Samuil Abramovich Samosud (Samuil Samosud) |
Samuil Samosud
Soviet conductor, People's Artist yeUSSR (1937), akahwina matatu Stalin Prize (1941, 1947, 1952). “Ndakaberekerwa muguta reTiflis. Baba vangu vaive conductor. Manzwiro emimhanzi akazviratidza ndichiri muduku. Baba vangu vakandidzidzisa kuridza cornet-a-piston uye cello. Kutamba kwangu ndoga kwakatanga ndiine makore matanhatu. Gare gare, paTiflis Conservatory, ndakatanga kudzidza zviridzwa naPurofesa E. Gijini uye cello naPurofesa A. Polivko.” Saka Samosud anotanga yake autobiographical noti.
Mushure mokunge apedza chikoro chemimhanzi muna 1905, muimbi wechidiki akaenda kuPrague, kwaakadzidza nemukurumbira wecellist G. Vigan, pamwe chete nemutungamiriri mukuru wePrague Opera K. Kovarzovats. Kumwe kuvandudzwa kweSA Samosud kwakaitika muParisian “Schola Cantorum” pasi pekutungamirwa nemunyori V. d'Andy uye conductor E. Colonne. Pamwe, kunyangwe ipapo akaita sarudzo yekuzvipira kuitisa. Kunyange zvakadaro, kwenguva yakati pashure pokunge adzoka kubva kunze kwenyika, akashanda semuimbi anoimba ari oga muSt. Petersburg People's House.
Kubva 1910, Samosud akaita se opera conductor. MuPeople's House, pasi pekutonga kwake, kune Faust, Lakme, Oprichnik, Dubrovsky. Uye muna 1916 akaitisa "Mermaid" pamwe nekubatanidzwa kwaF. Chaliapin. Samosud anoyeuka kuti: “Galinkin, aiwanzoimba nziyo dzaShalyapin, akanga asingarwari, uye vaimbi vakandirumbidza zvakasimba. Nekuda kwehudiki hwangu, Chaliapin akange asingavimbe nechikumbiro ichi, asi zvakadaro akabvuma. Ichi chiitiko chakaita basa rakakura muhupenyu hwangu, sezvo mune ramangwana ndakaita zvinenge zvese zvemitambo yaChaliapin, uye nechekare pakuomerera kwake. Kukurukurirana kwemazuva ese naChaliapin - muimbi ane hunyanzvi, mutambi uye dhairekitori - kwandiri chaive chikoro chikuru chekugadzira chakavhura mahorizoni matsva muhunyanzvi.
Samosud's yakazvimirira yekusika biography, sekunge, yakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zviviri - Leningrad neMoscow. Mushure mekushanda paMariinsky Theatre (1917-1919), kondakita akatungamira boka remimhanzi rakazvarwa muna Gumiguru - iyo Maly Opera Theatre muLeningrad uye aive mutungamiriri wayo wehunyanzvi kusvika 1936. Imhaka yekukodzera kweSamosud kuti iyi yemitambo yakawana zvakakodzera. mukurumbira we "rabhoritari yeSoviet opera." Zvigadzirwa zvakanakisa zvechinyakare operas (The Abduction from the Seraglio, Carmen, Falstaff, The Snow Maiden, The Golden Cockerel, etc.) uye mabasa matsva nevanyori vekune dzimwe nyika (Krenek, Dressel, etc.) ). Zvisinei, Samosud akaona basa rake guru mukugadzira yemazuva ano Soviet repertoire. Uye akaedza kuita basa iri achishingirira uye aine chinangwa. Kare mumakore makumi maviri, Malegot akatendeukira kumitambo yemadingindira echimurenga - "For Red Petrograd" naA. Gladkovsky naE. Prussak (1925), "Twenty-Fifth" naS. Strassenburg zvichibva padetembo raMayakovsky "Good" (1927), Boka revechidiki rakaisa pfungwa dzakapoteredza vanyori veSamosud Leningrad avo vakashanda mumhando ye opera - D. Shostakovich ("Mhuno", "Lady Macbeth weMtsensk District"), I. Dzerzhinsky ("Kunyarara Kunoyerera Don"), V. Zhelobinsky ("Kamarinsky Muzhik", "Zita Zuva"), V Voloshinov nevamwe.
Lynching yakashanda nechido chisingawanzo uye kuzvipira. Munyori wenziyo I. Dzerzhinsky akanyora kuti: “Anoziva nhandare sezvaasina mumwe munhu ... , kuzviisa pasi kwezvinhu zvese zvekuita kune iyo huru, inotungamira pfungwa yeuXNUMXbuXNUMXbbasa ... Chiremera C A. Kuzvitonga kunobva patsika huru, ushingi hwekugadzira, kugona kushanda uye kugona kuita kuti vamwe vashande. Iye pachake anopinda mu "zvinhu zviduku" zveunyanzvi zvekugadzirwa. Anogona kuonekwa achitaura nevatambi, mapuropu, vashandi vepasiteji. Munguva yekudzidzira, anowanzosiya chigadziko chemuitisi uye, pamwe chete nemutungamiriri, anoshanda pane mise en zviratidziro, anoita kuti muimbi aite chimiro, anorayira muimbi kuti achinje izvi kana izvo, anotsanangurira kwaya nzvimbo isina kujeka munzvimbo. chibodzwa, etc. Samosud ndiye mutungamiriri chaiye wekuita, achiigadzira maererano nekunyatsofungwa - mune zvakadzama - kuronga. Izvi zvinopa chivimbo uye kujeka kuzviito zvake. "
Mweya wekutsvaga uye hunyanzvi hunosiyanisa mabasa eSamosud uye munzvimbo yemukuru conductor weBolshoi Theatre yeUSSR (1936-1943). Akagadzira pano zvechokwadi zvemhando yepamusoro zvigadzirwa zveIvan Susanin mune nyowani yekunyora edition uye Ruslan naLyudmila. Ichiri mukutenderera kwekutarisisa kwemutungamiriri ndiyo opera yeSoviet. Pasi pekutungamirirwa kwake, I. Dzerzhinsky's "Virgin Soil Upturned" inorongwa paBolshoi Theatre, uye munguva yeHondo Yenyika Yese yakaronga opera yaD. Kabalevsky "On Fire".
Nhanho inotevera yehupenyu hwekusika hwaSamosud inosanganiswa neMusical Theatre yakatumidzwa zita reKS Stanislavsky naVI Nemirovich-Danchenko, kwaaive mukuru wedhipatimendi remimhanzi uye mukuru conductor (1943-1950). "Hazvibviri kukanganwa kudzokorora kweSamosud," vanonyora vanyori vemitambo yemitambo N. Kemarskaya, T. Yanko naS. Tsenin. - Kunyangwe iyo merry operetta "The Beggar Student" naMillöker, kana basa rekufema kukuru - "Spring Love" naEncke, kana Khrennikov's folk comic opera "Frol Skobeev" - yaive ichigadzirirwa pasi pehutungamiriri hwake - zvakapinda sei Samuil Abramovich. achikwanisa kutarira mukati chaimo chaihwo chemufananidzo, akatungamirira muiti wacho noungwaru uye noungwaru sei mumiedzo yose, nomumufaro wose unowanikwa mubasa racho! Sezvo Samuil Abramovich akaratidzwa neunyanzvi pakudzidzira, mufananidzo wePanova muLyubov Yarovaya, uyo wakaoma zvikuru mumhanzi uye kuita mazwi, kana mufananidzo unogumbura uye unodedera waLaura muThe Beggar Student! Uye pamwe chete neizvi - mifananidzo yeEuphrosyne, Taras kana Nazar mu opera "Mhuri yeTaras" naKabalevsky.
Munguva yeGreat Patriotic War, Samosud ndiye aive mutambi wekutanga weD. Shostakovich's Seventh Symphony (1942). Uye muna 1946, vadi vemimhanzi yeLeningrad vakamuona zvakare pane control panel yeMaly Opera Theatre. Achitungamirirwa naye, mutambo wekutanga weS. Prokofiev we "War and Peace" wakaitwa. Samosud aive neushamwari hwepedyo naProkofiev. Akapiwa nemunyori kuti ape kune vateereri (kunze kwe "Hondo neRugare") Seventh Symphony (1952), oratorio "Kuchengetedza Nyika" (1950), "Winter Fire" suite (1E50) nemamwe mabasa. . Mune imwe teregiramu yaakanyorera kondakita, S. Prokofiev akanyora, kuti: “Ndinokurangarirai nokuonga kwoushamwari somuturikiri akangwara, ane tarenda uye akarurama waakawanda emabasa angu.”
Achitungamira theatre yakatumidzwa zita raKS Stanislavsky naVI Nemirovich-Danchenko, Samosud panguva imwe cheteyo akatungamira All-Union Radio Opera uye Symphony Orchestra, uye mumakore achangopfuura anga ari mukuru weMoscow Philharmonic Orchestra. Mukurangarira kwevazhinji, mitambo yake yakanaka kwazvo yemaopera mukuitwa kwekonzati yakachengetedzwa - Wagner's Lohengrin naMeistersingers, Rossini's The Thieving Magpies uye maItalian muAlgeria, Tchaikovsky's Enchantresses ... Uye zvese zvakaitwa naSamosuda mukusimudzira art yeSoviet hazvizove. havana kukanganwa vaimbi kana vadi venziyo.
L. Grigoriev, J. Platek
