Ambroise Thomas |

Ambrose Thomas

Zita raTom raizivikanwa zvikuru kune venguva yake semunyori we opera Mignon, iyo yakatsungirira mitambo inodarika makumi matatu mukati memakore zana apfuura ehupenyu hwake, uye semuchengeti wetsika dzeParis Conservatory, uyo aida ramba uri munhu wekare munguva yehupenyu hwake.

Charles Louis Ambroise Thomas akaberekwa musi wa5 Nyamavhuvhu 1811 mudunhu reMetz, mumhuri yemimhanzi. Baba vake, mudzidzisi wemimhanzi ane mwero, akatanga kumudzidzisa kuridza piyano uye violin mangwanani-ngwanani, zvokuti pazera remakore mapfumbamwe mukomana wacho akanga atoonekwa semutambi akanaka pane zviridzwa izvi. Mushure mekufa kwababa vake, mhuri yakatamira kuguta guru, uye pazera remakore gumi nemanomwe Thomas akapinda muParis Conservatory, kwaakadzidza piyano uye kuumbwa naJF Lesueur. Kubudirira kwaTom kwaive kwakakura zvekuti aigara achihwina mibairo: muna 1829 - mupiyano, mune inotevera - mukuwirirana, uye, pakupedzisira, muna 1832 - mubairo wepamusoro-soro mukuumbwa, Mubairo Mukuru weRome, wakapa kodzero kune vatatu. -gore kugara muItaly. . Pano Thomas akadzidza opera yemazuva ano yeItaly uye panguva imwe chete, pasi pesimba remuimbi ane mukurumbira Ingres, akadanana nemimhanzi yaMozart naBeethoven.

Kudzokera kuParis muna 1836, munyori wacho akaita yekutanga comic opera gore rakatevera, ndokunyora mamwe masere akatevedzana. Rudzi urwu rwave rwukuru mubasa raTom. Kubudirira kwakaunzwa neasingaremekedzi-chiitiko opera Cadi (1849), parody yeRossini's Musikana wekuItaly muAlgiers, padhuze neoperetta, iyo yakazofadza Bizet nehungwaru, hudiki husingaperi uye hunyanzvi. Yakateverwa neA Midsummer Night's Dream naQueen Elizabeth, Shakespeare nevatambi vemimwe mitambo yake, asi kwete zvachose kubva kucomedy yakapa opera zita rayo. Muna 1851, Thomas akasarudzwa nhengo yeFrench Academy uye akava purofesa paParis Conservatory (pakati pevadzidzi vake - Massenet).

The heyday yebasa raTom inowira kuma1860s. Basa rinokosha mune izvi rakatambidzwa nekusarudzwa kwezvirongwa uye vakasununguka. Achitevedzera muenzaniso waGounod, akatendeukira kuna J. Barbier naM. Carré uye, achitevera Gounod's Faust (1859) zvichibva panhamo yaGoethe, akanyora Mignon yake (1866), zvichibva mubhuku raGoethe The Years of Wilhelm Meister's Teaching, uye mushure meGounod's. Romeo naJuliet (1867), Shakespeare's Hamlet (1868). Opera yekupedzisira yaionekwa seyakanyanya kukosha basa raTom, ukuwo Mignon akaramba ari ainyanya kufarirwa kwenguva yakareba, akakunda mitambo zana mumwaka wekutanga. Aya ma operas akatungamira mukukwira kutsva kwechiremera chaTom: muna 100 akava mutungamiriri weParis Conservatoire. Uye gore risati rasvika, munyori wemakore anenge 1871 akazviratidza pachake patriot chaiye, achibatana neuto semuzvipiri nekutanga kwehondo yeFranco-Prussia. Zvisinei, hutungamiri haana kusiya Tom nguva okugadzira zvinhu, uye pashure Hamlet haana kunyora chinhu kwemakore 60. Muna 14, opera yake yekupedzisira, yechi1882, Francesca da Rimini, yakabva paDante's Divine Comedy, yakaonekwa. Mushure memamwe makore manomwe ekunyarara, basa rekupedzisira rakavakirwa paShakespeare rakagadzirwa - iyo fantastic ballet The Tempest.

Thomas akafa musi waFebruary 12, 1896 muParis.

A. Koenigsberg