Bongo: tsananguro yechiridzwa, dhizaini, nhoroondo yemabviro, kushandiswa

Iyo bongo ndiyo chiridzwa chenyika chevaCuba. Inoshandiswa muCuban neLatin America mimhanzi.

Chii chinonzi bongo

Kirasi - chiridzwa chemumhanzi chinorohwa, idiophone. Ane mavambo emuAfrica.

Muridzi webhomba, paanenge achitamba, anosunga chivako chacho netsoka dzake, uye anobudisa ruzha nemaoko ake. Kazhinji ngoma yeCuba inoridzwa wakagara.

Chinhu chinonakidza: muongorori weKuban Fernando Ortiz anotenda kuti zita rokuti "bongo" rinobva mumutauro weBantu vanhu vane shanduko shoma. Izwi rekuti “mbongo” rinoreva kuti “ngoma” mururimi rwe Bantu.

Tool design

Ngoma dzeBongo dzine mavakirwo akafanana kune mamwe madimikira ekuridza. Muviri wegomba wakagadzirwa nemuti. Membrane yakatambanudzwa pamusoro pekuchekwa, iyo inodedera kana yarohwa, ichigadzira ruzha. Membrane yemazuva ano inogadzirwa kubva kumhando yakakosha yepurasitiki. Parutivi rwechigadziro panogona kunge kune zvigadziro zvesimbi uye zvekushongedza.

Drum shells dzinosiyana muhukuru. Mukuru wacho anonzi embra. Iri kurudyi rwemuimbi. Yakaderedzwa inonzi macho. Iri kuruboshwe. Tuning yacho pakutanga yaive yakaderera kuti ishandiswe sechikamu chinoperekedza rhythm. Vatambi vemazuva ano vanoridza ngoma yakakwirira. Iyo tuning yepamusoro inoita kuti bongo zviite senge chiridzwa choga.

Nhoroondo yekwakabva

Ruzivo chairwo rwekuti bongo ranga rakaita sei harizivikanwe. Yekutanga yakanyorwa kushandiswa yakatanga muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX muCuba.

Mazhinji masosi enhoroondo yeAfro-Cuba anoti bongo rakavakirwa pamadhiramu anobva kuCentral Africa. Nhamba huru yevaAfrica vanobva kuCongo neAngola vanogara kuchamhembe kweCuba vanosimbisa iyi shanduro. Pesvedzero yeKongo inogonawo kuonekwa muCuban mimhanzi yemhando yemwanakomana uye changui. VaCuba vakagadzirisa dhizaini yegubhu reAfrica uye vakagadzira bongo. Vatsvagiri vanotsanangura maitiro se "pfungwa yeAfrica, yakagadzirwa neCuba."

Iyo yakagadzirwa yakapinda muCuba yakakurumbira mimhanzi sechinhu chakakosha pakutanga kwezana ramakore re1930. Akapesvedzera mukurumbira wemapoka ekurara. Mumakore ekuma1940 unyanzvi hwevaridzi vengoma hwakawedzera. Kutamba kwaClemente Pichiero kwakakurudzira ramangwana virtuoso Mongo Santamaria. Mumakore ekumaXNUMX, Santamaria akave shasha yechiridzwa, achiridza nziyo naSonora Matansera, Arsenio Rodriguez uye Lecuona Cuban Boys. Arsenio Rodriguez akazopayona nzira yekuimba yekojunto.

Chigadzirwa cheCuba chakaonekwa muUS muma1940s. Mapiyona acho aiva Armando Peraza, Chino Pozo naRogelio Darias. Mumhanzi weNew York weLatin wainyanya kuumbwa nevaPuerto Rican vaive vambosangana nemaCuba.