Arcangelo Corelli (Arcangelo Corelli) |

Arcangelo Corelli

Basa remuimbi weItaly ane mukurumbira uye mutambi weviolin A. Corelli akakanganisa zvikuru mumhanzi wezviridzwa zvemuEurope mukupera kwezana ramakore rechi XNUMX - hafu yekutanga yezana ramakore rechi XNUMX, anoonekwa nenzira kwayo semuvambi wechikoro cheItaly violin. Vazhinji vevanyori vakuru venguva inotevera, kusanganisira JS Bach naGF Handel, vakakoshesa zvikuru nziyo dzeCorelli. Haana kuzviratidza kwete chete semuimbi uye anoshamisa violinist, asiwo semudzidzisi (chikoro cheCorelli chine galaxy yose yevatenzi vakajeka) uye kondakita (aive mutungamiri wezviridzwa zvakasiyana-siyana). Creativity Corelli nemabasa ake akasiyana akavhura peji nyowani munhoroondo yemimhanzi nemhando dzemimhanzi.

Zvishoma zvinozivikanwa nezvehupenyu hwepakutanga hwaCorelli. Akagamuchira zvidzidzo zvake zvokutanga zvemimhanzi kubva kumupristi. Mushure mekuchinja vadzidzisi vakati wandei, Corelli anozopedzisira ave muBologna. Guta iri ndiro rakazvarirwa vanyori vakawanda vekuItaly vanoshamisa, uye kugara ikoko kwakava nepesvedzero yakasimba pane ramangwana remuimbi wechidiki uyu. MuBologna, Corelli anodzidza pasi pekutungamirirwa kwemudzidzisi anozivikanwa J. Benvenuti. Ichokwadi chokuti kare muhuduku hwake Corelli akawana kubudirira kunoshamisa mumunda wekuridza violin inoratidzwa nekuti muna 1670, pazera remakore gumi nemanomwe, akagamuchirwa kune yakakurumbira Bologna Academy. Mumakore ekuma17 Corelli anotamira kuRoma. Pano anoridza mumitambo yakasiyana-siyana yeorchestra uye chamber ensembles, anotungamira mamwe ensembles, uye anova mutungamiriri wechechi. Zvinozivikanwa kubva mutsamba dzaCorelli kuti muna 1670 akapinda mubasa raMambokadzi Christina weSweden. Semuimbi weorchestra, anobatanidzwawo mukuumbwa - kuumba sonatas yekutsigira kwake. Basa rekutanga reCorelli (1679 church trio sonatas) rakaonekwa muna 12. Pakati pe-1681s. Corelli akapinda mubasa reRoma Cardinal P. Ottoboni, kwaakagara kusvikira pakuguma kwehupenyu hwake. Mushure me1680, akasiya kutaura pachena uye akaisa simba rake rose pakugadzira.

Zvinyorwa zveCorelli zvishoma muhuwandu: muna 1685, ichitevera yekutanga opus, chamber yake trio sonatas op. 2, muna 1689 - 12 chechi trio sonatas op. 3, muna 1694 - chamber trio sonatas op. 4, muna 1700 - chamber trio sonatas op. 5. Pakupedzisira, muna 1714, pashure porufu rwaCorelli, concerti yake yakashata zvikuru. yakabudiswa muAmsterdam. 6. Iyi miunganidzwa, pamwe nemitambo yakati wandei, inoumba nhaka yeCorelli. Nziyo dzake dzakagadzirirwa zviridzwa zvetambo dzakakotamiswa (violin, viola da gamba) ine harpsichord kana nhengo sezviridzwa zvinoperekedza.

Creativity Corelli inosanganisira maviri makuru emhando: sonatas uye concertos. Yakanga iri mubasa raCorelli kuti sonata genre yakaumbwa nenzira iyo inofananidzira nguva yepreclassical. Corelli's sonatas yakakamurwa kuita mapoka maviri: chechi nekamuri. Iwo anosiyana ari maviri mukuumbwa kwevatambi (nhengo inofambidzana nechechi sonata, harpsichord mukamuri sonata), uye mumukati (kereke sonata inosiyaniswa nekuomarara kwayo uye kudzika kwezviri mukati, kamuri imwe iri padyo dance suite). Mutambo wezviridzwa wakagadzirirwa iwo sonatas waisanganisira 2 melodic manzwi (2 violin) uye accompaniment (organ, harpsichord, viola da gamba). Ndokusaka vachidaidzwa kuti trio sonatas.

Corelli's concertos zvakare yakava chiitiko chinoshamisa mune iyi genre. Iyo concerto grosso genre yaivepo kare kare Corelli asati. Akanga ari mumwe wevatangiri venziyo dzesymphonic. Pfungwa yerudzi rwacho yaive mhando yemakwikwi pakati peboka rezviridzwa zvega (muCorelli's concerto basa iri rinoridzwa ne2 violin uye cello) ine orchestra: iyo concerto yakavakwa sekuchinjana kwe solo uye tutti. Corelli's gumi nemaviri concerto, yakanyorwa mumakore ekupedzisira ehupenyu hwemunyori, yakave imwe yemapeji anopenya mumhanzi wezviridzwa zvekutanga kwezana ramakore rechi12. Ivo vachiri zvimwe basa rinonyanya kufarirwa reCorelli.

A. Pilgun

Violin chiridzwa chemumhanzi chenyika. Akazvarwa kunenge kwezana ramakore rechiXNUMX uye kwenguva yakareba aivepo chete pakati pevanhu. "Kushandiswa kwakapararira kweiyo violin muhupenyu hwechivanhu kunoratidzwa zvakajeka nemifananidzo yakawanda uye zvakanyorwa zvezana ramakore rechiXNUMX. Zvirongwa zvavo ndezvi: violin uye cello mumaoko evaimbi vanodzungaira, varidzi veviolin vekumaruwa, vanhu vanoseka pazviratidziro nepamakwere, pamitambo nekutamba, mumabhawa nemabhawa. Violin yacho yakatomutsa pfungwa yokuizvidza: “Unosangana nevanhu vashoma vanoishandisa, kunze kwevaya vanorarama nebasa ravo. Inoshandiswa kutamba pamichato, masqueradhi, "akanyora kudaro Philibert Iron Leg, muimbi weFrance uye musayendisiti muhafu yekutanga yezana ramakore rechi XNUMX.

Maonero ekuzvidza violin sechiridzwa chine hasha chevanhu chinoratidzwa mune zvirevo uye madimikira akawanda. MuchiFrench, shoko rokuti violon (violin) richiri kushandiswa sechituko, zita remunhu asina maturo, benzi; muChirungu, violin inodaidzwa kuti fiddle, uye mutambi wevanhu anonzi fiddler; panguva imwe cheteyo, mashoko aya ane chirevo chinonyadzisa: izwi rechiito rokuti fiddlefaddle rinoreva – kutaura pasina, kutaura; fiddlingmann inoturikira sembavha.

Mune unyanzvi hwevanhu, paiva nemhizha huru pakati pevaimbi vanodzungaira, asi nhoroondo haina kuchengetedza mazita avo. Muridzi weviolini wekutanga kuzivikanwa kwatiri aive Battista Giacomelli. Akagara muhafu yechipiri yezana ramakore rechiXNUMX uye aifarira mukurumbira unoshamisa. Vepanguva iyoyo vaingomuti il ​​violino.

Zvikoro zvakakura zveviolin zvakamuka muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX muItari. Iwo akaumbwa zvishoma nezvishoma uye akabatanidzwa nenzvimbo mbiri dzemimhanzi yenyika ino - Venice neBologna.

Venice, repabhuriki yezvokutengeserana, yakagara kwenguva refu hupenyu hweguta hune ruzha. Kwaive nemitambo yakavhurika. Carnivals dzine mavara dzakarongwa pamakwere nekubatanidzwa kwevanhuwo zvavo, vaimbi vanofamba-famba vakaratidzira unyanzvi hwavo uye vaiwanzokokwa kudzimba dzevabereki. Violin yakatanga kucherechedzwa uye yakatodiwa kune zvimwe zviridzwa. Zvainzwika zvakanaka mumakamuri emitambo, pamwe chete nemazororo enyika; yainyatsosiyana neinonaka asi yakanyarara viola nekupfuma, runako uye kuzara kwetimbre, yainzwika yakanaka wega uye muorchestra.

Chikoro cheVenetian chakaitika mumakore gumi echipiri ezana ramakore re1629. Mune basa remusoro wayo, Biagio Marini, nheyo dze solo violin sonata genre dzakaiswa. Vamiriri vechikoro cheVenetian vaive padyo nehunyanzvi hwechivanhu, vakashandisa nechido muzvinyorwa zvavo hunyanzvi hwekuridza violinists. Saka, Biagio Marini akanyora (XNUMX) "Ritornello quinto" yeviolin mbiri uye quitaron (kureva bass lute), inoyeuchidza mimhanzi yekutamba kwevanhu, uye Carlo Farina mu "Capriccio Stravagante" akashandisa akasiyana onomatopoeic mhedzisiro, achivakwereta kubva kutsika yekudzungaira. vaimbi . MuCapriccio, violin inotevedzera kuhukura kwembwa, kurira kwekatsi, kuchema kwejongwe, kurira kwehuku, kuridza muridzo kwevarwi vari kufamba, nezvimwewo.

Bologna yaive nzvimbo yemweya yeItari, muzinda wesainzi uye art, guta rezvikoro. MuBologna yezana ramakore rechi XNUMX, pesvedzero yemafungiro ehumanism yakanga ichiri kunzwika, tsika dzekupedzisira Renaissance dzakaramba dzichirarama, saka chikoro cheviolin chakaumbwa pano chaive chakasiyana neVenetian. VaBolognese vakatsvaga kupa kutaura kwezwi kumimhanzi yezviridzwa, sezvo izwi remunhu raionekwa sechinhu chepamusoro-soro. Violin yaifanira kuimba, yaifananidzwa nesoprano, uye kunyange marejista ayo aiganhurirwa kunzvimbo nhatu, ndiko kuti, mutsara wenzwi repamusoro rechikadzi.

Chikoro cheBologna violin chaisanganisira vazhinji vakatanhamara vanoridza violin - D. Torelli, J.-B. Bassani, J.-B. Vitali. Basa ravo nehunyanzvi zvakagadzira iyo yakasimba, yakasarudzika, inonzwisa tsitsi, iyo yakawana kutaura kwayo kwepamusoro mubasa raArcangelo Corelli.

Corelli… Ndeupi wevatambi veviolin asingazive zita iri! Vadzidzi vechidiki vezvikoro zvemimhanzi uye makoreji vanodzidza sonatas yake, uye Concerti grossi yake inoitwa muhoro dzephilharmonic nzanga nevatenzi vane mukurumbira. Muna 1953, nyika yose yakapemberera makore mazana matatu ekuzvarwa kwaCorelli, achibatanidza basa rake nekukunda kukuru kweItaly art. Uye zvechokwadi, kana iwe uchifunga nezvake, iwe usingazvisarudziri unofananidza mimhanzi yakachena uye yakasarudzika yaakagadzira nehunyanzvi hwevavezi, vagadziri vezvivakwa uye vanyori veRenaissance. Nehungwaru huri nyore hwechechi sonatas, inofanana nemifananidzo yaLeonardo da Vinci, uye nemashoko akajeka, anobva pamwoyo uye kuwirirana kwekamuri sonatas, inofanana naRaphael.

Munguva yehupenyu hwake, Corelli aifarira mukurumbira pasi rose. Kuperin, Handel, J.-S. akapfugama pamberi pake. Bach; zvizvarwa zveviolinists zvakadzidza pane yake sonatas. Kuna Handel, sonatas yake yakave muenzaniso webasa rake pachake; Bach akakwereta kubva kwaari madingindira emafugues uye aine chikwereti chakawanda kwaari mukunaka kwemaitiro eviolin emabasa ake.

Corelli akaberekwa munaFebruary 17, 1653 mutaundi diki reRomagna Fusignano, riri pakati peRavenna neBologna. Vabereki vake vaive venhamba yevagari vakadzidza uye vakapfuma vemutaundi. Pakati pemadzitateguru aCorelli paiva nevapristi vakawanda, vanachiremba, masayendisiti, magweta, vadetembi, asi hapana kana muimbi mumwe chete!

Baba vaCorelli vakafa mwedzi mumwe Arcangelo asati aberekwa; pamwe chete navakoma vana, akarerwa naamai vake. Mwanakomana wacho paakatanga kukura, amai vake vakauya naye kuFaenza kuti mupristi womunzvimbomo amupe zvidzidzo zvake zvokutanga zvemimhanzi. Makirasi akaenderera mberi muLugo, ipapo muBologna, uko Corelli akaguma muna 1666.

Ruzivo rwehupenyu nezvenguva ino yehupenyu hwake hushoma. Zvinongozivikanwa kuti muBologna akadzidza neviolinist Giovanni Benvenuti.

Makore ekudzidzira basa kwaCorelli akapindirana nenguva yechikoro cheBolognese violin. Muvambi waro, Ercole Gaibara, aive mudzidzisi weGiovanni Benvenuti naLeonardo Brugnoli, vane hunyanzvi hwepamusoro vaisagona asi kuve nesimba rakasimba pamuimbi wechidiki. Arcangelo Corelli aive akararama panguva yevamiriri vakajeka kudaro veBolognese violin art saGiuseppe Torelli, Giovanni Battista Bassani (1657-1716) naGiovanni Battista Vitali (1644-1692) nevamwe.

Bologna yakanga yakakurumbira kwete chete kune vanoridza violin. Panguva imwecheteyo, Domenico Gabrielli akaisa nheyo dze cello solo music. Kwakanga kune zvikoro zvina muguta - masangano emakonti emimhanzi aikwezva nyanzvi nevasairi kumisangano yavo. Mune imwe yacho - Philharmonic Academy, yakatangwa muna 1650, Corelli akabvumirwa pazera remakore 17 senhengo yakazara.

Kwaigara Corelli kubva 1670 kusvika 1675 hazvizivikanwe. Nhoroondo dzake dzehupenyu dzinopikisana. J.-J. Rousseau anoshuma kuti muna 1673 Corelli akashanyira Paris uye kuti ikoko akave nekunetsana kukuru naLully. Munyori wehupenyu Pencherle anoramba Rousseau, achipokana kuti Corelli haana kumbobvira aenda kuParis. Padre Martini, mumwe wevaimbi vane mukurumbira wezana ramakore rechi XNUMX, anoratidza kuti Corelli akapedza makore aya muFusignano, "asi akafunga, kuti agutse chishuwo chake chikuru uye, achibvuma kusimbirira kweshamwari dzakawanda dzinodiwa, kuenda kuRoma, kwaakadzidza achitungamirirwa nemukurumbira Pietro Simonelli, nekugamuchira mitemo yekupikisa zviri nyore zvikuru, nekuda kwekuti akazova munyori akaisvonaka uye akazara.

Corelli akatamira kuRoma muna 1675. Mamiriro ezvinhu ikoko akanga akaoma zvikuru. Mukutanga kwezana ramakore rechiXNUMX, Italy yaive ichipinda munguva yehondo dzinotyisa dzepakati uye yaive ichirasikirwa neyaimbova kukosha kwezvematongerwo enyika. Kuwedzera kwevapindiri kubva kuAustria, France, neSpain kwakawedzerwa kukurwisana kwevagari vemo. Kukamukana kwenyika, hondo dzinopfuurira zvakakonzera kuderera kwekutengeserana, kuderera kweupfumi, uye urombo hwenyika. Munzvimbo dzakawanda, mirairo yefeudal yakadzorerwa, vanhu vakagomera kubva kune zvikumbiro zvisingatsungiririki.

Kuita kwevafundisi kwakawedzerwa kune feudal reaction. ChiKaturike chakatsvaka kuwanazve simba racho rekare repesvedzero pandangariro. Nesimba rakati, kupokanidzana kwenzanga kwakazviratidzira kumene chaizvoizvo muRome, musimboti wechiKaturike. Zvisinei, muguta guru maiva nemitambo yakaisvonaka yeOpera nemitambo yemitambo, mabhuku uye nziyo dzemitambo uye salons. Chokwadi, zviremera zvevafundisi zvaivadzvinyirira. Muna 1697, nekuraira kwaPope Innocent XII, imba huru yeopera muRome, Tor di Nona, yakavharwa se“inzenza”.

Kuedza kwechechi kudzivirira kukura kwetsika yenyika hakuna kutungamirira kumigumisiro yaidiwa nokuda kwayo - hupenyu hwemimhanzi hwakatanga kuisa pfungwa mudzimba dzevashandi. Uye pakati pevafundisi munhu aigona kusangana navanhu vakadzidza avo vaisiyaniswa nomurangariro wenyika wohunhu uye vasingatongogoverani miitiro inoganhurira yechechi. Vaviri vavo - Cardinals Panfili naOttoboni - vakaita basa rakakosha muhupenyu hwaCorelli.

MuRoma, Corelli akakurumidza kuwana nzvimbo yakakwirira uye yakasimba. Pakutanga, akashanda semutevedzeri wechipiri weviolinist mu orchestra ye theatre Tor di Nona, zvino wechitatu wevanoridza violin mumusangano weFrench Church yeSt. Zvisinei, haana kugara kwenguva refu ari panzvimbo yechipiri violinist. Musi waNdira 6, 1679, paCapranica Theatre, akaitisa basa reshamwari yake munyori Bernardo Pasquini "Dove e amore e pieta". Panguva ino, ari kutoongororwa semutambi weviolin anoshamisa, asingaenzaniswi. Mashoko aabbot F. Raguenay anogona kushanda souchapupu hwezvakataurwa, kuti: “Ndakaona muRoma,” munyori wacho akanyora kudaro, “munziyo imwe cheteyo, Corelli, Pasquini naGaetano, avo, chokwadika, vane violin yakanakisisa. , harpsichord uye theorbo munyika.

Zvinogoneka kuti kubva 1679 kusvika 1681 Corelli aive muGermany. Iyi fungidziro inoratidzwa naM. Pencherl, yakavakirwa paidi rokuti mumakore aya Corelli akanga asina kunyorwa somushandi weorchestra yechechi yeSt. Zvinyorwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvinotaura kuti akanga ari kuMunich, akashandira Duke weBavaria, akashanyira Heidelberg neHanover. Nekudaro, Pencherl anowedzera, hapana humbowo uhu hwakaratidzwa.

Chero zvazvingaitika, kubva muna 1681, Corelli anga ari muRoma, kazhinji achiita mune imwe yeakanakisa salons yeguta reItaly - salon yeSweden Queen Christina. “Guta Risingagumi,” anonyora kudaro Pencherl, “panguva iyoyo rakanga rakurirwa nefungu revaraidzo yenyika. Dzimba dzeAristocracy dzaikwikwidzana maererano nemitambo yakasiyana-siyana, kusetsa uye opera mitambo, mitambo ye virtuosos. Pakati pevatsigiri vakadai saPrince Ruspoli, Constable of Columns, Rospigliosi, Cardinal Savelli, Duchess of Bracciano, Christina weSweden akamira pachena, uyo, kunyangwe akapambwa, akachengeta pesvedzero yake yese. Aisiyaniswa nekutanga, kusununguka kwehunhu, hupenyu hwepfungwa uye njere; aigara achinzi "Northern Pallas".

Christina akagara muRoma muna 1659 uye akazvikomberedza nevanyori, vanyori, masayendisiti, maartist. Aine rombo rakanaka, akaronga mhemberero huru muPalazzo Riario yake. Mazhinji ezvinyorwa zvoupenyu hwaCorelli anotaura nezvezororo raakapiwa naye mukuremekedza mumiriri weChirungu akasvika muRoma muna 1687 kuti ataurirane napapa akamiririra Mambo James II, uyo aida kudzorera chiKaturike muEngland. Mhemberero iyi yakapindwa nevaimbi ve100 uye orchestra yezviridzwa zana nemakumi mashanu, inotungamirwa naCorelli. Corelli akatsaurira bhuku rake rekutanga rakadhindwa, Twelve Church Trio Sonatas, rakabudiswa muna 150, kuna Christina wekuSweden.

Corelli haana kusiya orchestra yechechi yeSt. Louis uye akaitonga pamazororo ose echechi kusvikira 1708. Chiitiko chekuchinja kwehupenyu hwake chaiva July 9, 1687, paakakokwa kubasa raCardinal Panfili, kubva muna 1690. akatamira kubasa raKadhinari Ottoboni. MuVenetian, muzukuru waPapa Alexander VIII, Ottoboni aive murume akadzidza zvakanyanya wenguva yake, nyanzvi yemimhanzi uye nhetembo, uye philanthropist ane rupo. Akanyora opera "II Colombo obero l'India scoperta" (1691), uye Alessandro Scarlatti akagadzira opera "Statira" pane yake libretto.

“Kukuudza chokwadi,” akanyora kudaro Blainville, “nguo dzechifundisi hadzinyatsokodzeri Kadhinari Ottoboni, ane chitarisiko chakanatswa uye chine ushingi uye, sezviri pachena, anoda kuchinjanisa vafundisi vake nokuda kwenyika. Ottoboni anoda nhetembo, mimhanzi uye nzanga yevanhu vakadzidza. Mazuva gumi nemana ega ega anoronga misangano (academies) uko maprelates nenyanzvi vanosangana, uye uko Quintus Sectanus, aka Monsignor Segardi, anoita basa guru. Hutsvene Hwake anochengetawo pamutengo wake vaimbi vepamusoro uye mamwe maartist, pakati pavo pane ane mukurumbira Arcangelo Corelli.

Imba yemakadhinari yaiva nevaimbi vanopfuura 30; pasi pekutungamirwa naCorelli, yakagadzira kuve yekutanga-kirasi ensemble. Achida uye ane hanya, Arcangelo akawana kurongeka kwakaringana kwemutambo uye kubatana kwesitiroko, izvo zvaive zvatove zvisina kujairika. “Aimisa okhestra nokukurumidza paaiona kutsauka pahuta hunenge humwe chete,” akayeuka kudaro mudzidzi wake Geminiani. Vemazuva ano vakataura nezveOttoboni orchestra se "chishamiso chemimhanzi".

Musi waApril 26, 1706, Corelli akagamuchirwa kuAcademy yeArcadia, yakavambwa muRoma muna 1690 - kudzivirira nekukudza nhetembo dzakakurumbira uye kutaura. Arcadia, iyo yakabatanidza machinda nenyanzvi muukama hwemweya, yakaverengerwa pakati penhengo dzayo Alessandro Scarlatti, Arcangelo Corelli, Bernardo Pasquini, Benedetto Marcello.

“Mutambo mukuru wakaridzwa muArcadia pasi pebaton yaCorelli, Pasquini kana Scarlatti. Yakapinda mukunatsurudzwa kwenhetembo nemimhanzi, izvo zvakakonzera makwikwi eunyanzvi pakati pevadetembi nevaimbi.

Kubva 1710, Corelli akarega kuita uye aingobatanidzwa mukuumbwa, achishanda pakusikwa kwe "Concerti Grossi". Pakupera kwa1712, akasiya Ottoboni Palace ndokuenda kuimba yake yega, kwaakachengeta zvinhu zvake, zviridzwa zvemimhanzi uye muunganidzwa wakawanda wemifananidzo (136 pendi nemifananidzo), ine mifananidzo yaTrevisani, Maratti, Brueghel, Poussin. nzvimbo, Madonna Sassoferrato. Corelli aive akadzidza zvakanyanya uye aive shasha yekupenda.

Musi waNdira 5, 1713, akanyora wiri, achisiya mufananidzo waBrueghel kuna Cardinal Colonne, imwe yemifananidzo yaanosarudza kuna Kadhinari Ottoboni, uye zvese zviridzwa uye zvinyorwa zvezvinyorwa zvake kumudzidzi wake waaida Matteo Farnari. Haana kukanganwa kupa penjeni ine mwero yeupenyu kuvaranda vake Pippo (Philippa Graziani) uye hanzvadzi yake Olympia. Corelli akafa usiku hwaJanuary 8, 1713. “Rufu rwake rwakasuruvarisa Roma nenyika. Pakusimbirira kwaOttoboni, Corelli anovigwa muPantheon yeSanta Maria della Rotunda semumwe wevaimbi vakuru muItari.

“Corelli munyori naCorelli the virtuoso havaparadzanisiki,” anonyora kudaro munyori wenhau dzemimhanzi weSoviet K. Rosenshield. "Zvese zvakasimbisa chimiro chepamusoro chekirasi muunyanzvi hweviolin, kubatanidza simba rakadzama remumhanzi nekukwana kwechimiro, manzwiro echiItaly nehutongi hwakakwana hwekutanga, kune musoro."

Muzvinyorwa zveSoviet pamusoro peCorelli, zvakawanda zvakabatanidzwa zvebasa rake nenziyo dzevanhu uye kutamba zvinoonekwa. Mune gigues of chamber sonatas, rhythm yemitambo yevanhu inogona kunzwika, uye inonyanya kuzivikanwa yeviolin yake yega inoshanda, Folia, yakazara nedingindira rerwiyo rwechiSpanish-chiPutukezi runotaura nezve rudo rusingafadzi.

Imwe nzvimbo yemifananidzo yemumhanzi yakakwenenzverwa neCorelli murudzi rwechechi sonatas. Aya mabasa ake akazadzwa nemakorokoto makuru, uye mafomu akatetepa efugue allegro anotarisira fugues yaJ-S. Bach. SaBach, Corelli anorondedzera mune sonatas nezve zvakadzika zviitiko zvevanhu. Maonero ake enyika omunhu haana kumubvumira kuisa basa rake pasi pezvinangwa zvechitendero.

Corelli akasiyaniswa nezvakasiyana zvaidiwa pamimhanzi yaakanyora. Kunyangwe akatanga kudzidza kuumbwa kumashure kuma70s ezana ramakore rechitanhatu uye akashanda nesimba hupenyu hwake hwese, zvisinei, pane zvese zvaakanyora, akaburitsa 6 chete kutenderera (opus 1-6), iyo yakaumba inowirirana chivakwa chake. kugadzira nhaka: 12 chechi vatatu sonatas (1681); 12 chamber trio sonatas (1685); 12 chechi vatatu sonatas (1689); 12 chamber trio sonatas (1694); muunganidzwa we sonatas ye violin solo ine bass - 6 chechi uye 6 chamber (1700) uye 12 Grand Concertos (concerto grosso) - 6 chechi uye 6 chamber (1712).

Kana mazano ehunyanzvi aizvida, Corelli haana kumira pakutyora mitemo yakatenderwa. Chikamu chechipiri chevatatu vake sonatas chakakonzera kukakavara pakati pevaimbi veBolognese. Vazhinji vavo vakaratidzira vachipokana ne“zvakarambidzwa” zvakafanana muzvishanu zvakashandiswa ipapo. Achipindura tsamba yakakanganisika yakanyorerwa kwaari, angave akazviita nemaune, Corelli akapindura nehasha uye akapomera vaimupikisa kusaziva mitemo yokutanga yetsinhirano: “Handioni kuti ruzivo rwavo rwenziyo uye mimhanzi yakakura sei, nokuti kana vaifambiswa muunyanzvi uye vakanzwisisa hunyengeri hwayo nekudzika kwayo, vaizoziva kuti kuwirirana chii uye kuti kunogona sei kuroya, kusimudzira mweya wemunhu, uye vaisazove vadiki zvakadaro - hunhu hunowanzogadzirwa nekusaziva.

Chimiro cheCorelli's sonatas ikozvino chinoita sechinodzorwa uye chakasimba. Zvisinei, munguva yehupenyu hwemunyori, mabasa ake akaonekwa zvakasiyana. Sonata yeItaly "Inoshamisa! manzwiro, fungidziro uye mweya, - Raguenay akanyora mubhuku rataurwa, - vanoridza violin vanozviita vari pasi pesimba ravo rinotyisa; vanorwadzisa mbira dzavo. sokunge akagarwa.”

Tichifunga nezvakawanda zveiyo biography, Corelli aive nehunhu hwakadzikama, hwakazviratidzawo mumutambo. Zvisinei, Hawkins muThe History of Music anonyora, kuti: “Mumwe murume akamuona achitamba akataura kuti mukati momutambo wacho maziso ake akazadzwa neropa, akava akatsvuka somoto, uye vana vaimonereka sokunge vari mumarwadzo.” Zvakaoma kudavira rondedzero “yakaisvonaka” yakadaro, asi zvichida mune tsanga yechokwadi mairi.

Hawkins anorondedzera kuti paaiva muRoma, Corelli haana kukwanisa kutamba ndima muHandel's Concerto grosso. “Handel akaedza zvisina maturo kutsanangurira Corelli, mutungamiriri wevaimbi, nzira yokuridza nayo uye, pakupedzisira, arasikirwa neshiviriro, akabvuta violin mumaoko ake ndokuiridza iye amene. Ipapo Corelli akamupindura neruremekedzo: "Asi, mudiwa Saxon, uyu mimhanzi yeFrench style, yandisingazive." Muchokwadi, iyo overture "Trionfo del tempo" yakaridzwa, yakanyorwa muchimiro cheCorelli's concerto grosso, ine maviolin maviri ega. Chokwadi Handelian musimba, zvakange zvisinganzwisisike kune kudzikama, kwakanaka kwekutamba kwaCorelli "uye haana kukwanisa" kurwisa "nesimba rakakwana idzi ndima dzinotinhira."

Pencherl anotsanangura imwe nyaya yakafanana neCorelli, iyo inogona kunzwisiswa chete nekuyeuka zvimwe zvezvinhu zvechikoro cheBolognese violin. Sezvambotaurwa, vaBolognese, kusanganisira Corelli, vakaderedza huwandu hweviolin kune zvinzvimbo zvitatu uye vakazviita nemaune nekuda kwekuunza chiridzwa pedyo nekunzwika kwezwi remunhu. Somugumisiro weizvi, Corelli, mutambi mukuru wenguva yake, aiva neviolin chete mukati mezvinzvimbo zvitatu. Pane imwe nguva akakokwa kuNaples, kuruvazhe rwamambo. Pakonzati, akapihwa kuti atambe chikamu che violin mu opera yaAlessandro Scarlatti, yaive nendima ine zvinzvimbo zvepamusoro, uye Corelli aisakwanisa kutamba. Mukuvhiringidzika, akatanga aria inotevera pachinzvimbo cheC minor muC mukuru. "Ngatizviite zvakare," akadaro Scarlatti. Corelli akatanga zvakare mune chikuru, uye munyori akamudzora zvakare. "Corelli murombo akanyara zvekuti akada kudzokera kuRoma chinyararire."

Corelli aive akazvininipisa zvakanyanya muhupenyu hwake hwega. Hupfumi hwega hwekugara kwake hwaive muunganidzwa wemifananidzo uye maturusi, asi midziyo yaive nechigaro chemaoko nezvituru, matafura mana, imwe yaive yearabhasta muchimiro chekumabvazuva, mubhedha wakareruka usina denga, atari ine muchinjikwa uye maviri. zvipfuva zvemadhirowa. Handel anoshuma kuti Corelli aiwanzopfeka zvitema, akapfeka jasi rakasviba, aigara achifamba uye achiratidzira kana akapihwa ngoro.

Hupenyu hwaCorelli, kazhinji, hwakabuda zvakanaka. Aizivikanwa, airemekedzwa uye airemekedzwa. Kunyange ari mubasa revatengi, haana kunwa kapu inovava, iyo, somuenzaniso, yakaenda kuMozart. Vese Panfili naOttoboni vakave vanhu vaikoshesa muimbi anoshamisa. Ottoboni aive shamwari huru yaCorelli nemhuri yake yese. Pencherle anotora tsamba dzekadhinari kumumiriri weFerrara, umo akateterera rubatsiro kuhama dzeArcangelo, dzemhuri yaanoda nehunyoro uye hunyoro hunokosha. Akakomberedzwa netsitsi uye kuyemura, akachengeteka mune zvemari, Corelli aigona kuzvipira zvakadzikama mukugadzira kwehupenyu hwake hwese.

Zvishoma kwazvo zvinogona kutaurwa nezve Corelli's pedagogy, uye zvakadaro aive pachena aive mudzidzisi akanakisa. Anoshamisa violinists akadzidza pasi pake, uyo muhafu yekutanga yezana remakore re1697 akaita kubwinya kweiyo violin art yeItaly - Pietro Locatelli, Francisco Geminiani, Giovanni Battista Somis. Around XNUMX, mumwe wevadzidzi vake vane mukurumbira, Chirungu Lord Edinhomb, akaraira mufananidzo waCorelli kubva kumuimbi Hugo Howard. Uyu ndiwo wega mufananidzo uripo wemukuru weviolin. Zvimiro zvakakura zvechiso chake zvine hukuru uye kudzikama, ushingi uye kudada. Saka aive muhupenyu, ari nyore uye anodada, akashinga uye ane hunhu.

L. Raaben