Drum: tsananguro yechiridzwa, kuumbwa, nhoroondo, mhando, ruzha, kushandiswa

Iyo ngoma ndeimwe yeanonyanya kufarirwa uye panguva imwechete iyo yakare mimhanzi zviridzwa. Kureruka kwekushandisa, chimiro chakasununguka, hupfumi hwemanzwi - zvese izvi zvinomubatsira kuti arambe achidiwa kwemazana mashoma apfuura.

Chii chinonzi ngoma

Ngoma ndeyeboka rezviridzwa zvinoridzwa. Pakati pemhando dzakawanda, iyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa ndeye membrane drum, iyo ine dense simbi kana muviri wemapuranga, wakafukidzwa ne membrane (dehwe, plastiki) pamusoro.

Kubudisa inzwi kunoitika mushure mekurova membrane nematanda anokosha. Vamwe vaimbi vanofarira kubhowa. Kune akapfuma palette yemanzwi, akawanda mamodheru ehukuru hwakasiyana, makiyi anounzwa pamwechete - iyi ndiyo nzira inogadzirwa seti yedhiramu.

Kusvika iye zvino, kune marudzi akasiyana-siyana emhando dzakasiyana mune chimiro, saizi, ruzha. Zvinozivikanwa zvimiro zvakaumbwa se hourglass, pamwe chete nemadhiramu makuru, anenge mamita maviri muhupamhi.

Chiridzwa chacho hachina mutsindo wakati, manzwi acho anorekodhwa mumutsara mumwe chete, zvichiratidza mutinhimira. Drum roll inosimbisa rhythm yechidimbu chemimhanzi. Mienzaniso midiki inoita ruzha rwakaoma, rwakasiyana, ruzha rwemadhiramu makuru runofanana nekutinhira.

Drum chimiro

Chishandiso chechishandiso chiri nyore, chine zvinhu zvinotevera:

• Frame. Yakagadzirwa nesimbi kana huni. Pepa rinoumba muviri rinovhara mudenderedzwa, richiva neburi mukati. Chikamu chepamusoro chemuviri chine rimu rinochengetedza membrane. Kumativi kune mabhaudhi anoshanda kudhonzera membrane.
• Membrane. Anotambanudza pamuviri zvose kubva kumusoro uye kubva pasi. Zvinhu zvemazuva ano membranes ipurasitiki. Kare, matehwe, matehwe emhuka aishandiswa se membrane. Iyo membrane yekumusoro inonzi impact plastic, iyo yepasi inonzi resonant. Kunyanya kusimba kwe membrane, ndiko kuwedzera kwekurira.
• Zvimiti. Ivo chikamu chakakosha chedhiramu, sezvo ivo vane basa rekugadzira ruzha. Zvinhu zvekugadzira - huni, aluminium, polyurethane. Kuti chiridzwa chicharira sei zvinoenderana nehupamhi, zvinhu, saizi yematanda. Vamwe vanogadzira vanoisa zvimiti zvinoratidza kubatana kwavo: jazz, rock, orchestral music. Vatambi vane hunyanzvi vanosarudza zvimiti zvehuni.

History

Ngoma dzechinyakare dzakagadzirwa nani uye rini zvinoramba zviri chishamiso. Iyo yekare kopi inodzokera kuzana ramakore rechiXNUMX BC. Chinhu chinonakidza ndechekuti chishandiso chakagoverwa pasirese. Rudzi rumwe norumwe rwaiva nengoma yarwo, yakati siyanei nekukura kana kuti chitarisiko. Pakati pevayemura vanoshingaira vechiridzwa ichi pane vanhu vokuSouth America, Africa, neIndia. MuEurope, fashoni yekudhirowa yakauya gare gare - kutenderera kwezana ramakore rechiXNUMX.

Pakutanga, manzwi engoma ane ruzha aishandiswa kuratidza. Ipapo dzakavamba kushandiswa uko kuomerera kwakakomba kumutinhimira kwaidikanwa: pangarava dzine vakwasvi, mukutamba kwetsika, mitambo, uye mabasa ehondo. MaJapan akashandisa chigubhu chinorira kuita kuti muvengi avhunduke. Murwi wechiJapan akabata chiridzwa kumusana uku achirohwa nehasha nemamwe varwi vaviri.

VeEurope vakawana chiridzwa ichi nekuda kwevaTurkey. Pakutanga, yakashandiswa muuto: pakanga pane zvakagadzirirwa zvakasanganiswa zvikwangwani zvaireva kufambira mberi, kudzoka, kutanga kwekuumbwa.

Masoja eRussia akatanga kushandisa zvidhori-sezvivakwa panguva yekutonga kwaIvan weKutyisa. Kutorwa kweKazan kwakaperekedzwa neruzha rwe nakrov - mahombe emhangura makuru akafukidzwa nematehwe pamusoro. Mutongi Boris Godunov, uyo aifarira mamercenaries ekunze, akatora kubva kwavari tsika yekurwa nemadhiramu aitaridzika semhando dzemazuva ano. Pasi paPeter Mukuru, chero chikwata chemauto chaisanganisira vane zana vanoridza ngoma. Pakutanga kwezana remakore rechimakumi maviri, chiridzwa chakanyangarika kubva muuto. Kudzoka kwake kwekukunda kwakauya nekuuya kusimba kwemakomunisti: ngoma yakava chiratidzo chesangano remapiyona.

Nhasi, madhiramu makuru, emusungo chikamu chesymphony orchestra. Iyo chiridzwa inoita inoperekedza, solo zvikamu. Iyo yakakosha pachikuva: inoshandiswa zvakanyanya nevaimbi vanoita muchimiro chedombo, jazz, uye kuita kwemauto ensembles kunokosha pasina iyo.

Chinhu chitsva chemakore achangopfuura mamodeli emagetsi. Muimbi anosanganisa zvine hungwaru manzwi ekunzwika uye emagetsi achibatsirwa nawo.

Mhando dzengoma

Mhando dzemadhiramu dzakakamurwa zvichienderana neanotevera kupatsanura maficha:

Nenyika yekwakabva

Chiridzwa chinowanikwa pamakondinendi ese, akasiyana zvishoma pakuonekwa, zviyero, nzira dzekutamba:

1. African. Ivo chinhu chitsvene, vanotora chikamu mumitambo yechitendero uye tsika. Kuwedzera kushandiswa kwechiratidzo. Zvigubhu zvakasiyana-siyana zveAfrica - bata, djembe, ashiko, kpanlogo nevamwe.
2. Latin America. Atabaque, kuika, conga - yakaunzwa nevaranda vatema. Teponaztl chigadzirwa chemuno, chakagadzirwa kubva pachidimbu chehuni. Timbales chiridzwa cheCuba.
3. ChiJapanese. Zita rerudzi rwechiJapan nditaiko (kureva kuti “dhiramu hombe”). Iboka re "be-daiko" rine chimiro chakakosha: membrane yakanyatsogadziriswa, pasina mukana wekugadzirisa. Sime-daiko boka rezviridzwa rinokubvumira kugadzirisa membrane.
4. ChiChinese. Bangu mudziyo wemapuranga, une divi rimwe chete une muviri wakaita sekoni. Paigu imhando yetimpani yakamiswa pane yakamira.
5. Indian. Tabla (steam drums), mridanga (ritual one-sided drum).
6. Caucasian. Dhol, nagara (inoshandiswa nevaArmenians, Azerbaijanis), darbuka (Turkish zvakasiyana-siyana).

Nemhando

Mhando dzengoma dzinoumba hwaro hwemaokestra emazuva ano:

1. Big. Bilateral, kashoma - chiridzwa chine divi rimwechete chine ruzha rwakadzika, rwakasimba, rwakati piriviri. Inoshandiswa kurova kamwe chete, kusimbisa ruzha rwezviridzwa zvikuru.
2. Diki. Kaviri-membrane, ine tambo dziri pedyo nechepazasi membrane, ichipa ruzha kubatwa kwakakosha. Tambo dzinogona kudzimwa kana ruzha ruchidikanwa kuti ruve rwakajeka, pasina mamwe overtones. Inoshandiswa kupfura mapfuti. Iwe unogona kurova kwete chete membrane, asiwo kurova rim.
3. Tom-tom. Muenzaniso wakaita cylinder, uchidzika zvakananga kubva kuvanhu vekuAmerica, Asia. Muzana ramakore rechi XNUMX, yakava chikamu chedhiramu set.
4. Timpani. Copper boilers ine membrane yakatambanudzwa pamusoro. Vane imwe pitch, iyo muiti anogona nyore kuchinja panguva yePlay.

Maererano nefomu

Zvichienderana nechimiro chehull, madhiramu anoti:

• Conical,
• Cauldron-shaped,
• "Hourglass",
• Cylindrical,
• gobhoti,
• framework.

Production

Zvese zvechigubhu zvinoda kutariswa, saka vamwe mhizha vari kuita basa rekugadzira chiridzwa. Asi vaimbi vane hunyanzvi vanosarudza mhando dzeindasitiri.

Zvishandiso zvinoshandiswa kugadzirisa nyaya:

• Dzimwe mhando dzesimbi
• ndarira,
• Plastiki,
• Huni (maple, linden, birch, oak).

Inzwi remuenzaniso weramangwana zvakananga zvinoenderana nechinhu chakasarudzwa.

Kana nyaya yacho yagadzirira, vanotanga kugadzira simbi fittings: hoop inochengetedza membrane, mabhoti, makiyi, fasteners. Hunhu hwechishandiso hunoderera zvakanyanya kana hwakashongedzerwa nenhamba yakawanda yemakomba, zvimwe zvikamu. Vagadziri vanozivikanwa vanopa yakakosha yekusimbisa sisitimu inobvumidza iwe kuchengetedza kuvimbika kwenyaya.

Drum tuning

Zvigadziriso zvinoda chero rudzi rwechiridzwa: kuve neimwe pitch (timpani, rototom) uye kusava nayo (tom-tom, diki, hombe).

Tuning inoitika nekutambanudza kana kusunungura membrane. Nokuda kweizvi, kune mabhoti anokosha pamuviri. Kudzvinyirirwa kwakanyanya kunoita kuti ruzha rwuve rwakanyanya, kusasimba kunoshaisa kutaura. Zvakakosha kuwana "golden mean".

Chigubhu chine musungo chine tambo chinoda kugadziridzwa kwakasiyana kwe membrane yepasi.

kushandisa

Chiridzwa chacho chakanaka zvose mukuumbwa kwe ensemble uye mukuita kwezvikamu zvega. Muimbi anozvimiririra anosarudza kushandisa zvimiti kana achiridza kana kurova membrane nemaoko ake. Kutamba nemaoko kunoonekwa sehurefu hwehunyanzvi uye hauwanikwe kune wese mutambi.

Mune orchestras, ngoma inopiwa basa rinokosha: inoonekwa seyokutanga, inogadzirisa rhythm yerwiyo. Inofamba zvakanaka nezvimwe zviridzwa zvemimhanzi, zvinozvizadzisa. Pasina iyo, mitambo yezvikwata zvemauto, vaimbi verock haigoneki, chiridzwa ichi chinogara chiripo pamaforamu, kuungana kwevechidiki, uye zviitiko zvemafaro.