Natan Grigorievich Rakhlin (Natan Rakhlin).

Nathan Rakhlin

People's Artist of the USSR (1948), mubairo weStalin Prize yechipiri dhigirii (1952). “Mamwe manheru ndakaenda nevamwe vangu kubindu reguta. Kyiv Opera Orchestra yakanga ichiridza mudhishi. Kwenguva yokutanga muupenyu hwangu ndakanzwa kurira kwechiridzwa chine mutinhimira, ndakaona zviridzwa zvandisina kutombofungidzira kuti zvaivapo. Apo “Preludes” yaLiszt yakatanga kuridza uye nyanga yeFrance yakatanga yoga, zvakaratidzika kwandiri kuti ivhu rakanga richitsvedza kubva pasi petsoka dzangu. Zvichida, kubva panguva iyoyo chaiyo ndakatanga kurota nezvebasa remudhaidha weimwe symphony orchestra.

Rachlin panguva iyoyo aive nemakore gumi nemashanu. Panguva ino akanga ava kutozviona semuimbi. Mutaundi raakaberekerwa reSnovsk, munharaunda yeChernihiv, akatanga "basa rake rekonzati", achiridza violin mumafirimu, uye pazera remakore gumi nematatu akazova chiratidzo chehwamanda muboka raG. Kotovsky. Zvino muimbi wechidiki aiva nhengo yendarira bhendi Higher Military School muna Kyiv. Muna 1923 akatumirwa Kyiv Conservatory kuti anodzidza violin. Zvichakadaro, kurota kwekuita hakuna kusiya Rakhlin, uye iye zvino ari kutodzidza padhipatimendi rinotungamirira reLysenko Music and Drama Institute pasi pekutungamirirwa kwaV. Berdyaev naA. Orlov.

Mushure mokunge apedza kudzidza kubva kuInstitute (1930), Rakhlin akashanda pamwe neKyiv uye Kharkov radio orchestras, neDonetsk Symphony Orchestra (1928-1937), uye muna 1937 akava mukuru weUkraine SSR Symphony Orchestra.

PaAll-Union Competition (1938), iye, pamwe chete naA. Melik-Pashayev, akapiwa mubairo wechipiri. Nenguva isipi Rakhlin akakwidziridzwa kuva vatungamiri veSoviet vaitungamirira. Munguva yeGreat Patriotic War, akatungamirira State Symphony Orchestra yeU.SR (1941-1944), uye mushure mekusunungurwa kweUkraine, akatungamirira republican orchestra kwemakore makumi maviri. Pakupedzisira, muna 1966-1967, Rakhlin akaronga uye akatungamirira Kazan Symphony Orchestra.

Nguva yese iyi kondakita akapa makonzati akawanda munyika yedu nekune dzimwe nyika. Kuitwa kwega kwega naRakhlin kunounza zvinofadza zvakawanikwa uye zvakakura zvekunaka zviitiko kune vanoda mimhanzi. Nekuti Rakhlin, atowana kuzivikanwa kwepasirese, asinganeti anoenderera mberi nekutsvaga kwake kwekugadzira, achiwana mhinduro nyowani mumabasa aya aange achiita kwemakumi emakore.

Mumwe anozivikanwa weSoviet cellist G. Tsomyk, uyo akadzokorora kutora chikamu mumakonzati emuitisi, anoratidza mufananidzo wemuimbi: "Rakhlin anogona kunzi iprovisational conductor. Izvo zvakawanikwa pakudzokorora ingori sketch yeRakhlin. Kondakita anotumbuka chaizvo pakonzati. Kufuridzirwa kwemuimbi mukuru kunomupa mavara matsva uye matsva, dzimwe nguva asingatarisirwi kwete chete kune vaimbi veimba ye orchestra, asi kunyange kumuitisi pachake. Muurongwa hwekuita, izvi zvakawanikwa zvakagadzirirwa panguva yekudzokorora. Asi runako rwavo runokosha rwuri mu“zvishoma” izvo zvinoberekwa mubasa rakabatanidzwa romuitisi neokhestra muno, muhoro, pamberi pavateereri.

Rakhlin mududziri akanaka kwazvo weakasiyana siyana emabasa. Asi kunyange pakati pavo, kuverenga kwake kwePassacaglia naBach-Gedicke, Beethoven's Ninth Symphony, Berlioz's Fantastic Symphony, nhetembo dze symphonic naLiszt naR. Strauss, Sixth Symphony, Manfred, Francesca da Rimini naTchaikovsky. Anogara achibatanidza muzvirongwa zvake uye mabasa nevanyori veSoviet - N. Myaskovsky, R. Glier, Y. Shaporin, D. Shostakovich (yekutanga shanduro yeEleventh Symphony), D. Kabalevsky, T. Khrennikov, V. Muradeli, Y Ivanov nevamwe.

Semutungamiriri mukuru weUkraine Symphony Orchestra, Rakhlin akaita zvakawanda kuti azivise hunyanzvi hwevanyori verepublic. Kwenguva yokutanga, akapa vateereri mabasa evanyori vakakurumbira - B. Lyatoshinsky, K. Dankevich, G. Maiboroda, V. Gomolyaka, G. Taranov, pamwe chete nevanyori vaduku. Chokwadi chekupedzisira chakacherechedzwa naD. Shostakovich: “Isu, vanyori veSoviet, tinonyanya kufadzwa nemafungiro orudo aN. Rakhlin kune vagadziri vemimhanzi vechidiki, vazhinji vavo vakagamuchira nekuonga uye vanoramba vachigamuchira zano rake rinokosha pavanenge vachishanda pamabasa emimhanzi.

Basa rekudzidzisa raPurofesa N. Rakhlin rakabatana neKyiv Conservatory. Pano akadzidzisa makondakita akawanda ekuUkraine.

Lit.: G. Yudin. Ukrainian conductors. “SM”, 1951, Nha. M. Goosebumps. Nathan Rahlin. "SM", 8, Nhamba 1956.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek, 1969