Paul Badura-Skoda |

Paul Badura-Skoda

Muimbi anogona kuita zvakasiyana-siyana - soloist, ensemble player, conductor, mudzidzisi, muongorori, munyori - uyu ndiye mumwe wevamiriri vanotungamira vezera repashure pehondo yechikoro cheAustrian pianistic. Chaizvoizvo, hazvingave zvakarurama zvachose kumuisa muchikamu sechikoro cheAustria: mushure mezvose, apedza kudzidza kubva kuVienna Conservatory mukirasi yepiyano yaProfessor Viola Tern (pamwe chete nekirasi yekuitisa), Badura-Skoda akadzidza pasi pe kutungamira kwaEdwin Fischer, waanoona mudzidzisi wake mukuru. Asi zvakadaro, rudo rwemweya waFischer rwakasiya chisimbiso chisina kusimba pakuonekwa kweBadur-Skoda; uyezve, anonyatso shamwaridzana neVienna, kwaanogara uye anoshanda, neVienna, iyo yakamupa pianistic repertoire uye izvo zvinowanzonzi chiitiko chekuongorora.

Chiitiko chekonzati chemupiyano chakatanga muma50s. Nekukurumidza, akazvisimbisa semuzivi akanakisa uye akajeka muturikiri weViennese classics. Kubudirira kwekuita pamakwikwi emarudzi akawanda kwakasimbisa mukurumbira wake, kwakazarura mikova yehoro dzekonti kwaari, danho remitambo yakawanda. Vatsoropodzi vakakurumidza kumuziva semugadziri akanaka, vavariro dzakakomba dzehunyanzvi uye kuravira kwakashata, kuvimbika kune vara uye mweya wezvinyorwa zvemunyori, uye pakupedzisira akapa mutero kune kureruka uye rusununguko rwemutambo wake. Asi panguva imwecheteyo, pfungwa dzisina simba dzemuimbi wechidiki hadzina kucherechedzwa - kushaikwa kwekufema kwakakura kwemutsara, kumwe "kudzidza", kupfava kwakanyanya, pedantry. “Achiri kuridza nemakiyi, kwete nemanzwi,” I. Kaiser akadaro muna 1965.

Zvapupu zvekumwe kuwedzera kwekugadzira kwemuimbi vaive vateereri veSoviet. Badura-Skoda, kubva mumwaka wa1968/69, aigara achishanyira USSR. Akakurumidza kukwezva kutarisa nekunyengera kwehunyoro, stylistic flair, simba rakasimba. Panguva imwecheteyo, kududzirwa kwake kweChopin kwakaratidzika kunge kwakasununguka, dzimwe nguva kusina kukodzera nemimhanzi pachayo. Gare gare, muna 1973, mutambi wepiyano A. Ioheles akanyora muongororo yake kuti Badura-Skoda “akura kuva muimbi akura uye ane unhu hwakajeka, uyo anonyanya kukoshesa nziyo dzake dzekare dzeViennese.” Zvechokwadi, kunyange panguva yekushanya kuviri kwekutanga, kubva kune yakakura repertoire yeBadur-Skoda, sonatas yaHaydn (C mukuru) uye Mozart (F mukuru) yakarangarirwa zvikuru, uye zvino Schubert Sonata muC minor yakaonekwa sekubudirira kukuru. , apo pianist akakwanisa mumvuri "yakasimba-yaida, Beethovenian Start".

Muridzi wepiyano akasiyawo maonero akanaka mumusangano naDavid Oistrakh, waakaita naye paGreat Hall yeMoscow Conservatory. Asi zvechokwadi, achikwira pamusoro pechiyero cheanojairika muperekedzi, pianist aive akaderera kune mukuru violinist mukudzika, kukosha kwehunyanzvi uye chiyero chekududzirwa kwesonatas yaMozart.

Nhasi, pamberi peBadur-Skoda, tinoratidzwa nenyanzvi, kunyange zvazvo ine unyanzvi hushoma, asi hwehuwandu hwakasiyana. Iyo yakapfuma ruzivo uye ruzivo rweencyclopedic, pakupedzisira, stylistic flair inomubatsira kugona akasiyana siyana emimhanzi. Anoti; “Ini ndinoenda kune repertoire semutambi, muturikiri akanaka anosvika pamabasa angu; anofanira kutamba gamba, kwete iye pachake, kupa mavara akasiyana neuchokwadi hwakafanana. Uye ndinofanira kutaura kuti muzviitiko zvakawanda muimbi anobudirira, kunyange kana achitendeukira kune anoita seari kure. Yeuka kuti kunyange pakutanga kwebasa rake - muna 1951 - Badura-Skoda akarekodha makontikiti naRimsky-Korsakov naScriabin pamarekodhi, uye iye zvino ari kutamba mimhanzi yaChopin, Debussy, Ravel, Hindemith, Bartok, Frank Martin achida. akazvitsaurira Yechipiri Concerto kwaari yepiyano uye orchestra). Uye zvekare zveViennese uye zverudo zvichiri pakati pezvido zvake zvekusika - kubva kuHaydn naMozart, kuburikidza naBeethoven naSchubert, kuenda kuSchumann naBrahms. MuAustria nekune dzimwe nyika, zvinyorwa zveBeethoven's sonatas zvakaitwa naye zvakabudirira zvikuru, uye muU.SA album Yakazara Yakaunganidzwa yaSchubert Sonatas Yakagadzirwa naBadur-Skoda, yakanyorwa nekuraira kwekambani yeRCA, yakafarirwa zvikuru. Kana ari Mozart, kududzira kwake kuchiri kuratidzwa nechido chekujeka kwemitsetse, kujeka kwemavara, uye izwi rakadhindwa rinotungamira. Badura-Skoda haaiti chete akawanda ezvinyorwa zveMozart ega, asiwo akawanda ensembles. Jörg Demus anga ari shamwari yake yenguva dzose kwemakore mazhinji: vakarekodha zvese zvinyorwa zveMozart zvepiyano mbiri nemaoko mana pamarekodhi. Kubatira pamwe kwavo hakuna kuganhurirwa, zvisinei, kuMozart. Muna 1970, pakapembererwa makore mazana maviri ekuberekwa kwaBeethoven, shamwari dzakatepfenyura kutenderera kwesonatas yaBeethoven paterevhizheni yeAustria, ichiperekedza nematsanangudzo anonakidza. Badura-Skoda akapa mabhuku maviri kumatambudziko ekududzira mimhanzi yaMozart naBeethoven, rimwe rayo rakanyorwa pamwe chete nemudzimai wake, uye rimwe naJörg Demus. Pamusoro pezvo, akanyora zvakawanda zvinyorwa uye zvidzidzo zveViennese classics uye mimhanzi yekutanga, editions emakonsati aMozart, mazhinji emabasa aSchubert (kusanganisira fantasy "Wanderer"), Schumann's "Album Yevechidiki". Muna 200, ari kuMoscow, akapa hurukuro ine musoro panzvimbo yekuchengetedza pamusoro pezvinetso zvekududzira mimhanzi yekare. Mukurumbira waBadur-Skoda semuzivi uye mutambi weViennese classics ikozvino wakakwira zvakanyanya - anogara achikokwa kuti ape hurukuro uye kuitisa makosi ekuita hunyanzvi kwete chete muzvikoro zvepamusoro zveAustria, asiwo muUSA, France, Italy, Czechoslovakia nedzimwe nyika.

Grigoriev L., Platek Ya., 1990