Kalimba: chii, chiridzwa kuumbwa, ruzha, nhoroondo, kutamba sei, kusarudza

Zviitiko zvakakosha muhupenyu hweAfrica, mazororo uye misangano yevatungamiriri vedzinza zvechokwadi zvaiperekedzwa nekunzwika kwembira. Zita racho rinoti “anotaura nenzwi remadzitateguru ake.” Mimhanzi inoridzwa nechiridzwa ichi inogona kunge yakasiyana zvakanyanya mukunzwika - kunyoro uye kunyaradza kana kuvhiringidza zvehondo. Nhasi, iyo kalimba haina kurasikirwa nekukosha kwayo, inoshandiswa sechiridzwa chevanhu, chinoshandiswa pamitambo yega uye yekuperekedza mu ensemble inzwi.

Device

Nyika yekwaKalimba ndiyo nyika yeAfrica. Vanhu veko vanozviona senyika, vanotsigira tsika dzemadzitateguru kuburikidza nekushandiswa mutsika. Yakashandurwa kubva mumutauro wemunharaunda, zita rechiridzwa rinoreva "mumhanzi mudiki". Chigadzirwa chacho hachina kuoma. Chigadziko chemapuranga chine gomba rakatenderera chinoshanda se resonator. Inogona kuva yakasimba kana mhango, yakagadzirwa nematanda, manhanga akaomeswa kana goko rekamba.

Pamusoro penyaya pane ndimi. Kare, dzaigadzirwa kubva mushenjere kana mamwe marudzi ehuni. Nhasi, chiridzwa chine tsanga dzesimbi chinonyanya kuwanda. Hapana nhamba yakajairwa yemahwendefa. Nhamba yavo inogona kusiyana kubva pa4 kusvika ku100. Ukuru uye urefu hwakasiyanawo. Ndimi dzakabatanidzwa kune sill. Chimiro chemuviri chinogona kuita rectangular kana square. Kune mafomu asina kujairika akagadzirwa nenzira yemhuka kana misoro yehove.

Ko kalimba inonzwika sei?

Chiridzwa chemumhanzi ndechemhuri yetsanga dzakatemwa. Inzwi rinoenderana nekugadzirwa, kukura kwemuviri, kureba uye nhamba yetsanga. Tuning yechiridzwa ndeye chromatic, ichikutendera iwe kuti utambe ese maviri manotsi uye chords.

Mahwendefa acho akafanana nemakiyi epiyano, ndosaka mbira ichinziwo "African hand piano". Inzwi rinoenderana nekukura kwetsanga, iyo yakakura, iyo yakaderera inzwi. Mahwendefa mapfupi ane ruzha rwepamusoro. Gamma inotangira pakati pane mahwendefa akareba. Mukuridza piyano kwakajairika, kukwirira kwemanotsi kunokwira kubva kuruboshwe kuenda kurudyi.

Kwemazana emakore ekuvapo, iyo kalimba haina kumbobvira yaita pesvedzero yeEuropean mimhanzi tsika, asi kune zvakare zviridzwa zvakagadziridzwa mune yakajairika tsika chiyero.

History

Mumiitiro yechitendero, vanhu vomuAfrica vaishandisa michina yakasiyana-siyana nemudziyo wakabvutwa kuti vabudise manzwi. Nokudaro, hazvibviri kuona mbira sechiridzwa chekare. Aya angori akasiyana evamwe vamiriri vakaonekwa uye vakanyangarika, kuzvarwa patsva uye shanduro dzakavandudzwa.

Kuumbwa kweAfrica neAmerica kwakakonzera kubuda kukuru kwevanhu vakatapwa kubva kunharaunda yekondinendi kuenda kumahombekombe eAntilles neCuba. Varanda vakanga vasingabvumirwi kutakura zvinhu zvavo zvomunhu oga, asi vatariri havana kuvatorera kalimba kaduku. Saka mbira dzakapararira, vaimbi vakachinja maumbirwo ayo, vakaedza zvinhu, saizi, uye maumbirwo. Marudzi matsva ezviridzwa zvakafanana akaonekwa: likembe, lala, sanza, ndandu.

Muna 1924, muongorori weAmerica wemimhanzi yemadzinza Hugh Tracy, panguva yerwendo kuenda kuAfrica, akasangana nekalimba inoshamisa, iyo inzwi rakamufadza. Gare gare, pakudzokera kunyika yake, achazarura fekitari yokugadzira zviridzwa zvechokwadi. Basa rehupenyu hwake raive kuchinjisa sisitimu yemimhanzi, yaisiyana neyakajairika yekuMadokero uye isingabvumire mimhanzi yeEurope kuti iridzwe muchimiro "do", "re", "mi" ... Achiedza, akagadzira anopfuura zana makopi. izvo zvakaita kuti zvikwanise kugadzira kuwirirana kwakanaka kwevanyori vane mukurumbira vane matauriro anoshamisa emuAfrica.

Hugh Tracy akatanga African Music Festival, iyo inoitika muGrahamstown, akagadzira raibhurari yepasi rose ine mabasa evanhu vekondinendi, yakagadzira makumi ezviuru zvezvinyorwa. Mhuri yake yemusangano ichiri kugadzira kalimbas nemaoko. Bhizinesi raTracy rinopfuuridzirwa nevanakomana vake.

Kalimb marudzi

Gadzira chiridzwa chemimhanzi muGermany neSouth America. Zvimiro, mhando dzakakamurwa kuita dzakasimba - iri nyore uye bhajeti sarudzo, uye isina gomo - inoshandiswa nenyanzvi. Kudhirowa kwakaringana kwemabass tones emimhanzi yemuAfrica inogoneka pamhando huru. Zvidiki zvinonzwika zvinoyevedza, zvinyoro, zviri pachena.

Mafekitari anozivikanwa zvikuru anogadzira lammelafons ndiwo mhando dzemuimbi weGerman P. Hokem uye femu yeH. Tracy. VaKalimbas veHokul vakapotsa varasikirwa nezita ravo rekutanga, zvino vava sansulas. Kusiyana kwavo naMalimba muround case. Iyo sansula inoita kunge metallophone yakaiswa padhiramu.

Kalimba Tracy ane tsika. Mukugadzira, vanoedza kutevedzera zviyero zvepakutanga, vachishandisa zvinhu zvakasikwa chete. Mutumbi we resonator wakagadzirwa nematanda anokura chete muAfrica. Naizvozvo, chiridzwa chinochengeta ruzha rwayo rwechokwadi.

Tool application

Kalimba inoramba iine tsika dzevanhu vekuSouth Africa, Cuba, Madagascar. Inoshandiswa pazviitiko zvose, panguva yemitambo yechitendero, pamazororo, mitambo. Mienzaniso miduku-duku inokwana nyore muhomwe, inotakurwa pamwe chete nayo uye inozvivaraidza ivo pachavo uye veruzhinji munzvimbo dzakasiyana. Kalimba isina resonator ndeimwe yemhando dzakawanda dze "homwe".

"Manual piano" inoshandiswa kuperekedza mu ensembles uye solo. Mapoka emarudzi anoshandisa mbira dzehunyanzvi nekugona kubatana nekombuta, amplifier. Kune kalimba kashanu-octave, hupamhi hwe "keyboard" iyo inenge yakafara sepiyano.

Kutamba kalimba

Mbiru inobatwa nemaoko maviri, zvigunwe zvinobatanidzwa mukubvisa inzwi. Dzimwe nguva anoiswa pamabvi ake, saka muiti anogona kushandisa zvigunwe neminwe. Calimbists vanoita nziyo nechivimbo kunyange pakufamba, dzimwe nguva sando yakakosha inoshandiswa kurova tsanga. Maitiro eMutambo haana kuoma sezvazvingaite. Munhu anonzwa anogona nyore kudzidza kuridza “piyano yeruoko”.

Nzira yekusarudza kalimba

Pakusarudza chiridzwa, munhu anofanirwa kufunga nezve ese ekunze aesthetic maonero uye kurira kwekugona. Zviri nani kuti muimbi mutsva asarudze kopi duku nebhokisi duku kana kuti yakasimba zvachose. Wadzidza kuiridza, unogona kuenda kune imwe huru, yakaoma chiridzwa.

Chiyero chinoenderana nehuwandu hwetsanga. Nokudaro, anotanga, kuti asarudze kalimba, anofanira kusarudza kana achizotamba mabasa akaoma kana kuti anoda kuridza mimhanzi yemweya, achiita nziyo dziri nyore. Anotanga achabatsirwa kuridza nyundo yakakosha, hazvizove zvakanyanyisa kutenga chidzidzo uye zvinonamira zvinonamira pandimi - ivo vanozobatsira kuti vasavhiringika mune zvinyorwa.