Karl Ilyich Eliasberg |
Karl Eliasberg
Nyamavhuvhu 9, 1942. Pamiromo yemunhu wese - "Leningrad - blockade - Shostakovich - 7th symphony - Eliasberg". Ipapo mukurumbira wenyika wakauya kuna Karl Ilyich. Anenge makore 65 apfuura kubva konzati iyoyo, uye anenge makore makumi matatu apfuura kubva pakafa kondakita. Chii chinonzi Eliasberg chinoonekwa nhasi?
Mukuona kwevanhu vepanguva yake, Eliasberg aiva mumwe wevatungamiri vezera rake. Mamiriro ake aimusiyanisa aive tarenda remumhanzi risingawanzo, "hazvigoneke" (netsanangudzo yaKurt Sanderling) kunzwa, kutendeseka uye kutendeseka "zvisinei nezviso", kuva nechinangwa uye kushingaira, dzidzo yeencyclopedic, kurongeka uye kubata nguva mune zvese, kuvapo kwenzira yake yekudzokorora yakagadziridzwa pamusoro. makore. (Pano Yevgeny Svetlanov anoyeukwa: "MuMoscow, pakanga pane mhirizhonga yenguva dzose pakati peboka redu reimba yaKarl Ilyich. Munhu wose aida kumuwana. Munhu wose aida kushanda naye. Kubatsira kwebasa rake kwaiva kukuru. ") Mukuwedzera, Eliasberg aizivikanwa semuperekedzi akanakisa, uye akamira pakati pevenguva yake nekuridza mimhanzi yaTaneyev, Scriabin naGlazunov, uye pamwe chete navo JS Bach, Mozart, Brahms naBruckner.
Muimbi uyu, aikosheswa zvikuru nevaairarama navo, akazvigadzirira chinangwa chipi, ipfungwa ipi yaakashanda kusvikira mazuva okupedzisira oupenyu hwake? Pano tasvika kune humwe hunhu hukuru hwaEliasberg semutyairi.
Kurt Sanderling, mundangariro dzake dzaEliasberg, akati: “Basa romutambi weorchestra rakaoma.” Hongu, Karl Ilyich akanzwisisa izvi, asi akaenderera mberi "kudzvanya" pazvikwata zvaakapihwa. Uye hazvisirizvo kuti iye panyama aisakwanisa kutakura manyepo kana fungidziro yekuitwa kwechinyorwa chemunyori. Eliasberg ndiye kondakita wekuRussia wekutanga kuona kuti “haugone kuenda kure nengoro yekare.” Kunyangwe hondo isati yatanga, maochestra akanakisa eEurope neAmerica akasvika pakuita zvinzvimbo zvitsva, uye boka rechidiki reRussia orchestra harifanire (kunyangwe pakashaikwa zvinhu uye zvekushandisa) kuseri kwekukunda kwenyika.
Mumakore epashure pehondo, Eliasberg akafamba zvakawanda - kubva kumatunhu eBaltic kuenda kuFar East. Aiva nemapoka makumi mana neshanu ekuimba kwake. Akadzidzidza, aiziva simba radzo neutera, kazhinji aisvika pachine nguva mberi kuti ateerere bhendi asati adzidzira (kuitira kuti agadzirire zviri nani basa, ave nenguva yekuita gadziridzo kuchirongwa chekudzokorora uye zvikamu zveokestra). Chipo chaEliasberg chekuongorora chakamubatsira kuwana nzira dzakanaka uye dzinoshanda dzekushanda nemaokestra. Heino ongororo imwe chete yakaitwa pahwaro hwekudzidza kweEliasberg's symphonic programs. Zvinova pachena kuti aiwanzoita masimphoni eHaydn nevese orchestra, kwete nekuti aifarira mimhanzi iyi, asi nekuti aiishandisa senzira yemaitiro.
MaRussian orchestra akaberekwa mushure me1917 akapotsa mudzidzo yavo zvinhu zvakapfava zvezvakasikwa zveEuropean symphony chikoro. Iyo "Haydn Orchestra", iyo yeEuropean symphonism yakakura, mumaoko aEliasberg chaive chiridzwa chakakosha kuzadza gaka iri muchikoro chesymphony. Just? Zviripachena, asi yaifanira kunzwisiswa uye kuiswa mukuita, sezvakaitwa naEliasberg. Uye uyu ungori muenzaniso mumwe chete. Nhasi, tichienzanisa zvakarekodhwa zveakanakisa eRussia orchestras emakore makumi mashanu apfuura neazvino, zviri nani kuridza kweorchestra yedu "kubva kudiki kusvika kumukuru", unonzwisisa kuti basa rekuzvipira raEliasberg, akatanga basa rake anenge ari ega, rakanga risiri pasina. Maitiro echisikigo ekutamisa ruzivo akaitika - vaimbi vemazuva ano orchestral, vapfuura nepakati pezvidzidzo zvake, "vachisvetuka pamusoro pemisoro yavo" mumakonzati ake, vatove vadzidzisi vakasimudza mwero wezvinodikanwa zvehunyanzvi zvevadzidzi vavo. Uye chizvarwa chinotevera chevatambi veorchestra, hongu, chakatanga kutamba chakachena, zvakanyanya, chakawedzera kuchinjika mu ensembles.
Mukururama, tinocherechedza kuti Karl Ilyich aisagona kuwana mhedzisiro chete. Vateveri vake vokutanga vaiva K. Kondrashin, K. Zanderling, A. Stasevich. Zvadaro chizvarwa chemashure ehondo "chakabatana" - K. Simeonov, A. Katz, R. Matsov, G. Rozhdestvensky, E. Svetlanov, Yu. Temirkanov, Yu. Nikolaevsky, V. Verbitsky nevamwe. Vazhinji vavo vakazozvidaidza vachidada kuti vadzidzi veEliasberg.
Zvinofanira kutaurwa kuti, kune chikwereti chaEliasberg, paaifurira vamwe, akazvivandudza uye akazvivandudza. Kubva kune yakaoma uye "kudzvanya mhedzisiro" (maererano nekuyeukwa kwevadzidzisi vangu) kondakita, akave akadzikama, ane moyo murefu, akangwara mudzidzisi - iyi ndiyo nzira isu, nhengo dzeorchestra ye60s uye 70s, tinomurangarira. Kunyangwe kuomarara kwake kwakaramba kwakamira. Panguva iyoyo, mutoo wakadaro wekurukurirano pakati pomuimbisi neboka revaimbi wairatidzika kwatiri sousingakoshi. Uye pave paya ndipo patakazoona kuti taive nerombo rakanaka sei pakutanga kwebasa redu.
Muduramazwi remazuva ano, epithets "nyeredzi", "genius", "man-legend" inowanzoitika, yakarasikirwa kwenguva yakareba zvinoreva. Vakangwara vechizvarwa chaEliasberg vakasemeswa nekutaura kwekutaura. Asi maererano naEliasberg, kushandiswa kweiyo epithet "ngano" haina kumbobvira yaita sekunyepedzera. Mutakuri weiyi "mukurumbira unoputika" iye pachake akanyadziswa nazvo, asingazvioni seari nani pane vamwe, uye munyaya dzake pamusoro pekukomba, orchestra nevamwe vanhu venguva iyoyo vaiva vanhu vakuru.
Victor Kozlov
