stravinsky akamboti: “Mumhanzi waIves wakandiudza zvinopfuura vanyori vemabhuku vanotsanangura American West …

K. Zenkin