Birgit Nilsson |

Birgit Nilsson

Birgit Nilsson muimbi weSwedish opera uye inoshamisa soprano. Mumwe wevaimbi veOpera vane mukurumbira muhafu yechipiri yezana ramakore rechi20. Akagamuchira kuzivikanwa kwakakosha semuturikiri akatanhamara wemimhanzi yaWagner. Pamusoro pebasa rake, Nilsson akafadzwa nesimba risingaite rezwi rake iro rakakurira orchestra, uye nekudzora kufema kunoshamisa, izvo zvakamubvumira kubata chinyorwa kwenguva yakareba zvinoshamisa. Pakati pevaaishanda navo aizivikanwa nekuseka kwake uye hunhu hwehutungamiriri.

Marta Birgit Nilsson akaberekwa muna Chivabvu 17, 1918 mumhuri yevarombo uye akapedza hudiki hwake hwese papurazi muguta reVestra Karup, mudunhu reSkane, makiromita zana kubva kuguta reMalmö. Papurazi pakanga pasina magetsi kana mvura yemupombi, sevana vese varimi, kubvira achiri mudiki akabatsira vabereki vake kufambisa imba - kudyara nekukohwa miriwo, mhou dzemukaka, kutarisira dzimwe mhuka uye kuita mabasa epamba anodiwa. Akanga ari ega mwana mumhuri, uye baba vaBirgit Nils Peter Swenson vaitarisira kuti aizova mutsivi wake mubasa iri. Birgit aifarira kuimba kubva paudiki uye, mumashoko ake pachake, akatanga kuimba asati agona kufamba, akagara nhaka tarenda rake kubva kuna amai vake Justina Paulson, uyo aiva nezwi rakanaka uye aiziva kutamba accordion. Pazuva rake rekuzvarwa, Birgit, mushandi wemaricho uye angangoita nhengo yemhuri yaOtto, akamupa piano yechitoyi, achiona kufarira kwake mumhanzi, baba vake vakakurumidza kumupa ogani. Vabereki vaidada netarenda remwanasikana wavo, uye aigara achiimba kumakonzati epamba kune vaenzi, mazororo emumusha uye kuchikoro chepuraimari. Paaive achiri kuyaruka, kubva pazera re100, airidza mukwaya yechechi uye muboka remitambo yemitambo mutaundi rakavakidzana reBastad. Kantor akakwevera ngwariro kumano ake ndokuratidza Birgit kumudzidzisi wekuimba nemimhanzi wetaundi reAstorp Ragnar Blenov, uyo akabva aziva mano ake ndokuti: “Musikana wechiduku uyu zvechokwadi achava muimbi mukuru.” Muna 14, akadzidza mimhanzi naye uye akamukurudzira kuti awedzere kukudziridza mano ake.

Muna 1941, Birgit Nilsson akapinda muRoyal Academy of Music muStockholm. Baba vakanga vachipesana nesarudzo iyi, vaitarisira kuti Birgit aizoenderera mberi nebasa rake uye akagara nhaka yehupfumi hwavo hwakasimba, akaramba kumubhadharira dzidzo. Mari yefundo yaipihwa naamai kubva mumari yavo. Zvinosuruvarisa, Justina haana kukwanisa kunyatsonakidzwa nekubudirira kwemwanasikana wake, muna 1949 akarohwa nemotokari, chiitiko ichi chakaparadza Birgit, asi chakasimbisa ukama hwavo nababa vake.

Muna 1945, vachiri kudzidza pachikoro, Birgit akasangana Bertil Niklason, mudzidzi wemhuka pakoreji, muchitima, vakabva vadanana uye nokukurumidza akamupfimba, muna 1948 vakaroorana. Birgit naBertil vakaramba vari pamwe chete kweupenyu hwavo hwose. Aipota achimuperekedza kune dzimwe nzendo dzokupota nyika, asi kakawanda aigara uye achishanda pamba. Bertil akanga asinganyanyi kufarira mimhanzi, zvisinei, aigara achitenda mune tarenda yemudzimai wake uye aitsigira Birgit mubasa rake, sezvaaitsigira basa rake. Birgit haana kumbodzidzira kumba nomurume wake: “Izvi zvikero zvisingaperi zvinogona kuparadza roorano zhinji, kana kuti dzinenge tsinga dzakawanda,” akadaro. Pamba, akawana rugare uye aigona kugoverana mirangariro yake naBertil, akaonga chokwadi chokuti aimubata semukadziwo zvake, uye haana kumboisa "guru opera diva" pachigadziko. Vakanga vasina vana.

PaRoyal Academy, vadzidzisi vezwi vaBirgit Nilsson vaive Joseph Hislop naArne Sanegard. Zvisinei, akazviona seanozvidzidzisa uye akati: “Mudzidzisi akanakisisa ndiro dariro. Akashoropodza dzidzo yake yepakutanga uye akati kubudirira kwake kune tarenda remusikirwo: "Mudzidzisi wangu wekutanga wekuimba akapotsa andiuraya, wechipiri akanga akaipa."

Kutanga kwaBirgit Nilsson panhandare yeopera kwakaitika kuRoyal Opera House muStockholm muna 1946, munzvimbo yaAgatha muKM Weber's "Free Shooter", akakokwa mazuva matatu mutambo usati waitwa kuti utsive mutambi anorwara. Conductor Leo Blech akanga asingagutsikane zvikuru nekuita kwake, uye kwenguva yakati akanga asina kuvimbwa nemamwe mabasa. Gore rakatevera (1947) akabudirira kupasa ongororo, panguva ino pakanga paine nguva yakakwana, akagadzirira zvakakwana uye zvine hungwaru akaita chinzvimbo chezita muVerdi's Lady Macbeth pasi pebaton yaFritz Busch. Akahwina kuzivikanwa kwevateereri veSweden uye akawana mukana muboka remitambo. MuStockholm, akagadzira repertoire yakagadzikana yemitambo-inoshamisira, kusanganisira Donna Anna anobva kuMozart's Don Giovanni, Verdi's Aida, Puccini's Tosca, Sieglind kubva kuWagner's Valkyrie, Marshall kubva kuStrauss's The Rosenkavalier nevamwe, vachivaita muchiSwedish. mutauro.

Basa rakakosha mukusimudzira basa repasi rose raBirgit Nilsson rakaridzwa naFritz Busch, uyo akamuratidza paGlyndebourne Opera Festival muna 1951 saElektra anobva kuMozart's Idomeneo, Mambo weCrete. Muna 1953, Nilsson akaita dhipatimendi rake kuVienna State Opera - yaive shanduko yebasa rake, aigara achiita ikoko kwemakore anopfuura 25. Izvi zvakateverwa nemabasa aElsa weBrabant muWagner's Lohengrin paBayreuth Festival uye yake yekutanga Brunnhilde mukutenderera kuzere kweDer Ring des Nibelungen kuBavarian State Opera. Muna 1957, akaita debut yake kuCovent Garden mune imwechete basa.

Chimwe chezviitiko zvikuru muhupenyu hwekusika kwaBirgit Nilsson anofunga kukokwa kwekuvhurwa kwemwaka we opera paLa Scala muna 1958, mubasa raPrincess Turandot G. Puccini, panguva iyoyo akanga ari muimbi wechipiri asiri weItaly. nhoroondo mushure meMaria Callas, uyo akapihwa mukana wekuvhura mwaka kuLa Scala. Muna 1959, Nilsson akaita kuoneka kwake kekutanga kuMetropolitan Opera saIsolde muWagner's Tristan und Isolde, uye akatsiva soprano yekuNorway Kirsten Flagstad muWagner's repertoire.

Birgit Nilsson ndiye aitungamira Wagnerian soprano wemazuva ake. Zvisinei, akaitawo mamwe mabasa akawanda anozivikanwa, pamwe chete repertoire yake inosanganisira zvinopfuura 25 mabasa. Akaita mune dzinenge dzimba huru dzeOpera munyika, kusanganisira Moscow, Vienna, Berlin, London, New York, Paris, Milan, Chicago, Tokyo, Hamburg, Munich, Florence, Buenos Aires nevamwe. Kufanana nevaimbi vese veOpera, kuwedzera kumitambo yemitambo, Birgit Nilsson akapa makonzati ega. Imwe yemitambo yakakurumbira yekonzati yaBirgit Nilsson yaive konzati neSydney Symphony Orchestra yakaitwa naCharles Mackers nechirongwa "All Wagner". Iyi yaive yekutanga konzati yekuvhura zviri pamutemo yeSydney Opera House Concert Hall muna 1973 pamberi paMambokadzi Elizabeth II.

Basa raBirgit Nilsson rakanga rakareba, akaita pasi rose kwemakore anoda kusvika makumi mana. Muna 1982, Birgit Nilsson akaita kutaridzika kwake kwekupedzisira panhandare yeopera muFrankfurt am Main saElektra. Kuonekana kwakanaka kunhandare kwakarongwa ne opera "Mukadzi Asina Mumvuri" naR. Strauss paVienna State Opera, zvisinei, Birgit akadzima basa racho. Saka, kuita muFrankfurt ndiko kwaive kwekupedzisira panhandare yeopera. Muna 1984, akaita rwendo rwake rwekupedzisira kuGermany uye pakupedzisira akasiya mimhanzi huru. Birgit Nilsson akadzokera kunyika yake uye akaramba achiita makonzati erudo, aisanganisira vaimbi vechidiki, kusangano remimhanzi reko, iro rakatanga muna 1955 uye rakazivikanwa nevakawanda vanoda opera. Akabata konzati yake yekupedzisira semuraidzi muna 2001.

Birgit Nilsson akararama hupenyu hurefu uye hune zviitiko. Akashaya murunyararo kumba kwavo musi wa25 Zvita 2005, ava nemakore makumi masere nemanomwe.

Kukodzera kwaBirgit Nilsson kunotendwa nemibairo yakawanda yenyika uye yeruzhinji kubva kunyika dzakasiyana siyana, kusanganisira Sweden, Denmark, France, Germany, Austria, Norway, USA, England, Spain nedzimwe. Akanga ari nhengo inoremekedzwa yezvikoro zvakawanda zvemimhanzi uye nzanga. Sweden iri kuronga kuburitsa 2014-krona banknote mu500 ine mufananidzo waBirgit Nilsson.

Birgit Nilsson akaronga homwe yekutsigira vaimbi vechidiki vekuSweden vane tarenda uye akavatemera bhezari kubva kuhomwe iyi. Yekutanga bhezari yakapihwa muna 1973 uye inoramba ichibhadharwa nguva dzose kusvika zvino. Nheyo imwechete yakaronga "Birgit Nilsson Award", yakagadzirirwa munhu akawana, mupfungwa yakafara, chimwe chinhu chinoshamisa munyika ye opera. Mubairo uyu unopihwa makore maviri kusvika matatu ega ega, miriyoni yemadhora uye ndiwo mubairo mukuru pane zvemimhanzi. Sekuda kwaBirgit Nilsson, mubairo wakatanga kupihwa makore matatu mushure mekufa kwake, akasarudza muridzi wekutanga iye uye akazova Placido Domingo, muimbi mukuru uye mumwe wake mumutambo weopera, uyo akagamuchira mubairo muna 2 kubva. maoko aMambo Charles XVI weSweden. Wechipiri kugamuchira mubairo uyu muna 3 ndiconductor Riccardo Muti.