Frederick Delius (Dilius) (Frederick Delius) |

Frederick Delius

Haana kuwana dzidzo yeunyanzvi yemimhanzi. Somwana, akadzidza kuridza violin. Muna 1884 akaenda kuU.SA, kwaakashanda muminda yeorenji, akaramba achidzidza mimhanzi ari ega, akatora zvidzidzo kubva kumuimbi wepanzvimbo TF Ward. Akadzidza ngano dzeNegro, kusanganisira zvemweya, mataurirwo ayo akashandiswa musymphonic suite "Florida" (Dilius's debut, 1886), nhetembo ye symphonic "Hiawatha" (mushure meG. Longfellow), nhetembo yekwaya uye orchestra "Appalachian" , opera ”Koang” nevamwe. Achidzokera kuEurope, akadzidza naH. Sitt, S. Jadasson naK. Reinecke paLeipzig Conservatory (1886-1888).

Muna 1887 Dilius akashanyira Norway; Dilius akapesvedzerwa naE. Grieg, uyo akaonga zvikuru tarenda rake. Gare gare, Dilius akanyora mimhanzi yemutambo wezvematongerwo enyika neNorwegian playwright G. Heiberg ("Folkeraadet" - "People's Council", 1897); zvakare yakadzokera kudingindira reNorway muchirongwa chesymphonic "Sketches of a Northern Country" uye balladhi "Kamwe Pane Nguva" ("Eventyr", yakavakirwa pa "Folk Tales of Norway" naP. Asbjørnsen, 1917), nziyo dzinotenderera Zvinyorwa zveNorwegian ("Lieder auf norwegische Texte", kumashoko aB. Bjornson naG. Ibsen, 1889-90).

Mumakore ekuma1900 vakatendeukira kuzvidzidzo zveDanish mune opera Fenimore naGerda (zvakavakirwa panovhero Niels Lin naEP Jacobsen, 1908-10; post. 1919, Frankfurt am Main); akanyorawo nziyo paJacobsen, X. Drachmann naL. Holstein. Kubva 1888 aigara muFrance, kutanga muParis, ipapo kusvika kumagumo ehupenyu hwake muGre-sur-Loing, pedyo neFontainebleau, achingoshanyira nyika yake apo neapo. Akasangana naIA Strindberg, P. Gauguin, M. Ravel naF. Schmitt.

Kubva pakupera kwezana ramakore rechi 19 Mubasa raDilius, pesvedzero yevaImpressionists inobatika, iyo inonyanya kutaurwa mumitoo yekuimba uye kupenya kweizwi palette. Basa raDilius, rakaratidzwa nekutanga, riri padyo nehunhu kune nhetembo yeChirungu uye pendi yekupera kwe19th uye kutanga kwezana ramakore rechi20.

Dilius aive mumwe wevanyori vekutanga vechiRungu kutendeukira kumanyuko enyika. Mazhinji emabasa aDilius akazadzwa nemifananidzo yechimiro cheChirungu, umo airatidzawo mavambo emararamiro echiRungu. Pendi yake yeruzha rwenzvimbo yakazadzwa nenziyo dzinodziya, dzinofadza - ndizvo zvidimbu zveochestra diki: "Kuteerera kune yekutanga cuckoo muchirimo" ("Pakunzwa cuckoo yekutanga muchirimo", 1912), "Husiku hwezhizha parwizi" ("Husiku hwezhizha parwizi", 1912), "Rwiyo zuva risati rabuda" ("Rwiyo risati rabuda", 1918).

Kuzivikanwa kwakauya kuna Dilius nekuda kwemabasa emuitisi T. Beecham, uyo akashingairira kusimudzira nziyo dzake uye akaronga mutambo wakatsaurirwa kubasa rake (1929). Mabasa aDilius akaiswawo muzvirongwa zvake naGJ Wood.

Basa raDilius rekutanga kudhindwa rinonzi The Legend (Legende, yeviolin uye orchestra, 1892). Inonyanya kuzivikanwa yemitambo yake inonzi Rural Romeo naJulia (Romeo und Julia auf dem Dorfe, op. 1901), kwete muchikamu chekutanga muchiGerman (1, Komische Oper, Berlin), kana mushanduro yeChirungu ( “A village Romeo naJuliet”, “Covent Garden”, London, 1907) haina kubudirira; chete mukugadzirwa kutsva muna 1910 (ibid.) kwakagamuchirwa noushamwari nevoruzhinji vechiRungu.

Hunhu hwekuwedzera basa raDilius inhetembo yake yekutanga elegiac-pastoral symphonic "Kumusoro kwezvikomo uye kure" ("Kumusoro kwezvikomo uye kure", 1895, Spanish 1897), zvichibva pandangariro dzemoor minda yeYorkshire - the nyika yekwaDhiriyasi; pedyo naye muurongwa hwepfungwa uye mavara i“Sea Drift” (“Sea-Drift”) naW. Whitman, ane nhetembo yaDilius yakadzama uye yakamisikidzwawo mu“Nziyo dzokuonekana” (“Nziyo dzokuonekana”, dzekwaya uye orchestra. , 1930 -1932).

Mabasa emumhanzi akazotevera aDelius akataurwa nemunyori airwara kuna mabharani wake E. Fenby, munyori webhuku rinonzi Delius sezvandaimuziva (1936). Mabhuku aDilius anonyanya kukosha ndeaya Rwiyo rweZhizha, Fantastic Dhanzi uye Irmelin prelude yeorchestra, Sonata Nhamba 3 yeviolin.

Zvinyorwa: operas (6), kusanganisira Irmelin (1892, Oxford, 1953), Koanga (1904, Elberfeld), Fenimore naGerda (1919, Frankfurt); zve orc. - fungidziro Mubindu rezhizha (Mubindu rezhizha, 1908), Nhetembo yehupenyu nerudo (Nhetembo yehupenyu nerudo, 1919), Mhepo uye kutamba (Mhepo nekutamba, 1925), Rwiyo rwezhizha (Rwiyo rwezhizha. , 1930) , masutu, rhapsodies, mitambo; zvezviridzwa zvine orc. - 4 concertos (yefp., 1906; ye skr., 1916; kaviri - ye skr. uye vlch., 1916; yevlch., 1925), caprice uye elegy yevlch. (1925); chamber-instr. ensembles - tambo. quartet (1917), ye Skr. uye fp. - 3 sonatas (1915, 1924, 1930), rudo (1896); zve fp. - 5 mitambo (1921), 3 preludes (1923); yekwaya ine orc. - Misa yeHupenyu (Eine Messe des Lebens, yakavakirwa pa "Saka Spoke Zarathustra" naF. Nietzsche, 1905), Nziyo dzekuvira kwezuva (Nziyo dzekuvira kwezuva, 1907), Arabesque (Arabesk, 1911), Rwiyo rweMakomo Akakwirira. (Rwiyo rweHigh Hills, 1912), Requiem (1916), Nziyo dzekuonekana (pashure paWhitman, 1932); nokuda kwekwaya yecappella – rwiyo rwaWanderer (pasina mashoko, 1908), Runako runodzika ( The splendor falls, after A. Tennyson, 1924); yezwi neorc. - Sakuntala (kumashoko aX. Drahman, 1889), Idyll (Idill, maererano naW. Whitman, 1930), nezvimwewo; mimhanzi yemitambo yemadhirama. theatre, kusanganisira mutambo "Ghassan, kana Rwendo rweGoridhe kuenda kuSamarkand" Dsh. Flecker (1920, post. 1923, London) nevamwe vakawanda. vamwe