Fritz Reiner (Reiner) (Fritz Reiner) |

Fritz Reiner

“Basa remhanzi rinoda kubva kumuimbi hunhu hwakasiyana hwemuimbi nemunhu. Iwe unofanirwa kuve nemimhanzi yechisikigo, nzeve isingakanganise uye isingachinjike yekunzwa mutinhimira. Iwe unofanirwa kuziva chimiro chezviridzwa zvakasiyana uye maitiro ekuzviridza. Unofanira kuziva mitauro. Iwe unofanirwa kuve neyakaomarara tsika uye kunzwisisa humwe hunyanzvi - pendi, chivezwa, nhetembo. Iwe unofanirwa kunakidzwa nechiremera, uye, pakupedzisira, iwe unofanirwa kuve wakazviitira hutsinye zvekuti mumamiriro ese ezvinhu, chaizvo panguva yakatarwa, mira pane iyo console, kunyangwe kana dutu rakapfuura kana kwave nemafashama, tsaona yechitima, kana kuti wakangorwara neflue.

Aya mazwi ndeaFritz Reiner, mumwe wevakuru vakuru vezana ramakore rechiXNUMX. Uye upenyu hwake hwose hurefu hwokusika hunovasimbisa. Unhu zvakanyorwa pamusoro apa, iye pachake akanga anazvo zvakakwana uye saka agara ari muenzaniso kune vaimbi, kune vadzidzi vake vakawanda.

Nemavambo uye chikoro, Reiner aive muimbi wekuEurope. Akawana dzidzo yake younyanzvi muguta raakaberekerwa, Budapest, uko B. Bartok aiva pakati pevadzidzisi vake. Kuitisa basa kwaReiner kwakatanga muna 1910 muLjubljana. Gare gare akashanda padzimba dzeOpera dzeBudapest neDresden, achikurumidza kuzivikanwa nevanhu. Kubva 1922 Reiner akatamira kuU.SA; apa mukurumbira wake wakasvika pakakwirira, apa akawana kukunda kwepamusoro kwehunyanzvi. Kubva 1922 kusvika 1931, Reiner akatungamira Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra, kubva 1938 kusvika 1948 akatungamira Pittsburgh Orchestra, zvino kwemakore mashanu akatungamira Metropolitan Opera Theatre, uye, pakupedzisira, kwemakore gumi ekupedzisira ehupenyu hwake akashanda semukuru mukuru. yeChicago Orchestra, yaakasiya mwedzi mishomanana asati afa. Makore ese aya, kondakita akafamba zvakanyanya muAmerica neEurope, akaitwa muhoro dzakanakisa dzemakonzati, munhandare dzemitambo "La Scala" uye "Covent Garden". Pamusoro pezvo, kwemakore anenge makumi matatu akadzidzisa achiitisa paPhiladelphia Curtis Institute, achidzidzisa zvizvarwa zvakawanda zvemakondakita, kusanganisira L. Bernstein.

Kufanana nevazhinji maartist echizvarwa chake, Reiner aive wechikoro cheGerman cherudo. Unyanzvi hwake hwairatidzwa nehupamhi hwehupamhi, kutaura, misiyano yakajeka, mhedziso yesimba guru, titanic pathos. Asi pamwe chete neizvi, semuitisi wemazuva ano chaiye, Reiner aivewo nehumwe hunhu: kuravira kukuru, kunzwisisa kwemhando dzakasiyana dzemimhanzi, manzwiro echimiro, kurongeka uye kunyangwe kutsoropodza mukufambiswa kwezvinyorwa zvemunyori, kunyatsoita mukupedzisa ruzivo. Unyanzvi hwebasa rake rekudzidzira ne orchestra rakava ngano: aive akanyanya laconic, vaimbi vakanzwisisa zvinangwa zvake nekufamba kwemaoko laconic.

Zvese izvi zvaibvumira conductor kududzira mabasa aive akasiyana zvachose pahunhu nebudiriro yakaenzana. Akabata muteereri muma opera aWagner, Verdi, Bizet, uye mumhanzi dzinoshamisa dzeBeethoven, Tchaikovsky, Brahms, Mahler, uye mune inoyevedza orchestral canvases yaRavel, Richard Strauss, uye mumabhuku ekare eMozart naHaydn. Reiner's art yadzika kwatiri yakatorwa pane akawanda marekodhi. Pakati pezvakarekodhwa pane kugadziridzwa kwakanaka kweiyo sutu yewaltzes kubva kuStrauss's Der Rosenkavalier, yakagadzirwa naiye conductor pachake.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek